VOLUME 2, ISSUE 7, JULY 2015

Abstract: Formation damage is one of the major challenges facing the oil and gas well. To tackle this problem, drilling and production engineers have come up with methods and ways to solve such a problem. In this work, several pressure build up data were gotten from unconsolidated oil well formation in the Niger delta part of Nigeria. The data were analytically analyzed for various reservoir parameters such as skin factor, permeability, flow rates, bottom whole pressure and their effects on production of oil and gas. The data obtained were plotted in excel software using Horner plot method. The results obtained for both wells showed a negative skin (-ve) meaning that the wells were not actually damaged. It also indicated that both wells have higher permabilities which resulted in higher flow rates.

Keywords: Formation Damage, Reservoir Parameters, Pressure Data, Production.

Abstract: Enhancement is the modification of image to better visualisation to the viewer. It is a technique to manipulate pixel value to produce an image with optimum contrast. The image used in medical, satellite and edge detection is not of a standard quality so to increase visual appearance and reduced noise enhancement of image is used. Although enhancement techniques differ according to application but they are broadly classified as two type: Spatial domain and Frequency domain. In spatial domain the image is modified i.e. pixel value of image & in frequency domain the frequency of image is modified. Here we will try to provide some image enhancement techniques in spatial as well as frequency domain and use some of the parameter to measure different technique shortcoming.

Keywords: Image enhancement, Histogram Equalization, Local Enhancement, Retinex, Homomorphic filtering.

Abstract: This paper introduces implementation of AES on Tensilica's Xtensa processors. Advance Encryption Standard (AES) is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This paper illustrates the efficiency and performance of Tensilica Xtensa processors in accelerating encryption and decryption on Xilinx Kinex7 FPGA. Xtensa processors offer performance that competes with the hardware solutions at the same time provides the benefits of flexibility and programmability of software solutions.

Keywords: Xtensa, Processor, Configurable, Programmable, Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, AES.

Abstract: Quality and productivity play significant role in present manufacturing market. From customers viewpoint quality is very important because the extent of quality of the procured item or product influences the degree of satisfaction of the consumers during usage of the procured goods. Therefore, every manufacturing or production unit should concern about the quality of the product. Apart from quality, there exists another criterion, called productivity which is directly related to the profit level and also goodwill of the organization. To achieve maximum advantage in producing a good quality product, a good cutting tool is required. This paper aims at finding out the best cutting tool among the commonly used tools used in lathe machines for various operations. The different tools used are HSS(S-400), silicon carbide and tungsten carbide. Control chart technique is being implemented to find the best cutting tool on the basis of cutting forces exerted by the tools.

Keywords: Cutting force, cutting tools and control chart.

Abstract: In Previous days to protect the Sensitive information from unauthorized users generally by using Access control mechanism. The integrated framework is a combination of Access control policies and Privacy Protection Mechanism (PPM). However, when sensitive information is shared and a Privacy Protection Mechanism (PPM) is not in place, an authorized user can still compromise the privacy of a person leading to identity disclosure. A PPM can use suppression and generalization of relational data to anonymize and satisfies privacy requirements, e.g., k-anonymity and l-diversity, against identity and attribute disclosure. In this paper, we propose an Integrated framework it s a combination of accuracy-constrained privacy-preserving access control framework. The access control policies define selection predicates available to roles while the privacy requirement is to satisfy the k-anonymity or l-diversity. An additional constraint that needs to be satisfied by the PPM is the imprecision bound for each selection predicate. The techniques for workload-aware anonymization for selection predicates have been discussed in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, the problem of satisfying the accuracy constraints for multiple roles has not been studied before. In this paper the focus is on a static relational table that is anonymized only once. To exemplify our approach, role-based access control is assumed.

Keywords: Access control polices, privacy, Anomity methods, Query evaluation.

Abstract: Chebulinic acid is a phenolic compound found in the fruits of Terminalia chebula (Haritaki), Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) and seeds of Dimocarpus longan (Longan) species etc. It showed many pharmacological activities including inhibition of cancer cell growth like human leukemia K562 cells, colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell lines, anti-neisseria gonorrhoeae activity etc. The present studies on optimisation of physico-chemical parameters like effects of different solvents, soaking time, extraction time with hexane, particle size, different solvent percentages, different volumes of hexane with ethanol as solvent and pH for the extraction of chebulinic acid from the composition of Medicinal herbs. The Chebulinic acid concentration for optimised conditions was 7.7 mg/ml.

Keywords: Chebulinic acid, Terminalia chebula fruit, Amla fruit, Longan seed, Ethanol.

Abstract: In the present growing trend of mobile computing, technologies, applications mainly focus on mobile e-commerce (m-commerce) and the mobile Web. As the mobile commerce market grows, Customer relationship management (CRM) is one of the major applications that incorporates the present marketing standard of relationship management (RM) and supports in acquisition, understanding requirements, and maintaining long-term relationships with customers. Expanding the CRM applications to mobile devices is increasingly becoming a major goal for organizations to optimize their workforce. To obtain a successful and desired outcome, quality of acquired data has a major impact on the organization's productivity. Hence the quality of data constitute the basis for major decisions of organization's operational and strategic levels which intern leads to positive growth of organizations. In order to tackle the above issue, we have proposed a novel quality model for customer lead data. Some of the activities are defined to analyse the performance of system with respect to time, data quality, reliability. This framework needs a feasible implementation module in the near future for improving quality of CRM lead data in m-commerce.

Keywords: CRM; Lead data; m-commerce; Data quality; e-commerce; mobile.

Abstract: A bearing manufacturing line is complete flow of rings from material to finish in form of one piece flow from one machine process to another sequentially placed one after another connected by conveying manufacturing lines. A production manufacturing line is "factory within the factory" with dedicated machines, assortment and people, forming a well-structured flow of products by the bottleneck operations. Management of bottleneck is very important as it determines the production capacity, production capacity determines the output and output determines income, the output influence the cost per product, the income and cost determine the result and result finally determines future.The lost minute in the bottleneck is a lost minute for the entire manufacturing line and for all future.Managing the bottleneck is the most important activity in the entire production manufacturing line.

Keywords: Cycle time, Standard cost, Bottleneck machine, hard turning.

Abstract: To meet stringent emission norms researchers and engine developers are working tremendously all over the on diesel engine combustion and emissions. This review covers emission formation mechanisms in diesel engines and recent developments in regulations to limit diesel engine emissions especially piston bowl parameters like toroidal radius, pip region, lip and spray impingement area.

Keywords: Diesel Engine Combustion, Emission Mechanism, Piston Bowl Geometry.

Abstract: Economic Dispatch is the process of allocating the required load demand between the available generation units such that the cost of operation is minimized. There have been many algorithms proposed for economic dispatch out of which a Differential Evolution (DE) is discussed in this paper. Differential Evolution (DE) is very effective for solving optimization problems with non-smooth and non-convex characteristics. This technique combines simple arithmetic operator with classic evolutionary operators, such as mutation, crossover and selection. The key idea behind DE is a scheme for generating trial vectors. Mutation is used to generate a mutant vector by adding differential vectors obtained from the difference of several randomly chosen parameter vectors to the parent vector. After that, a trial vector is produced by a crossover through recombining the obtained mutant vector with the target vector. The DE is used to solve the Economic Dispatch problem (ED) with transmission loss by satisfying the linear equality and inequality constraints. The proposed method is compared with Lemda Iteration(LI),Genetic Algorithm (GA),Artificial Bee Colony(ABC), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for a 3 Unit Test System and 6 UNIT Test System.

Keywords: Differential Evolution, Genetic Algorithm, Artificial Bee Colony, Particle Swam Optimisation.

Abstract: Various extracts of Rauvolfia serpentina fruit evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity. The experimental methods were used cup plate method at a dose 1 mg/ml. Among the various extracts the water and chloroform extract showed good activity against bacterial strains E. coli and P. Klebsilla and remaining Pet. ether and Ethanol extract also showed good activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The various extracts of Rauvolfia serpentina were studied for antifungal activity among various extracts the Pet. Ether and Ehtanol extract showd good activity against A.flavus and A. niger and remaining extracts showed poor to moderate activity. All extracts of fruit subjected to Antimicrobial screening and the results are tabulated in Table (1) and (2).

Keywords: Rauvolfia serpentina, Antifungal, Antibacterial Screening.

Abstract: Indoor wireless Localization is essential for most of the critical environment or infrastructure created by man. Technological growth in the areas of wireless communication access techniques, high speed information processing and security has made to connect most of the day-to-day usable things, place and situations to be connected to the internet, named as Internet of Things(IOT).Using such IOT infrastructure providing an accurate or high precision localization is a smart and challenging issue. In this paper, we have proposed mapping model for locating a static or a mobile electronic communicable gadgets or the things to which such electronic gadgets are connected. Here, 4-way mapping includes the planning and positioning of wireless AP building layout, GPS co-ordinate and the signal power between the electronic gadget and access point. The methodology uses Haversine formula for measurement and estimation of distance with improved efficiency in localization. Implementation model includes signal measurements with wifi position, GPS values and building layout to identify the precise location for different scenarios is considered and evaluated the performance of the system and found that the results are more efficient compared to other methodologies.

Keywords: Localization, Haversine, GPS (Global positioning system)

Abstract: Edge detection plays an important role in image processing, pattern recognition and in computer vision applications. The amount of data to be processed is reduced in image edge detection while preserving important structural properties in an image. Various edge detection operators such as Sobel operator, Prewitt operator, Robert operator has been proposed in the literature for extracting the edges from the grayscale image. Only 90% of edge information in a color image can be found in the corresponding grayscale image. It implies that 10% of the edges are left over in grayscale images. Since color images give more information than grayscale images, this 10% left over edges may be extracted from color images. In the proposed algorithm, edge at each pixel of an image is calculated using fuzzy rules around 3 * 3 spatial masks. Fuzzy inference system designed has 8 inputs, which corresponds to 8 neighboring pixels of instantaneous scanning matrix, one output that tells whether the pixel under consideration is an edge or not. Rule base comprises of thirty rules, which classifies the target pixel. The proposed method results for both color images and gray scale images.The fuzzy inference system allows effective utilization and representation of human expertise about the system, thus the edges can be detected efficiently.

Keywords: Edge detection, Color edge detection, Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy inference system.

Abstract: In current scenario, there are situations in a computing system where incoming information needs to be compared with a piece of stored data to locate the matching entry, e.g., cache tag array lookup and translation look-aside buffer matching. Nowadays the reliability issues of memory are Event Upsets (EUs), which are able to invert the stored logical value in memory cells. This issue is more serious when the affected memory cells are part of the configuration memory used for programming the circuit functionality. The consequences may be alterations of the circuit functionality causing errors which may only be corrected by reprogramming the device. A new architecture for matching the data protected with an error-correcting code (ECC) is proposed in brief to reduce latency and complexity. The proposed architecture is based on the fact that the codeword of an ECC is usually represented in a systematic form consisting of the raw data and the parity information generated by encoding, and the proposed architecture parallelizes the comparison of the data and that of the parity information. To further reduce the latency and complexity, in addition, a new butterfly-formed weight accumulator (BWA) is proposed for the efficient computation of the Hamming distance. Grounded on the BWA, the proposed architecture examines whether the incoming data matches the stored data, and if not it aims to locate the erroneous bit and they are corrected. The empirical evaluation proves that the proposed methodology discovers the best service for reliability issues of memory.

Keywords: Butterfly-Formed Weight Accumulator, Translation Look-Aside Buffer, ECC, EDC, Decimal Matrix Code.

Abstract: Without brake system in the vehicle will put a passenger in unsafe position. Therefore, it is a must for all vehicles to have proper brake system. Due to critical system in the vehicle, many of researchers have conducted a study on brake system and its entire component. In this paper study has conducted on square, circular grooved and normal disc brake rotor of passenger vehicle with full load of capacity. The study is more likely concern of heat and temperature distribution on disc brake rotor. Thermal and structural analysis has been carried through the heat transfer analysis where to predict the worse case scenario and temperature behaviors of disc brake rotor. Further, finite element analysis, ANSYS software has been used in order to identify the temperature distributions and behaviors of disc brake rotor in steady state responses. The results have been compared for better justification. Thus, the results provide better understanding on the thermal characteristic of disc brake rotor and assist the automotive industry in developing optimum and effective disc brake rotor of two wheeler.

Keywords: Disc brake rotor, square groove, circular groove, Thermal and structural analysis, ANSYS .

Abstract: The relationship between logistics integration competencies of Philippine food firms with their supply chain performance is explored in this research using the 21st Century Logistics framework developed by Michigan State University's Global Logistics Research Team. The results reveal three clusters of logistics competencies attained by Philippine food packaging firms as a result of the logistics capabilities they exhibited. It also shows that respondent Philippine food packaging firms have high levels of logistics competencies compared to international benchmarks. Two logistics integration competencies were found to be significantly associated with firm supply chain performance.

Keywords: Supply Chain 2000; Supply Chain Performance; Logistics Integration; Logistics Competencies; Logistics Framework; Philippine Food Packaging; Supply Chain Metrics; Logistics Capabilities; Relationship Integration; Supply Integration; Segmental Focus.

Abstract: This paper introduces modulation techniques to reduce harmonics in Flexible Power Electronic Transformer. The proposed FPET is power electronic based transformer which has enough flexibility to satisfy future needs of power electronic centralized systems. The main feature of the FPET is the independent operation of modules each of which contains one port and connected to a common dc link. Each port can be considered as input or output, because bidirectional power flow is provided. More harmonic component in the input current of FPET has been compared to the similar circuits topologies proposed for multilevel PET. PSM i.e. PHASE SHIFT MODULATION technique will be applied to FPET to control voltage and reduce harmonics. SPWM, SIGMA DELTA MODULATION, and HYSTERESIS BAND CONTROL MODULATION techniques would be used to reduce THD of voltage and current waveforms of FPET

Keywords: DC Source, IGBT, INVERTER, CYCLOCONVERTER, LC-FILTER, MODULATION TECHNIQUES, BI-DIRECTIONAL POWER FLOW, HFIT.

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks are vulnerable to the node clone, and several distributed protocols have been proposed to detect this attack. However, they require too strong assumptions to be practical for large-scale, randomly deployed sensor networks. In this paper, we propose two novel node clone detection protocols with different tradeoffs on network conditions and performance. The first one is based on a distributed hash table (DHT), by which a fully decentralized, key-based caching and checking system is constructed to catch cloned nodes effectively. The protocol performance on efficient storage consumption and high security level is theoretically deducted through a probability model, and the resulting equations, with necessary adjustments for real application, are supported by the simulations. Although the DHT-based protocol incurs similar communication cost as previous approaches, it may be considered a little high for some scenarios. To address this concern, our second distributed detection protocol, named randomly directed exploration, presents good communication performance for dense sensor networks, by a probabilistic directed forwarding technique along with random initial direction and border determination. The simulation results uphold the protocol design and show its efficiency on communication overhead and satisfactory detection probability.

Keywords: Wireless sensor networks, Distributed hash table, key-based caching, clone detection.

Abstract: A study of intertidal gastropods using quadrat method was conducted from August 2012 to July 2013. Specifically to identify and classify taxonomically the gastropods in Asry Beach, Kingdom of Bahrain; find out significant differences in the number of identified gastropods within the taxonomic groups; and determine heterogeneity and alpha diversity of species using Shannon diversity index (H), and species richness using Magalef's (d) diversity index. A total of 2,136 individual species were identified in the sandy and rocky intertidal zones which belong to 16 families, 5 genera and 28 species of gastropods. Statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with multiple comparisons depicted significant difference on the number of gastropods at varying taxonomic groups. Result of Shannon (H) and Magalef's (d) diversity indices revealed diversity and species richness of the three species, Calliostoma selectum, Lirobittium attenuatum, and Homalopoma luridum. Gastropods are abundant in the sandy and rocky intertidal zone.

Keywords: Gastropods, Intertidal zone, Quadrat method, Magalef's diversity index.

Abstract: Petroleum fuels are widely known and utilizing fuels, due to petroleum fuel depletion and environmental degradation. Renewable, carbon neutral, bio-fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Biodiesel derived from oil seeds is a potential renewable alternative fuel to petroleum diesel. Chemically, biodiesel is a mono alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stock like edible/non edible vegetable oils and animal fats. It is produced by transesterification process in which, oil is reacted with a monohydric alcohol in presence of a catalyst. Palm methyl ester was chosen for present experimental study. The effect of Palm methyl ester on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine at varying injection pressure was studied through experimental work. It was observed that the fuel penetration distance become longer and the mixture formation of the fuel and air was improved when the combustion duration became shorter as the injection pressure became higher. When fuel injection pressure is low, fuel particle diameters will enlarge and ignition delay period during the combustion will increase. This situation leads to inefficient combustion in the engine and causes the increase in emissions like NOx and CO. When the injection pressure is increased fuel particles diameters will become small, the mixing of fuel and air becomes better during ignition delay period which causes low CO emission. Maximum brake thermal efficiency of 30.33% was obtained at an injection pressure of 260 bars. Palm methyl ester fuel exhibited lower cylinder gas pressure and higher heat release rate at an injection pressure 260 bar. Palm methyl ester showed reduction in carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO) but slight increase in the levels of unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) with higher injection pressure.

Keywords: Biodiesel, Palm Methyl Ester, single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine, emissions, performance.

Abstract: This paper is used to cluster the various components of a bank customer details and segregate potential customers eligible for loan. The application of this technique helps the banker to scale the potentiality of their customers and take necessary steps to decide for loan approval. The classic difficulty of recognizing the customer's potentiality is solved using this thesis and helps them to judge the good will of their customers.Identifying the eligible customers for loan in this modern society is complex. The identified customer must be able to repay his loan in the proper installments throughout the tenure. The Banker can identify the loyalty of the customer with the help of this thesis. After completing the collection of data, it is clustered according to the monthly salary, movable and immovable assets. Since K-Medoid algorithm is an unsupervised algorithm, we specify the number of clusters.

Keywords: K-Medoid, Clusters, Unsupervised Algorithm, Potential Customers, Loan Installment, Goodwill.

Abstract: Inverters designed using reduced active semiconductor devices can be of interest to the industry because of their lower cost and enhanced reliability linked to their less complex gating and control circuitries. In this paper a four switch three phase b-4 topology for the grid connected application in an effort to reduce the cost of the inverter is investigated. Admittedly, this topology warrants higher voltage ratings of the semiconductor devices used and the dc-link split capacitors used with respect to a conventional six-switch three-phase b-6 topology inverter for a specific set of grid voltages. In this paper, application of four power semiconductor switch based three phase inverter has been proposed for renewable energy based generalized three phase micro grid interconnection. The b-4 of three phase inverter topology is investigated to make the commercial micro grid system to be cost effective and hardware optimized. A simple sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is used to control the switching of the four switches. Main advantage of this converter is that it needs only four switches. As a result the system is less costly and also the complexity in associated with gating and control circuitry is very much reduced

Keywords: Four switch inverter, Sinusoidal pulse width modulation, Micro grid. VSI.

Abstract: Ammonia gas is emitted by many industries, poultry farms and composting plants, it is a colorless, toxic, reactive and corrosive gas with a sharp odor. Its abatement at source is essential as it is irritating to the skin, eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. Biofiltration is a new emerging technology that is being used as a control technique. The present work evaluates the use of a mixture of cattle manure and rice husk as biofilter media to reduce Ammonia gas. This study investigates the effective depth of filter media to reduce Ammonia gas. The Ammonia gas concentrations at Municipal Compost Plant were found to be 500-700 µg/m3. A bench scale biofilter column was designed and operated to investigate the removal of Ammonia gas in the Municipal Compost Plant. Removal efficiency for bed depth of 20 cm was found to be 61.5% and for bed depth of 40 cm was found to be 71.45%. Nitrate concentration in biofilter media was initially 0.013 mg/L and at the end of 10th day the concentration was rised to 0.022 mg/L. It was observed that the Ammonia gas removal efficiency goes on increases as the accumulation of bacteria increases. Rice husk and cattle manure has been proved as an efficient media for removal of Ammonia gas from air stream.

Keywords: Ammonia gas, Biofiltration, Nitrate, Rice husk, Cattle manure.