VOLUME 8, ISSUE 7, JULY 2021

Abstract: In this study, dynamical modelling and calculation of the traction curve of a shunting locomotive which have been designed and produced by TURASAS (Turkish Railway Vehicles Industry Inc.) (Formerly known as TULOMSAS (Turkish Locomotive & Engine Industry Inc.)) have been done. The longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle are calculated to determine its hauling capacity. The results are compared with the experimental results to see the locomotive has enough performance in terms of traction force and slippage. The experimental results show that the constructed model is calculating the tractive effort accurately for these types of shunting locomotives. The same model structure is tried with high-speed train parameters and the results are examined. The model has been changed according to calculate the traction curve of a high-speed train by using Muller Formula, and the obtained traction curve has been optimized by changing the weight distribution of the train between the driven and non-driven axis. Matlab-Simulink is used to create the proposed models and to realize the simulations. In this way, a comparison is obtained, and the key points are emphasized when calculating the traction curves of different types of railway vehicles. The results show that these types of mathematical models can play an important role to determine the specifications of the vehicles, and to configure sub-systems used in vehicles.

Keywords: Traction Curves, Diesel Electric, Shunting Locomotive, Locomotive, High Speed Trains

Abstract: 3D Printing technology, also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM), refers to processes used to generate a 3D object in which layers of material are successively formed under a computer controlled program to create a physical object. The 3D file source is usually sliced into several layers, each layer generating a set of computer controlled instructions. Both 3D printing and additive manufacturing reflect that the technologies share the theme of sequential-layer material addition or joining throughout a 3D work. Yet, the technology used by most 3D printers since the 2010's, especially by hobbyist and consumer-oriented products, is Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), also known as material extrusion or the proprietary Stratasys denomination's Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). FDM was patented in 1989 by S. Scott Crump just before he launched the Stratasys company with his wife, Lisa Crump.

Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, 3D printers, Resin curing, DLP, Stereolithography, SLA.

Abstract: A method of inversion of space is proposed on the basis of the generally accepted opinion in cosmology for expansion of the Universe as a result of the expansion of space. It is based on the characteristic of space to change its volume as a result of expansion or contraction. The mathematical method is based on Hubble's law describing the escape of galaxies and the expansion of the Universe. The inversion of space replaces its extension with the corresponding contraction. Discussion on the proposed method was implemented.

Keywords: space, inversion of space

Abstract: Entrepreneurship has taken on special significance in the context of Indian economic growth in a rapidly changing socioeconomic and political environment, particularly in the industrial sector. In today's world of privatisation, liberalisation, and globalisation, entrepreneurs are responsible for development. Entrepreneurship is a human act of creativity. As a result, entrepreneurship helps to increase per capita income, standard of living, and capital formation in the country's poorest regions. It is a process that covers risk, uncertainty, innovation, planning, and decision-making in order to accelerate economic growth. Here, in the research paper, a field-based picture of women entrepreneurship in Mysore district of Karnataka is presented analyzing their various socio-economic statuses through a structured questionnaire.

Keywords: Women, Entrepreneurship, Growth, Development, Income.

Abstract: The Indian education System has its own share of issues and challenges which needs to be solved for betterment and improvement in the system. India has remarkably transformed its higher education landscape, with widespread access of education to all levels of students. This paper focuses on the key challenges and implications in the field of education from the point of view of parents as well as students in India.

Keywords: Quality Education, effectiveness, efficiency.

Abstract: Work Life balance is the equilibrium between personal and career life. Every person must give equal importance to both personal and professional life. Maintaining a proper work Life balance can reduce a lot of physical and mental issues. It has more positive effects like lower burnout, lesser stress, increase productivity etc. From the time of liberalization, privatization and globalization the work culture had made a drastic change. The employees are internally and externally challenged for performing well and devote their time for the work. Covid 19 is an infectious disease caused by newly discovered corona virus. The virus affects the respiratory organs so that the patients experience mild to moderate respiratory illness. Elder people having serious medical problems like diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular problems, fencers etc are more seriously affected. The extended working hours, repeated quarantines and inability to go home had made the situation more badly. The study is intended to analyse the various variables that affect the work-life balances among nurses during the COVID Pandemic. Keywords-Covid 19, Work life balance

+91-7667918914 iarjset@gmail.com 0 Items International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN Online 2393-8021 ISSN Print 2394-1588 Since 2014 Home About About IARJSET Aims and Scope Editorial Board Editorial Policies Publication Ethics Publication Policies Indexing and Abstracting Citation Index License Information Authors How can I publish my paper? Instructions to Authors Benefits to Authors Why Publish in IARJSET Call for Papers Check my Paper status Publication Fee Details Publication Fee Mode FAQs Author Testimonials Reviewers Topics Peer Review Current Issue & Archives Indexing FAQ’s Contact Select Page Effect Of Zinc Application On Nutrient Content And Quality Of Wheat Crop In Alluvial Soils Of Eastern UP Suman Sharma, Devashish Singh

Abstract: The present investigation was conducted in net house with 12 levels of zinc (0, 10,20,30,40 and 50 kg Zn / ha soil application) with and 6 levels without foliar spray during Rabi season of 2019. Zinc levels had significant effect on nutrient content and uptake during investigation. The nutrient content recorded maximum with 30kg Zn ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray, whereas uptake with 30 kg Zn ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray. Nutrient content and uptake was enhanced by zinc levels and recorded maximum with 30 kg N ha-1. However, zinc uptake recorded in grain with 30 kg Zn ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray was statistically at par with 40 kg Zn ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray and 50 kg Zn ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4. Therefore, application of zinc @ 30 kg Zn ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray is to be recommended to get higher nitrogen and protein content in grain. Keywords- Zinc, Nitrogen, Wheat, Protein content Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8707 How to Cite: [1] Suman Sharma, Devashish Singh, "Effect Of Zinc Application On Nutrient Content And Quality Of Wheat Crop In Alluvial Soils Of Eastern UP," International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), DOI: IARJSET.2021.8707 Copy Citation Call for Papers Rapid Publication 24/7 April 2026 Submission: eMail paper now Notification: Immediate Publication: Immediately with eCertificates Frequency: Monthly Downloads Paper Format Copyright Form   Submit to iarjset@gmail.com or editor@iarjset.com   Submit My Paper Author CenterHow can I publish my paper? Publication Fee Why Publish in IARJSET Benefits to Authors Guidelines to Authors FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Author Testimonials IARJSET ManagementAims and Scope Call for Papers Editorial Board DOI and Crossref Publication Ethics Editorial Policies Publication Policies Subscription / Librarian Conference Special Issue Info ArchivesCurrent Issue & Archives Conference Special Issue Copyright © 2026 IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Open chat

+91-7667918914 iarjset@gmail.com 0 Items International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN Online 2393-8021 ISSN Print 2394-1588 Since 2014 Home About About IARJSET Aims and Scope Editorial Board Editorial Policies Publication Ethics Publication Policies Indexing and Abstracting Citation Index License Information Authors How can I publish my paper? Instructions to Authors Benefits to Authors Why Publish in IARJSET Call for Papers Check my Paper status Publication Fee Details Publication Fee Mode FAQs Author Testimonials Reviewers Topics Peer Review Current Issue & Archives Indexing FAQ’s Contact Select Page AVOID OVERLOADING IN TRUCK USING IOT WITH FUEL CUTOFF P. Leon Dharmadurai, A. Jegatheeswaran, S. Muthumanikandan, D. Naveen, S. Sunil, K. Santhosh raj

Abstract: The Objective of this project is to detect the load of the vehicle and indicate. This project is very useful to the vehicle owner in order to measure the load of the vehicle. The growth of every country's economy is measured by the growth of its transport infrastructure. With the gradual development of economy, the scale of transportation industry continues to expand. The problem of overload in the vehicle transport has emerged. Therefore, how simple and conveniently to know the vehicle load and how to effectively limit overload has become a key issue. Vehicle load control system integration device can detect conveniently vehicle load to prevent overloading of vehicle and improve vehicle safety and it can effectively reduce heavy work of the vehicle load testing station and improve work efficiency in transport sector.

Keywords: Iot, Trucks, Load cell, Fuel Tank Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8708 How to Cite: [1] P. Leon Dharmadurai, A. Jegatheeswaran, S. Muthumanikandan, D. Naveen, S. Sunil, K. Santhosh raj , "AVOID OVERLOADING IN TRUCK USING IOT WITH FUEL CUTOFF," International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), DOI: IARJSET.2021.8708 Copy Citation Call for Papers Rapid Publication 24/7 April 2026 Submission: eMail paper now Notification: Immediate Publication: Immediately with eCertificates Frequency: Monthly Downloads Paper Format Copyright Form   Submit to iarjset@gmail.com or editor@iarjset.com   Submit My Paper Author CenterHow can I publish my paper? Publication Fee Why Publish in IARJSET Benefits to Authors Guidelines to Authors FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Author Testimonials IARJSET ManagementAims and Scope Call for Papers Editorial Board DOI and Crossref Publication Ethics Editorial Policies Publication Policies Subscription / Librarian Conference Special Issue Info ArchivesCurrent Issue & Archives Conference Special Issue Copyright © 2026 IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Open chat

+91-7667918914 iarjset@gmail.com 0 Items International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN Online 2393-8021 ISSN Print 2394-1588 Since 2014 Home About About IARJSET Aims and Scope Editorial Board Editorial Policies Publication Ethics Publication Policies Indexing and Abstracting Citation Index License Information Authors How can I publish my paper? Instructions to Authors Benefits to Authors Why Publish in IARJSET Call for Papers Check my Paper status Publication Fee Details Publication Fee Mode FAQs Author Testimonials Reviewers Topics Peer Review Current Issue & Archives Indexing FAQ’s Contact Select Page Underground Cable Fault Detection Using Internet of Things Sathana.B, Jaissandiya.R, Divyadarshni.S, Ast.Prof. Poonguzhali.E

Abstract: Internet of Things is an Internet-connected object system that can store and transmit data on a wireless network without human interference. Internet of Things is a wireless system. IoT has its major contribution in fault diagnosis and prediction of the physical devices by analyzing the device without the knowledge of the physical manufacturing system Underground cables, due to underground stresses, wear and tear, rodents, etc, are subject to a variety of defects. It is also difficult to detect fault sources. To inspect and repair the failure, the whole line has to be dug. We, therefore, propose an Underground Cable Fault Detector using IoT that detects the exact position of the defect and simplifies the repair. To locate the root of the problem, the repairmen know which component is defective and only the region must be dug. This saves a lot of time, money, and effort and enables simple underground cable maintenance. This saves a great deal of time, money, and effort and allows for easy cable maintenance in the underground. We use Ohm's law principle and Blavier's test to detect and verify failures over the internet by authorities, here the Arduino board that is an IoT component functions as a machine brain and handles the sensor data. The machine detects errors by using the future cable-wide divisor network. When a failure occurs when two lines are cut, a certain voltage will be generated according to a combination of the resistance network. The microcontroller senses this voltage and is modified. The information the consumer receives is the distance that corresponds to this voltage. The microcontroller collects fault line data and displays it over an LCD monitor so that this data is transferred to the internet for online access. Keywords- Underground cables, Ohm's Law, Arduino, Blavier's test. Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8709 How to Cite: [1] Sathana.B, Jaissandiya.R, Divyadarshni.S, Ast.Prof. Poonguzhali.E, "Underground Cable Fault Detection Using Internet of Things," International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), DOI: IARJSET.2021.8709 Copy Citation Call for Papers Rapid Publication 24/7 April 2026 Submission: eMail paper now Notification: Immediate Publication: Immediately with eCertificates Frequency: Monthly Downloads Paper Format Copyright Form   Submit to iarjset@gmail.com or editor@iarjset.com   Submit My Paper Author CenterHow can I publish my paper? Publication Fee Why Publish in IARJSET Benefits to Authors Guidelines to Authors FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Author Testimonials IARJSET ManagementAims and Scope Call for Papers Editorial Board DOI and Crossref Publication Ethics Editorial Policies Publication Policies Subscription / Librarian Conference Special Issue Info ArchivesCurrent Issue & Archives Conference Special Issue Copyright © 2026 IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Open chat

Abstract: Human resources are the most potent sources in any organisation. The questions that every leader should consider are how to attract excellent staff and to achieve the goals of organisation. Personnel coaching is a major feature of Human Resource Management (HRM). It is a way for regulation to learn more about their workers and a way to help them become more efficient at what they do. Business success is partially ensured with the support of Human Resources Management. The goal of this research project is to help every hotel employee understand the relevance of staff training. Human Resources Management, Strategic Human Resource Management, and employee training are covered in the theoretical section. In the theory section, topics such as staff training, its value, and the benefits it provides are covered. The empirical element of the study includes both quantitative and qualitative methodologies of Fairfield by Marriott Hotel, with 53 respondents. The findings of the study indicate that employees do not entirely comprehend the need of personnel coaching; as a result, the hotel might undergo jeopardy if workers does not take training effort fully.

Keywords: - Human Resource Management, Staff training, Hotel industry

Abstract: Socio Economic Empowerment is thus the totality of capability like decision making, self-power, self-awareness and having access to resources to create one's life personal as well as community with an ability to change the mindset of society. A self-initiated process is to be designed for conversion from powerless to powerful and overcoming stigma. Control over resources and intrinsic capabilities can enhance greater self-confidence to overcome the external and internal barriers. Gender empowerment at social and economic level is removal of social challenges and gender-based discrimination. The process of women empowerment can be conceptualized in form of various aspects like socio political participation, economic independence, ownership, community leadership and ability to protect themselves. Economic empowerment means a continuous process which leads an individual towards opportunities and availability of economic resources like employment, financial services, skill development to ensure excess and liberty of control over economic decision making. Country like India where people are still poor and undeveloped specially in the rural areas, only think of a livelihood for economic stability. Income generation activity's purpose is to have forward and backward linkage with the broad objective of making individuals specially women with provision of training, a chance to become self-reliant. Social empowerment means a change in the power distribution and decision-making attitude with stable interpersonal relation and affirmative policies for social justice and equality so that an environment is created for development of women by realizing their potential.

Keywords: Social Advertisement, Socio-economic Empowerment, Spectators, Preference, Opinion.

+91-7667918914 iarjset@gmail.com 0 Items International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN Online 2393-8021 ISSN Print 2394-1588 Since 2014 Home About About IARJSET Aims and Scope Editorial Board Editorial Policies Publication Ethics Publication Policies Indexing and Abstracting Citation Index License Information Authors How can I publish my paper? Instructions to Authors Benefits to Authors Why Publish in IARJSET Call for Papers Check my Paper status Publication Fee Details Publication Fee Mode FAQs Author Testimonials Reviewers Topics Peer Review Current Issue & Archives Indexing FAQ’s Contact Select Page Online Learning: Challenges for Education in Rural and Remote Areas Namita Kumari Das, Snehaprava Sahoo, Lopamudra Pati ABSTRACT Educational institutes across India have been closed since mid-March 2020 due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Schools and colleges in rural, remote areas of India are experiencing unprecedented challenges due to the closure of institutions. Against this backdrop, the present paper explored the challenges of online learning in rural areas for all stakeholders. This qualitative investigation was conducted on two students, two parents, and two teachers in rural areas. The uniqueness of the study is that it analysed the challenges of online learning from the perspective of students, teachers, and parents. It is found from the study that online teaching-learning is challenging due to multiple factors such as lack of technical gadgets, poor network connectivity, and electricity problems. Lack of previous experience in online teaching is a major shortcoming for teachers. Parental literacy and student interest are other hindrances. Stress has been experienced by parents, students, and teachers due to the transition from traditional to online learning. KEYWORDS COVID-19. Online Learning. Rural Areas. Unprecedented Challenges Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8712 How to Cite: [1] Namita Kumari Das, Snehaprava Sahoo, Lopamudra Pati, "Online Learning: Challenges for Education in Rural and Remote Areas," International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), DOI: IARJSET.2021.8712 Copy Citation Call for Papers Rapid Publication 24/7 April 2026 Submission: eMail paper now Notification: Immediate Publication: Immediately with eCertificates Frequency: Monthly Downloads Paper Format Copyright Form   Submit to iarjset@gmail.com or editor@iarjset.com   Submit My Paper Author CenterHow can I publish my paper? Publication Fee Why Publish in IARJSET Benefits to Authors Guidelines to Authors FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Author Testimonials IARJSET ManagementAims and Scope Call for Papers Editorial Board DOI and Crossref Publication Ethics Editorial Policies Publication Policies Subscription / Librarian Conference Special Issue Info ArchivesCurrent Issue & Archives Conference Special Issue Copyright © 2026 IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Open chat

Abstract: Cement filled steel cylinder is a composite material which is as of now being utilized in the development of structures which is included a steel empty segment of round or rectangular loaded up with plain or strengthened cement. This postulation displays an investigation on basic conduct of cement filled steel tube in correlation with R.C.C Columns. An ANSYS model is created to foresee the conduct of cement filled steel cylinder to decide the minute conveying limit at extreme point for the Concrete filled steel cylinder bars are examined and confirmed by the limited component program ANSYS against trial information. The fundamental parameters influencing the conduct and quality of cement filled shafts are geometrical parameters, stacking, limit conditions and level of solid restriction. To represent every one of these properties ANSYS model is created. The principle parameters fluctuated in investigation study are trademark quality of in filled cement. The proposed model predicts extreme minute limit with regards to CFST bars. In the numerical investigation, round and square CFT cross areas are viewed as utilizing M25 evaluation of cement. The anticipated qualities are contrasted and test results. Numerical examination has demonstrated that for Circular CFST's a decent binding impact can be given. It is seen that diagnostic outcome from ANSYS are like trial results. It is seen that normal compressive quality CFST round segment is 1.7 occasions more prominent than that of RCC section and 1.57 occasions more noteworthy than that of CFST square segment with 3 mm thickness.

Keywords: Concrete filled steel tubes, R.C.C columns, circular tubes, square tubes, composite section, ultimate moment capacity, finite element analysis (FEA).

Abstract: In this paper we present idea related to Cricket stadiums. Cricket is one of the most popular game in this world. But one of the major problem that the Cricket stadiums are facing now a days is that the match gets either cancelled or delayed due to rain. So, to overcome this problem we are introducing a Rain detector with Alarm and also an Automatic Roofing System for the Cricket Stadiums. This system includes auto roof which covers the whole stadium. Whenever there is a rainfall the rain sensor activates and gives intimation to the Arduino UNO, GSM and it will indicate the LED to glow, buzzer to make sound and the servo motor will automatically closes the roof. At the same time message is sent to the connected mobile device regarding the rain alert. When the rain stops, the roof opens automatically.

Keywords: Rain Sensor, Arduino Uno, LED, Buzzer, GSM, Servo Motor.

Abstract: Security is most important factor in this digital world. With the advancement of technology, the criminals are trying to find new ways to perform the criminal activities. The technology advancement has led the world to another level, so the crime has also become more tech-oriented. In order to overcome this problem, we are proposing a laser-based security system and the intruder is unaware of the fact that a security system is installed in the entry positions like doors or windows. Laser based security system acts as an additional security layer which includes ESP32 CAM, LDR Module, Laser Module, Blynk Application to view the capture image of the intruder. Since laser light goes through long distance without scattering effects and the ray is almost invisible. When somebody crossover the laser ray the circuit senses the discontinuity and sends the captured image of the intruder along with notification alert to Wi-Fi connected device through Blynk Application.

Keywords: ESP32 CAM, Blynk Application, LDR, Security System, image capture, notification alert.

Abstract: A canny city is a forthcoming goal to have cleansing agent and better comforts for society. Most of the metropolises implemented the underground drainage system to maintain hygiene, healthy and fortification of cities. If they flop preserving the drainage system, clean water may get contaminated with drainage water might lead risky diseases. So, cleaning the drainage system is very important. Even nowadays sewage systems are cleaned by manually. Sewer gas remains an amalgamation of poisonous and harmful gases are collected in sewage systems. In this project we proposed a system to detects harmful chemicals and toxic gases by using a set of gas sensors like MQ-02, MQ-03, MQ-06, MQ-07 SENSORS are incorporated with Arduino nano and LCD display to identify toxic gases in system and then intimate the sewage workers about toxicity of gases before entering the manhole. We used sprinkler mechanism for detoxification treatment. If toxicity of gases exceeds threshold level actuator mechanism triggers sprinkler.

Keywords: Ammonia, Methane, LCD, Sensors, Sprinkler Mechanism

Abstract: In the era of rapid technological advancements, communication and information sharing has seen a major growth. Internet of Things (IoT) marks out a network of physical embedded objects (sensors, devices, networks, as well as different software technologies) that are used for exchanging data through different machines and networks on the Internet. Machine to machine communication has seen fast growth over the years and some protocols significantly in use are MQTT, AMQP and CoAP. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a lightweight protocol that supports a 'machine to machine' communication even with low bandwidths and high latency. MQTT follows a publish- subscribe model with a MQTT broker acting as the server used for communication. In this paper, we have used Paho MQTT client for publish and subscribe methods which is under the licensing of Eclipse Paho Project and Mosquitto MQTT broker -to design a terminal chat client that can establish communication between two laptops.

Keywords: MQTT, Chat client, IoT protocols, Paho MQTT Client, Mosquitto MQTT broker.

Abstract: - Working of a windshield wiper is a manual procedure which requires to be switched on to remove rainfall and debris from the screen. This does not only require driver's attention, but also, causes a certain level of discomfort to the driver and serves as a source of distraction which increases the risk of accidents. To offer comfort to the driver and essentially reduce the risk of accidents, an automatic rain sensing device has become a necessity. While such a device is available in the market, its high cost and other such limitations have made it less popular in the automobile industry. Aim of this work was to propose another such model in market that limits the cost while maintaining the efficacy. A rain sensor, a microcontroller and a driver integrated circuit (IC) are the major components used in the construction and seamless working of the proposed device. Falling water is quickly and precisely detected by the rain sensor which then transmits the signal to the second component i.e. microcontroller which in turn energizes the driver IC to switch the required motion of the wipers on. This device converts a cumbersome manual operation to a smooth automatic one.

Keywords: Rain-Sensing Wiper System, Multivibrator, Microcontroller, LED's

+91-7667918914 iarjset@gmail.com 0 Items International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN Online 2393-8021 ISSN Print 2394-1588 Since 2014 Home About About IARJSET Aims and Scope Editorial Board Editorial Policies Publication Ethics Publication Policies Indexing and Abstracting Citation Index License Information Authors How can I publish my paper? Instructions to Authors Benefits to Authors Why Publish in IARJSET Call for Papers Check my Paper status Publication Fee Details Publication Fee Mode FAQs Author Testimonials Reviewers Topics Peer Review Current Issue & Archives Indexing FAQ’s Contact Select Page SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM VISHWAS P, VINAY S Abstract- This project is for overall development of farming system in India bringing cheap technology in the hands of our farmers. For a very long-time farmers have been in problem for checking proper soil conditions to keep their crops safe and check to supply water every time and staying at their fields for whole day long in strong heat conditions, checking when to supply water to crops and when to stop the supply. Also, farmers have to take recommendation from agricultural experts paying extra price to them when they need proper directions but now with the help of this smart irrigation system farmers will have the benefit of staying back at home and looking for conditions of the soil through their mobile app and start/stop the irrigation as needed. Also the irrigation system will be automatic so the farmers can relax back after cropping the crops and start/stop the irrigation as needed. This will be one time investment for farmers as they will not have to concern agricultural experts every year while cropping their crops. Also, the moisture levels can be set by farmers based on the crop they are planting which they will get on their mobile app. So, economically there is one more profit in not investing on labour. To handle the irrigation process. Hence, we are giving the complete control over the crop field to the concerned farmer who can control the field after cropping their crops over growing period till harvesting. This gives a lot of relief to the farmers family. Keywords- Automation, thing speak, IOT, node MCU. Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8720 How to Cite: [1] VISHWAS P, VINAY S, "SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM," International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), DOI: IARJSET.2021.8720 Copy Citation Call for Papers Rapid Publication 24/7 April 2026 Submission: eMail paper now Notification: Immediate Publication: Immediately with eCertificates Frequency: Monthly Downloads Paper Format Copyright Form   Submit to iarjset@gmail.com or editor@iarjset.com   Submit My Paper Author CenterHow can I publish my paper? Publication Fee Why Publish in IARJSET Benefits to Authors Guidelines to Authors FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Author Testimonials IARJSET ManagementAims and Scope Call for Papers Editorial Board DOI and Crossref Publication Ethics Editorial Policies Publication Policies Subscription / Librarian Conference Special Issue Info ArchivesCurrent Issue & Archives Conference Special Issue Copyright © 2026 IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Open chat

Abstract: Shredded or floss is one of the ready-to-eat dry food which is usually made from meat. The type of floss that is suitable for vegetarians is shredded vegetable. Shredded vegetable is made from vegetable ingredients which contain lots of fiber that similar to meat fibers such as oyster mushroom and banana blossom. In this study, the manufacture of shredded vegetable made from several proportions of oyster mushrooms and banana blossom was carried out. The results of the analysis of the water content of shredded vegetable ranged from 4.85-5.31%, water activity 0.417-0.465, soluble fiber content 1.06-2.24%, insoluble fiber content 3.13-4.28%, lightness 25.66-29.66, chroma 3.31-6.25, and hue 23.34-62.48. The best treatment for shredded was found in the proportion of oyster mushrooms and banana blossoms with 90:10% (w/w), with an area of 61.1203, the level of preference for color (5.6875), taste (5.3375), aroma (5.3750), and appearance (5.7125).

Keywords: banana blossom, best treatment, oyster mushroom, physicochemical, organoleptic, shredded vegetable.

Abstract: Underwater wireless communication system makes use of two communication modules which transmits and receives data using infrared radiation. Each module consists of both transmitter and receiver which transmits and convert received data. Wireless infrared (IR) communication system is meant to use free space propagation of light waves as a transmission medium in near infrared band This system has many advantages such as is an inexpensive and the transmitter or receiver can be showed to another location with least distraction.This system is used for easy communication with transmitter and receiver in underground water.The system consist of acknowledgement receipt message that sent back from receiving circuit to the transmitting circuit on the message receipt. This allows for efficient communication between two circuits wirelessly this paper puts forward an effective way of secured under water communication.

Keywords: wirelesscommunication, underwater communication ,IR waves

Abstract: This paper describes an ultrasonic sensor that is able to measure the distance from the selected points of a motor vehicle. The sensor is based on the measurement of time of flight of an ultrasonic pulse, which is reflected by the obstacle. The sensor is composed of only low-cost components, thus being apt for distance measurement in many cases, and is able to self-adapt to different conditions in order to give the best results.

Abstract: This paper appeals to an effective way of saving electricity and does not required human labour. The lights are switched ON throughout the night time even when there are no vehicles on the road. This leads to lots of energy consumption. A method is proposed to overcome this issue where the street lights are not switched ON or OFF fully. The street light will glow with minimum intensity when there is no vehicle movement. If there is a vehicle movement, it is sensed and the street light will glow with full intensity automatically. IR sensor senses the vehicle movements. The control signal of sensor has been fed to the Arduino.

Keywords: IR sensors, LDR, Arduino, Vehicle movement.

Abstract: In today's world robotics has become one of the most used or relied techniques as it makes the world easy for humans. There are many types of robots such as Articulated, Delta, Autonomous robots and many more. There are many accidents occurring, using such robot in the car will help to safe many lives. In this project we use ultrasonic sensors, Arduino UNO board, servo motor, Bluetooth module. With the help of Bluetooth module, we can control the robot from the phone using android application. Sensors are used to detect the obstacles in its way and navigate the robot in the less obstacle way. Servo motor is used to rotate the wheels. The robot was tested placing in different distance and the robot gave the expected results.

Keywords: Arduino, Autonomous, Bluetooth, Servo motor, Ultrasonic sensors.

Abstract: In this paper we present the design and construction of a Automatic room lights controller with visitor Counter . This a reliable circuit that takes over the task of counting number of persons / visitors in the room very accurately and displays the actual number of people on the LCD and beeps a warning alarm when the number of visitors exceeds the capacity limit of the auditorium/hall and displays a warning message on the LCD. This avoids the congestion of people in a room/hall/auditorium which is a need in the present pandemic situation due to COVID-19. We have also implemented the circuit to control and monitor all electrical equipment's or appliances in the room/hall automatically based on the presence of the people present by the use of the Arduino has a main controller .The fan's speed is regulated according to the temperature in the room .If no one is present in the room the fans and lights are switched off automatically. By this we avoid the intervention of human/person to control electrical appliances like light bulbs, fans etc. manually. Here IR sensors are used to identify entry and exist of the people. This automation will save lots of electricity and economically cost effective to implement it.

Keywords: Arduino Uno, IR Sensors, Fan, LCD, light bulbs.

Abstract: All around India, the birds are a major threat in the area of college causing damage to buildings and college area, also make dirty human living areas. But now a day with the change of Technology. We would like to propose the model and prototype of the digital bird repeller system using IoT devices. This model is consists of the main functionality, a PIR sensor that will detect the bird and generate the sound using megaphones which will drive the bird away from the college area. This model aims to maximize the yield output & shows how IoT devices can help achieve this.

Keywords: Internet of things (IoT), PIR sensor, Arduino Megaphones, Battery, Amplifier.

Abstract: In 2019, our world was struck by a global COVID-19 pandemic which belongs to the Coronavirus family. the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has caused many death cases and affected all sectors of human life. With gradual progression of time, COVID-19 was declared by the world health organization (WHO) as a pandemic, which has led to increase in the significant burden on the majority countries, especially ones with poor health conditions and ones with slow responses. Here, we introduced a model that might be helpful to predict the spread of COVID-19. we've performed direct relapse, Multilayer perceptron and Vector auto regression strategy for want on the COVID-19 Kaggle dataset to examine the epidemiological case of the infirmity and pace of COVID-19 cases. Since the COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide, real-time analysis of epidemiological data is needed to help equip society with disease-fighting strategies.

Keywords: Covid-19, Pre-Processing, Classifier Algorithm, Feature Extraction, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), etc.

Abstract: This paper appeals to an effective way of finding space and managing the number of vehicles by using infrared sensors to identify vehicles entering and exiting complex parking lots. This fully automatic intelligent parking system is very simple and does not require complex codes or expensive equipment. This is a simple chart designed to help solve a specific problem. This automated system helps the driver to find the empty slots in the parking area and navigate to reach the desired place effectively by reducing search time This system is essential for large shopping malls, parking lots, data centers, and parking lots.

Keywords: Empty spaces, Automated, smart car parking system, IR sensor.

Abstract: According to the report given by 'Indian Vision Institute', it has been observed that nearly 40 million of people in India are visually disabled. Due to such population of people with disability, there is a demand for Assistive technology which can enable them to resume their daily tasks without reliance on their peers. In pursuit of devising such a usable and reliable technology, we are designing and developing a Voice Assistant which can help the visually impaired/disabled access their Gmail services effectively as most of the internet applications and services rely on emails for effective communication of information. This architecture will reduce the cognitive load of remembering and typing characters on a keyboard by a visually disabled/impaired user. It uses features such as speech to text & text to speech engines which are used to cut down many mundane tasks while accessing/operating an email application. With a successful implementation of this system, it can be utilized by anyone and everyone at their convenience. Our voice assistant is addressed as "EVA"(email voice assistant) which takes user commands. It is designed as a web-based chrome extension which uses an Interactive voice response method to simplify the user experience. This will assist users in navigating mail accounts through their voice to perform operations like read, compose, and send a mail, further it can be scaled up to perform other useful tasks such as deleting a mail, marking as unread etc. provided by Gmail or any other emailing client.

Keywords: Voice Assistant, Chrome extension.

Abstract: Nowadays human beings frequently need to transfer coins from one account to another. In such instances they want to visit bank or look for computer linked to net to get admission to the services supplied with the aid of net banking for reliable fund switch. This system proves to be without a doubt beneficial in such cases. As with the assist of this device the user just needs to enter the account information. For security, AES algorithm is used together with immediately verification and consistency check algorithm. These types of are performed for secure electronic fund transfer. For this reason, a person just wishes to visit any EFT centre, so that you can make the price. The transfer is done instantly the use of a single portable card. In this manner the user can make the fee securely as this device uses DES for protection and the switch is being accomplished right away. As quickly as the consumer card is scanned, it gets a SMS message. SMS includes OTP that's particular. All of the person needs to do is enter this OTP received which will increase stage of protection. After OTP the person needs to go into account info. This information is being encrypted using AES earlier than sending it over the community. Consequently, this gadget guarantees safety for electronic fund transfer the usage of AES. Current economic establishments have cashed in at the electronic business possibilities of the internet by using growing severe fee systems to satisfy diverse price provider requirements.

Keywords: AES, DES, OTP, Encryption, EFT.

Abstract: - Based on current circumstances around the world, there is major need of smart surveillance for security to detect weapons and alert the public. The objective here is to develop a prototype which will visually detect the weapons in real time videos and alert upon successful detection. We have worked around this using an algorithm called YOLO-V3. We used a custom dataset of weapons to implement this. The model was implemented to detect weapons in different scenarios with varied parameters like shapes and scales. Further we have integrated the same with twilio api which will send a call alert upon successful detection Keywords-YOLOV3; Armament detection

Abstract: This paper presents a scheme to monitor and control energy meter readings remotely. It facilitates the reading of energy meters without having to visit every house/organization. This system comprises a microcontroller that takes the readings and processes them at regular intervals and records them in its memory. This feature of remote monitoring is made available with the help of a GSM module that communicates the information regarding the meter reading to a mobile phone via an SMS. The present meter reading system does not involve the GSM module. The scheme proposed and tested in this paper avails the GSM infrastructure, its nationwide coverage, and the Short Messaging System (SMS) cell broadcasting feature to wirelessly transmit the individual house/organization power consumption readings as well as manage the connection line if the user wants to disconnect the power connection with the help of a relay This system is greatly helpful to the Electricity Department as it enables them to take the meter readings regularly with less human resources and also helps the user to remotely switch off the power supply to his house/organization.

Keywords: Electricity meter, Smart Energy meter, Electricity billings, GSM module, relay.

Abstract: Nowadays certain actions are taken to enhance the extent of cleanliness within the country. People are becoming more active in doing all the items possible to wash their surroundings. Various movements also are started by the govt to extend cleanliness. We will attempt to build a system which can notify the firms to empty the bin on time. In this system, we'll put a sensor on top of the rubbish bin which can detect the entire level of garbage inside it consistent with the entire size of the bin. When the rubbish will reach the utmost level, a notification is going to be sent to the corporation's office, then the workers can take further actions to empty the bin. This system will help in cleaning the town during a better way. By using this technique people don't need to check all the systems manually but they're going to get a notification when the bin will get filled.

Keywords: Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic sensor and ESP8266 Wi-Fi module.

Abstract: As we know, security has been major issue in today's scenario. LPG is main source of all fuel, gas leakage is a major problem in the industrial areas. Home security has become a major issue because of increasing gas leakage. One of the preventive method to prevent accidents associated with the gas leakage is using gas leakage detection kit. The aim of this paper is to introduce and design a gas leakage detection that will automatically detect, alert control the gas leakage. The system is based on a sensor that can detects gas leakage easily.

Keywords: LPG, Buzzer, Sensor, Gas leakage, Microcontroller.

Abstract: With an increased workforce, the ability to maintain attendance becomes too complex to be handled by a human or log entry books. Specially to maintain the entry and exit time. Current technologies like fingerprint and other bio-authentication systems require direct contact with the device. But in times like these, when the world is aware of a pandemic, it is important to ensure contactless mechanisms to register attendance. Instead of individually verifying each person, we need a quick mechanism to prevent unauthorized entries into the premise.

Keywords: Pandemic, contactless, attendance, workforce, bio-authentication, finger-print, authorization.

Abstract: In the process of crop production, there are several obstacles such as growth of weeds, lack of labour to prepare the land, and expensive equipment. We have developed a prototype of the robot that can be used for weeding, leveling and ploughing tasks. The project has been developed keeping the poor farmers in view. Hence an affordable system has been proposed. smaller, cheaper and efficient robot that can perform. The system also detects obstacles and avoids collision by taking a detour. An user-friendly webpage is developed to interact with the farmers. The webcam relays a live stream of the video onto the webpage for remote monitoring and also clicks snapshots which are processed inorder to identify the unwanted weeds and determine the percentage of weeds present in each snapshot.

Keywords: Agriculture Robot, Weed detection, Collision avoidance, Raspberry Pi

Abstract: Correlation of Nano capacitance with Electrical properties of Advanced materials explains Batteries store energy through an action. Capacitors store electricity. This generates once electrical charges in an exceedingly material are out of balance. Static electricity makes garments stay together in an exceedingly clothes dryer. If we have a tendency to bit a metal door handle on a hot, dry day, we have a tendency to might discharge it. Capacitors are superior to batteries as a result of they charge and discharge quicker, they conjointly don't weigh the maximum amount, don't use harmful chemicals, and last longer. Until now, their main disadvantage has been size. Whereas batteries are obtaining smaller, they need stayed large for ages

Keywords: Nano capacitance, Electrical properties, advanced materials.

Abstract: The significance of Electric Vehicle (EV) is unmistakably apparent as a feature of the drive towards better utilization of perfect and sustainable power and the decrease of hurtful outflows and particulates. EV is presently talked about so broadly, and the interest in expanding EV sending is extraordinary to the point that each workshop must know about the expanded need to deal with EVs. Pico is working with our accomplices and clients to guarantee that workshops can be as protected, proficient and compelling working with EV as they are with Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). In this Research paper, we can discover data about our PicoScope 4425A Electric Vehicle (EV) unit. It is intended to cover all vehicle types and powertrains and to give workshops a future-verification framework that covers vehicles with high-voltage batteries and engine frameworks.

Keywords: Electric Vehicle (EV),

+91-7667918914 iarjset@gmail.com 0 Items International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN Online 2393-8021 ISSN Print 2394-1588 Since 2014 Home About About IARJSET Aims and Scope Editorial Board Editorial Policies Publication Ethics Publication Policies Indexing and Abstracting Citation Index License Information Authors How can I publish my paper? Instructions to Authors Benefits to Authors Why Publish in IARJSET Call for Papers Check my Paper status Publication Fee Details Publication Fee Mode FAQs Author Testimonials Reviewers Topics Peer Review Current Issue & Archives Indexing FAQ’s Contact Select Page SMART CROP PROTECTION USING ARDUINO Varshini B.M, Sushma A.V Abstract - Agriculture has always been the primary and the most important sectors of Indian economy. Farmers are the back bone of one's country, so it is important for us to make sure he has the access to resources that are essential. Conventional methods like scare crows are used even today in an agricultural field to avoid birds and animals from feeding on growing crops. There are many loopholes in such ideas and so improvising agricultural security has become a major issue these days. Thus, this paper focuses on proposing a system which detects the intruders, monitors any suspicious activity and then reports to the owner of the field. It acts as an adaptable system which provides a practicable system to the farmers for ensuring complete safety of their farmlands from any attacks or trespassing activities. This is an Arduino Uno based framework utilizing microcontroller. This framework utilizes a PIR sensor to identify intruders close to the field and additional to it a smoke sensor to identify the smoke produced from the fire and a soil moisture sensor to detect the volumetric water content in the soil. Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8741 How to Cite: [1] Varshini B.M, Sushma A.V, "SMART CROP PROTECTION USING ARDUINO," International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), DOI: IARJSET.2021.8741 Copy Citation Call for Papers Rapid Publication 24/7 April 2026 Submission: eMail paper now Notification: Immediate Publication: Immediately with eCertificates Frequency: Monthly Downloads Paper Format Copyright Form   Submit to iarjset@gmail.com or editor@iarjset.com   Submit My Paper Author CenterHow can I publish my paper? Publication Fee Why Publish in IARJSET Benefits to Authors Guidelines to Authors FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Author Testimonials IARJSET ManagementAims and Scope Call for Papers Editorial Board DOI and Crossref Publication Ethics Editorial Policies Publication Policies Subscription / Librarian Conference Special Issue Info ArchivesCurrent Issue & Archives Conference Special Issue Copyright © 2026 IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Open chat

Abstract: The purpose of this proposed project is to design a programmable grass cutter with solar power which no longer requires time-consuming manual grass cutting, and that can be operated wirelessly using an Android Smartphone through Bluetooth from a safe distance which is capable of cutting grass within a range of 100m. The main focus was to design a prototype that can work with little or no physical user interaction. Also, with the assistance of sensors positioned at the front of the vehicle, an automatic barrier detection system is introduced to enhance safety measurements to prevent any risks. This model helps in reducing environmental and noise pollution.

Keywords: Grass cutter, solar power, android, Bluetooth, sensors.

Abstract: The world is suffering from pandemic diseases called covid-19 which is caused by corona virus. Until the virus become stable, no vaccine can entirely cure the disease. Till then we have to take care of your health. Our device will analyse the body parameter values like heart rate, oxygen level, respiration rate and temperature of the body. All sensors fetch values from the body and send it to IOT platform. Telegram app and BLYNK app are some of the IOT platforms. BLYNK app is used at patient end and telegram app is used as a doctor end. Since the device can be fitted inside the mask, there is a infrared sensor attached to mouth part of the mask. There is a emergency button fitted in the device used as a emergency caller. This device can be used by pregnant people and people aged above 60 as a useful device. Risk prevention and self-health monitoring is provided.

Keywords: covid-19, corona virus, heart rate, BLYNK, telegram, respiration rate, temperature, emergency button.

Abstract: The Taguchi method of quality control is an approach to engineering that emphasizes the roles of research and development, and product design and development in reducing the occurrence of defects and failures in manufactured goods. Stir casting is an economical method to produce aluminium matrix composites (AMCs). In the present work, Aluminium alloy AA7075 reinforced with various amounts (1, 2 and 3wt. %) of BN particles were prepared. The matrix alloy was melted in a furnace and stirred to form a vortex.BN particles were added to the periphery of the vortex and the composite melt was solidified in a permanent mold. The microstructures of the AMCs were studied using microscope. BN particles was observed to refine the grains and were distributed homogenously in the aluminium matrix. BN particle clusters were also seen in a few places. BN particles were properly bonded to the aluminium matrix. The reinforcement of BN particles improved the Wear analysis in Taguchi method of the AMCs.

Keywords: Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMCs), Particles Cluster, Taguchi Method.

Abstract: The current study was meant to created detailing on the Anti-inflammatory, and Analgesic action of Capsicum annuum, Mentha piperita, Curcuma longa, Syzygium aromaticum . Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are related with an excess of side effects and unfavourable medication responses. Steady utilized of NSAIDs produces gastrointestinal aggravation and another incidental effects on body organs like liver and kidneys. Mitigating, and Analgesic movement of Capsicum annuum, Curcuma longa, Syzygium aromaticum, Mentha piperita extract was recently covered distinctive experimental models. Capsicum annuum (chilli pepper) contains an assortment of carotenoids, including capsanthin, capsorubin, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, phytofluene, and xanthophyll, and steroids, including capsicoside. One of the primary constituents is capsaicin, which creates a serious consuming sensation when it comes into contact with the skin, eyes, or mucous films and which gives peppers their consuming taste. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) is a conventional flavour that has been utilized for food conservation and has different pharmacological exercises. S. aromaticum is wealthy in numerous phytochemicals as follows: sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, hydrocarbon, and phenolic compounds. Eugenyl acetic acid derivation, eugenol, and β-caryophyllene are the main phytochemicals in clove oil. Curcuma longa has been utilized for millennia as a cure in the conventional Indian and society medication for the fix of a huge assortment of ailments, like irritation, irresistible illnesses, and gastric, hepatic, and blood issues. Menthol from Mentha piperita (40-90 percent) is an element of numerous beauty care products and a few scents. Ointment formulation of these herbal drug shows a good result in all the evaluation test parameters such as General appearance, Consistency, pH, Spread ability, Extrudability, Diffusion study, Non irritancy test, & Stability study etc.

Keywords: Capsicum annuum, Mentha piperita, Herbal Ointment, Inflammation, analgesic.

Abstract: Heat as always been a problem in every country such as India. Doing work in a hot summer day can be tiring and are prone to make silly and unwanted mistakes. A smart portable air conditioner would be good item to have during these times. When doing work or event, the place could become stuffy and uncomfortable for technician or engineer therefore smart portable air conditioner can be a big relief to them as it can be carried from one place to another easily. However normal air conditioners are mostly marketed as fix and hard to change places whereas smart portable air conditioners are easily carriable from one place to another and is less costly as compared to normal air conditioners as well as the components of smart portable air conditioners are easily repairable unlike normal air conditioners in which the components to be repaired can prove to be very costly as well as time consuming. My aim is to make a Smart portable air conditioner that with the help of motion sensor would not only help to reduce electricity wastage but also that is affordable and reliably cool small confined for a limited amount of time and space. As well as it is eco-friendly as it does not release chlorofluorocarbons which normal air conditioners do which harms the atmosphere as it leads to ozone depletion.

Keywords: Design, simulation and fabrication, temperature variation.

Abstract: In this research replacement of cement with silica fume which is finer than cement yields higher strength and durability to the concrete structure. Steel fibers are used to enhance strength properties and ductility of concrete. The coarse aggregate replaced partially with the demolished waste aggregate of 50%. Cement with silica fume added in different percentages of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. Strength tests are conducted at 7 and 28 days for hardened concrete to evaluate the strength such as compressive and spilt tensile. The partial replacements of 10-15% of combined use of silica fume and fly ash allowed increasing the strength parameters.

Keywords: compressive strength, demolished waste aggregate, silica fume, split tensile strength test.

Abstract: This paper deals the fresh and hardening property of concrete made with M-Sand as sand and dolomite powder as cement replacement in different percentages of cement by dolomite powder is 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% fine aggregate by M-Sand is 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 by the weight of M40 grade concrete. The test specimens were cured and tested for compressive strength and split tensile strength in 7 and 28 days for concrete. The maximum strength is obtained for 30% replacement of M-Sand and 15% replacement of dolomite powder.

Keywords: Dolomite powder, M-sand, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength

Abstract: This project aims at designing THE DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM in which the traffic signal is changed according to traffic density using sensors. In recent times the traffic congestion has become a severe problem in many metropolitan cities. So, in this project we change the traditional traffic system or time-based traffic system to density-based traffic control system. Present day traffic system is based on the time based. This may render inefficient if one lane is operational than other. As the number of vehicles increase constantly and current resources & infrastructure being limited. This type of project is particularly important for future. Our project will demonstrate the optimization of traffic light using wireless sensors. With multiple junctions, the complexity increases as the state of one light influence the flow of traffic that reflects on many other nodes

Abstract: Water is very precious for the living beings and scarcity of the same is gradually increasing. Most of the cities in the country and that of the world are facing this problem. This is one of the motivations for the current work and to deploy techniques in order to save environment which in turn ensures water for the future. People generally worried about the wastage of water, when they switch ON the pump and forget to OFF them leads to overflow from the overhead tanks etc. Automatic water controller can provide a solution to this problem.

Keywords: Automatic, Overflow, Scarcity, Turn ON, Turn OFF

Abstract: In this modern age, due to the abundant applications in everyday life and manufacturing, Human Following Robots have been researched and actively developed over a long time. Different techniques such as robot control algorithms, human target detection, and obstacle avoidance are necessary for the human robot to function. Several human following robotic procedures have been used like the use of ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, laser range sensor, voice recognition sensor camera charging-coupled devices (CCD) and so on. These technologies can detect the particular location between the robot and the human. In this paper, we follow an approach for detecting the location of a human using an ultrasonic & infrared camera, which is the fundamental technique in the robot's human follow-up. In our project, the robot is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor which captures and detects an individual's distance from it and infrared sensor to detect the presence of any obstacle.

Abstract: Robotics is one of the emerging technologies in the current science field. Robots are nowadays being used in many different areas to make some complicated works easier in industrial areas, for military purposes, etc. Several universities are working in this field. A robot can perform many physical tasks using human control. Many robots are being developed to work in dangerous conditions which are impossible for humans to do directly, one of them is the Robotic arm. This research aim is to describe simple robot arms that must be controlled by human hand movements. The main component of the system is an accelerometer which depends on the gestures of the hands. With the accelerometer, the data signal which is received is processed with help of Arduino used. The microcontroller is the one that gives the command to therefore move in the desired direction. Here it has technologies of robotics and communications together used. The robot arms can be semi-autonomous which is being used to perform a variety of tasks with great accuracy.

Keywords: Robotics, Accelerometer, Microcontroller, Arduino

Abstract: -LCD display system is used at the public places for displaying day-to-day information continuously. The electronic notice board can display the important notices without any delay. The LCD display is easy to expand and it allows the user to display the messages at any time and at any location depending on the requirement. The electronic notice boards are being made through various devices like GSM, IoT and many more, here we are using GSM to display the notice on the notice board so the message can be transmitted and received from any place.

Keywords: -GSM, LCD Display, Arduino, Notice Board

Abstract: Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) is a high speed, wireless communication using light. It can be considered under optical wireless communication category. Data is transmitted through Light Emitting Diode bulbs whose intensity varies. Depending on this variation, communication occurs digitally. This technology has broad applications where the use of Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is restricted or banned. This paper aims to show the transmission of text data from one PC to another PC using Li-Fi which has more advantages than Wi-Fi. For e.g., Li-Fi also eliminates adverse health effects of using electromagnetic waves. Unless illumination is seen, data can't be hacked, therefore data transmission is secure.

Keywords: Light Fidelity, optical wireless communication, Light emitting Diode, Text data Transmission, wireless fidelity.

+91-7667918914 iarjset@gmail.com 0 Items International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN Online 2393-8021 ISSN Print 2394-1588 Since 2014 Home About About IARJSET Aims and Scope Editorial Board Editorial Policies Publication Ethics Publication Policies Indexing and Abstracting Citation Index License Information Authors How can I publish my paper? Instructions to Authors Benefits to Authors Why Publish in IARJSET Call for Papers Check my Paper status Publication Fee Details Publication Fee Mode FAQs Author Testimonials Reviewers Topics Peer Review Current Issue & Archives Indexing FAQ’s Contact Select Page REAL TIME MONITORING OF BRIDGE USING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY Sampath Kumar S,Chethana K S, Bhavana B S, Mamatha K S Abstract- The bridges get damaged due to aging or damage due to natural calamities, the people will remain unnoticed of it. Then the bridges will be a danger to travel as it can collapse anytime and leads to disaster. So, continuous bridge checking must be done for better bridge health. For solving this problem, a design for continuous bridge monitoring has been proposed using wireless IoT technology. This proposed design helps in monitoring bridges and can also be applied for flyovers. The design consists of monitoring devices as sensors like load sensor, water level sensor, vibration sensor and tilt sensor which are interfaced with communication devices. For storing the status of a bridge, a database is used. The processor is being used for calculation and analyzing the data which is received by the monitoring devices. The design monitors the real-time condition of bridges and flyovers. The proposed is implemented at a low cost. This project helps in monitoring bridges and can also be applied for flyovers. The design consists of monitoring devices as sensors like load sensor, water level sensor, vibration sensor and tilt sensor which are interfaced with communication devices. For storing the status of a bridge, a database is used. The processor is being used for calculation and analyzing the data which is received by the monitoring devices. The design monitors the real-time condition of bridges and flyovers. The proposed is implemented at a low cost. Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8755 How to Cite: [1] Sampath Kumar S,Chethana K S, Bhavana B S, Mamatha K S, "REAL TIME MONITORING OF BRIDGE USING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY," International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), DOI: IARJSET.2021.8755 Copy Citation Call for Papers Rapid Publication 24/7 April 2026 Submission: eMail paper now Notification: Immediate Publication: Immediately with eCertificates Frequency: Monthly Downloads Paper Format Copyright Form   Submit to iarjset@gmail.com or editor@iarjset.com   Submit My Paper Author CenterHow can I publish my paper? Publication Fee Why Publish in IARJSET Benefits to Authors Guidelines to Authors FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Author Testimonials IARJSET ManagementAims and Scope Call for Papers Editorial Board DOI and Crossref Publication Ethics Editorial Policies Publication Policies Subscription / Librarian Conference Special Issue Info ArchivesCurrent Issue & Archives Conference Special Issue Copyright © 2026 IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Open chat

Abstract: Human facial emotion recognition (FER) has attracted the eye of the research network for its promising applications. Mapping one of a kind facial expressions to the respective emotional states are the primary task in FER. The classical FER consists of two most important steps: feature extraction and emotion recognition. presently, the Deep Neural Networks, particularly the Convolutional Neural network (CNN), is extensively used in FER with the aid of distinctive feature of its inherent feature extraction mechanism from pictures. numerous works were reported on CNN with only some layers to clear up FER issues. but, wellknown shallow CNNs with straightforward getting to know schemes have restricted characteristic extraction capability to seize emotion data from high-resolution pictures. A notable disadvantage of the most current techniques is that they consider only the frontal pictures (i.e., ignore profile perspectives for convenience), despite the fact that the profile perspectives taken from different angles are essential for a practical FER system. For growing a highly correct FER system, this study proposes a completely Deep CNN (DCNN) modeling thru transfer learning (TL) technique wherein a pre-skilled DCNN model is followed through changing its dense top layer(s) well suited with FER, and the model is great-tuned with facial emotion data. a novel pipeline strategy is brought, wherein the training of the dense layer(s) is accompanied via tuning each of the pre-skilled DCNN blocks successively that has brought about gradual improvement of the accuracy of FER to a better level.

Keywords: convolutional neural network (CNN); deep CNN; emotion recognition; transfer learning

Abstract: In urban areas the water supply to residence and commercial establishments are provided at a fixed flow rate. There are incidents of excess water needed by certain customers/users. In this project it is proposed to develop an embedded based remote water monitoring by recording the flow rates at the consumer/user end. In order to implement the proposed water supply system, each consumer end should be provided with an embedded based water flow monitoring system consisting of a microcontroller to record the flow rate using a flow sensor and it is also provided with an electrically operated solenoid valve to supply water to the consumers. It is proposed to employ a NodeMCU MODEM so that if the water reaches the Threshold value message will be delivered saying that water bill has been generated.

Keywords: Water meter, flow rate, water supply, embedded microcontrollers

Abstract: "In this era of smart classroom technology, students are more demanding innovative university campus life, and willing to use innovative learning methods. IoT and Cloud computing technologies can provide solutions for smart and a sustainable campus to improve learning methods of the students and improve the efficiency of everyday activities in the Institution. This project focus on the IoT paradigm in the teaching process with the integration of Cloud for education system. IOT in education provide student to learn new technologies that helps the students to create new ideas and logical for the social problems. IoT based cloud computing technology provide intelligence system, unified campus portal services, security and maintenance system. The digitally connected campuses enhances student learning and environmental sustainability. Students can use smart phones, PDA to access their homework assignments and test performance through online portals. Video can be uploaded in the cloud, online video Lecturing enables Students to attend classroom lectures remotely. IoT devices are used to track students who Skip their classes, send alerts help students to concentrate academic work regularly, and to find lost personal items. Through Digital devices payments can be made easy at cafeteria, office and in other admin activities. The hardware component of IoT consists of microcontroller board, sensor module, wireless and wired connections. Using the software module the information to and from sensor modules is processed and transmitted to cloud storage. This paper describes how efficiently IOT and Cloud Infrastructure restructure the traditional education and learning methods.

Abstract: In India, 70% of its people are in the agriculture sector. The remaining 30% of people are an inseparable part of this field. Because from agriculture, we get various raw materials and especially crops, which serve as a staple food for people. But The crops and plantations get destroyed mainly due to two major reasons, first reason is destruction by natural calamities such as flood, earthquake, drought, famine, etc. and second reason is the destruction by the pathogens.98% of the destruction is caused by the pathogens and 2% of the destruction happens due to natural calamities. So, the need for the plant disease detection was felt. The traditional methods were inaccurate and not effective. So various researches in this field lead to inclusion of image processing for accurate detection of disease by using plant leaf. Various spots, patterns on plant leaf are useful in detecting the disease. Further advancement was use of digital image processing for more accurate result.

Keywords: Plant disease detection, Image processing.

Abstract: The Quine-McCluskey method is one of the popular method and is particularly used when both karnaugh method and variable entrant map (VEM) approach fails, it is useful in minimizing logic expressions for larger number of variables when compared with minimization by Karnaugh Map or Boolean algebra. It was developed in 1956 by Edward J.MC Cluskey. Karnaugh map could solve only for smaller variables whereas Quine Mc- Cluskey can solve for higher variables. Compared to other techniques, QM method is more executable and can handle more variables. The digital gates are basic electronic component of any digital circuit. Digital circuit should be simplified to reduce its cost by reducing number of digital gates required to implement it. To achieve this, we use Boolean expression that helps in obtaining minimum number of terms and does not contain any redundant pair. Karnaugh map (K-map) and Quine-McCluskey(QM) methods are well known methods to simplify Boolean expression. K-map method becomes complex beyond five variable Boolean expression. Minimization of Boolean function is able to optimize the algorithms and circuits. Optimization to Quine-McCluskey Method increases its performance by reducing number of comparisons between minterm list in determination of prime implicants. Modified Quine-McCluskey method (MQM) can be implemented to any number of variables. The concept that runs behind Quine McCluskey is the combining method approach. It has easy algorithm than Karnaugh, so it is efficient and can be easily implemented in computer algorithms.

Keywords: Quine mc-cluskeey algoritm, Xilinx ISE software, Filed programmable gate array FPGA, Karnaugh map, higher or larger variables.

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Abstract: In this paper, we made an analysis on the logic operations involved in conventional carry select adder (CSLA) and CSLA based on binary to excess-1 converter (CSLA-BEC) to study the data-dependency, and to find redundant logic operations. We have eliminated all the redundant logic operations of conventional CSLA, and proposed a logic formulation for CSLA. In the proposed scheme, the carry-select operation is scheduled before the calculation of final- sum, which is different from the conventional approach. To optimize the logic units, an efficient design is obtained for CSLA. Due to small carry-output delay, the proposed CSLA design is a good candidate for SQRT adder.

Keywords: Adder, BEC, Low power design, CSLA

Abstract: The ongoing health crisis around COVID-19 has affected all walks of life .like Health crisis; economic growth and development throughout world were greatly affected. India also declared a three-week nation-wide lockdown in last of March in the initial phase, which has subsequently been extended for achieving satisfactory containment of the virus spread. All the sectors in the economy were hit by COVID-19 and sericulture industry is also badly affected to this pandemic. In this connection, Sericulture farmers want to come out of the cocoon they have been forced into due to the long lockdown. It is not just these farmers; even silk reelers are under the impact of the pandemic. Reelers who produce silk yarn say the drastic fall in price has taken the sheen off the silk. Schedule was used to collect the data over online conference. The study was attempted to assess the economic impact of COVID-19 on profitability of sericulture enterprise in many states. Some farmers were randomly selected for data collecting on mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing from major sericultural districts of Punjab. Schedule was used to collect the data over tele-conference discussion and secondary data on cocoon arrivals and prices from market was also collected for the period one year 2019 - 2020. It was drastic fall in price of mulberry cocoon from the reelers due to lock down. As a result, farmers have incurred double loss i.e., they have not recovered cost of production and forgone the opportunity of getting usual net returns. Based on quantum of loss, the Government of Punjab should rescue the sericulture farmers through announcement of reasonable relief/ compensation which helps them to come out from COVID-19 shock.

Keywords: COVID-19, Cocoons, Mulberry Sericulture, Prices, Market.

Abstract: "This paper presents Smart Movable Road Divider for controlling the traffic congestion in metropolitan cities and to provide a free path for the ambulance. The work presented in this paper focuses on reducing the latency in traffic and free path for ambulance. The existing Road Dividers consists of equal number of lanes. Usually, in morning and evening peak hours the opposite side of the Road Divider is generally underutilized. To overcome this, Smart Movable Road Divider is implemented where the divider is moved based onthe density of the traffic using IR Sensors. If the density of the traffic is high on one side, the divider is moved to the other side. Then the density of traffic is stored in cloud which is possible through IoT. A free path for Ambulance is provided using RF Module by controlling the traffic signal. A Prototype is developed and tested for the Congestion control which also works on safety measures by intimating the drivers about the movement of the Divider.

Abstract: The goal of this research is to better understand how energy dissipates in reinforced concrete columns when they are subjected to seismic forces. During an earthquake, the structure is subjected to some energy demand. The load bearing components, such as columns, disperse the imposed energy demand. If the RC columns energy dissipation capability is greater than the demand imposed by the seismic activity then the structure is considered to be safe and if the RC columns energy dissipation capability is less than the demand imposed then the structure may get damaged. Hence the energy dissipation capability of an RC column is the major factor need to be studied during the seismic activity. The energy dissipated by the column can be found out from the hysteresis curve obtained by plotting force-displacement graph. It has been shown from previous research that the vast majority of study were conducted using a unidirectional loading protocol. This study investigates the impact of various factors on the energy dissipation capacity of a reinforced concrete column. From this research it has been found that with an increase in axial load ratio, the energy dissipation capability of an RC column decreases. As the transverse reinforcement ratio and displacement capacity increases, it results in rise of energy dissipation in an RC column. When comparing unidirectional loading with bidirectional loading, it is found that the higher energy is dissipated in case of bidirectional loading.

Keywords: Energy dissipation, Displacement capacity, Unidirectional loading, Bidirectional loading, Axial load ratio, Transverse reinforcement ratio

Abstract: Database clustering is now a widely used technique in DBMS, data warehousing, and data mining in contemporary scientific research. Clustering analysis plays an essential part in database technological development across the globe as a reference component of the database. Clustering covers the segmentation and deeper comprehension of the data structure in an unknown area, and is regarded as a critical problem for unsupervised learning. Due to its wide range of applications, clustering analysis has become a hot topic in data mining research. The popularity of data clustering algorithms has risen in recent years as a result of their widespread usage in a number of applications, including image processing, computational biology, mobile communication, medicine, and economics. The main issue with data clustering techniques is that they are not standardised. The main goal of cluster analysis is to keep objects in a cluster closer together than things belonging to other groups or clusters with similar characteristics, which are referred to as clusters. Its goal is to examine, evaluate, and analyse a few of the clusters that fall into the different cluster paradigm categories, as well as to offer a thorough comparison of efficiency, benefits, and drawbacks for a few common causes. This research also contributes to the correlation of certain key characteristics of an effective clustering method.

Keywords: Clustering LIFE CYCLE, .DBSCAN, optics, Data Mining.

Abstract: The global trade supply chain consists of container shipment of hundreds of millions of metric tons of deadweight. With the ever-increasing demand for a freight shipment, the need of the hour is optimized freight loading pattern and plan. This scholarly paper aims to optimize the loading pattern within a container to make space for more cargo making underutilization of space inside a container almost near to obsolete. In this paper, we have surveyed research papers that the existing system uses. The proposed way out to overcome the flaws is a model which is an amalgamation of Decision Support System (DSS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). This hybrid algorithm is first fed the container size and the number of different sizes of cargo individually. The input data will then run GA against a certain set of predefined target parameters. Upon multiple iterations, GA will generate multiple near-optimal solutions. This pool of solutions will be processed with the help of DSS to decide the optimal loading pattern. The optimal solution is fed in the form of coordinates to the Unity engine. The Unity engine will use the given coordinates to simulate a 3D optimized loading pattern inside a container. The user can see a step-by-step simulation of loading the cargo into the container where the cargo will be color-coded. This result can be stored to refer to and transport a similar cargo.

Keywords: Genetic Algorithm Optimization, Cutting and packing problems, Load optimization, cargo load planning

Abstract: The water levels in Krishna Raja Sagara (KRS) reservoir depended mainly on the southwest monsoon over Karnataka, especially at the Cauvery catchment area and its inflow. The Krishna Raja Sagara (KRS) reservoir with the gross capacity of 49.45 thousand million cubic feet (tmc ft) and maximum water level is 124.8 ft that quenches major cities of Bengaluru, Mysuru, Mandya and other 47 towns and 625 nearby villages for their daily needs. With water levels drastically receding during extreme hot conditions in the Cauvery basin, Bengaluru is more likely staring at severe drinking water shortage. Water scarcity issues may arise in upcoming years due to its demand especially in industrial sectors of Bengaluru city, low rainfall conditions, rapid evapo-transportation due to extreme summer seasons and global warming (?). The present work deals with the utilization of GIS based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique to delineate best sites to modify surface run-off through limited field visits. SoI toposheet, IRS-LISS-III and ASTER DEM data are collected to achieve present aim. All the important thematic layers have been digitized and overlaid one above the other to produce desired output in GIS environment. Each generated thematic maps have been assigned suitable weightages using AHP depending on the features priority to derive suitable sites for groundwater augmentation. The final results highlight the best sites for Artificial Recharge Structures (ARS) in decision making process which is a suitable model for similar geological terrain using AHP approach.

Keywords: Krishna Raja (K.R) Nagara; LISS-III; Geospatial Technology; ARS; AHP.

Abstract: The current examination centers around using the waste materials like wastepaper and flyash into practical structure blocks and reuse the wastepaper with no ecological issue to the general climate and the society. The examination was completed to assess the strength, durability and primary properties of flyash based papercrete building blocks. Then, at that point the outcomes were contrasted and those of ordinary blocks. The strength and solidness of concrete composites containing waste paper, flyash, have been concentrated exhaustively. The papercrete used to evaluate their compressive and split tensile strength.

Keywords: - Papercrete,flyash, compressive strength.

Abstract: The huge quantity of concrete is consumed by construction industry all over the world. In India, the conventional concrete is produced using natural sand from river beds as fine aggregate. Decreasing natural resources poses the environmental problem and hence government restriction on sand quarrying resulted in scarcity and significant increase in its cost. This paper presents the optimization of partial replacement of natural sand by M sand with silica fume. Concrete mixes were evaluated for compressive strength and split tensile strength. The ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced with silica fume by 0, 5, 7.5 and 12.5% and natural sand was replaced with manufactured sand by five proportions with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The results indicated that there is an increase in the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete at 30% of M-Sand and 7.5% of silica fume.

Keywords: M-Sand, silica fume, compressive strength and split tensile strength.

Abstract: The objective of the study is to compared the Managing Relation and Integrity in Individual and Team Sports. Total 100 players of Individual sports and 100 team sports were randomly selected as subject for the present study. Their age ranged from 18-25 years. Self design Questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. Descriptive statistics for all studied variables, T-test analysis, was considered statistically technique throughout the study and the level of significant was set-up at.05 level. Team Sports was found to have got more managing relations emotional intelligence as compared to Individual sports which means the Individual sports incur significantly less self managing relations emotional intelligence.

Abstract: The objective of the study is to determine the Self awareness and empathy characteristics of College going Sportsperson College going Non sportsman. Self-awareness may provide a help become happier and more productive sportsperson, and can help align the current life with your passions. Total 100 players of different sports discipline and 100 students who are not playing any other games were randomly selected as subject for the present study. Their age ranged from 18-25 years. Self design Questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. Descriptive statistics for all studied variables, T-test analysis, was considered statistically technique throughout the study and the level of significant was set-up at.05 level. The Players of different sports discipline was found to have got more self awareness as compared to students who are not playing any other games, However, No significant difference was found out in Empathy (t=1.56) of players of different sports discipline and students who are not playing any other games

Abstract: Text recognition in images is an active field of research that aims to create a computer program with the ability to interpret text from images automatically. There is a huge demand nowadays to store the knowledge available on paper records in a machine-readable form for subsequent use. One convenient way to store data in the computer system from these paper documents is to first scan the documents and then store them as images. It is, however very difficult to read the individual material and scan the contents of these documents line by- line and word-by-word to reuse this information.

Keywords: Text extraction, summarization, Voice over, OCR

Abstract: In recent days road accidents are increasing due to human errors such as drowsy driving, distractions and drunken driving have become the leading factors for the accidents. In this paper, an effort is made to build a real time system to detect drowsiness as well as the alcohol detection with subsequently alerting the car driver. The main aim of this proposed system is to reduce the number of accidents due to driver's drowsiness and alcohol intake to increase the transportation safety. This proposed system contains a 5-megapixel digital USB camera, Raspberry-pi loaded with Raspbian-OS, Alcohol sensor (MQ-3) is used to detect the breath alcohol content in percentage. If the intoxication level is above the threshold, buzzer gets triggered ON with a message being sent to the authorized person and simultaneously the engine is stopped using a relay. This system will perform some tasks like the alarm notification and switching off the car power source. The detection of drowsiness is carried out using an OpenCV-source, Haar cascade classifiers and canny edge detection.

Keywords: Raspberry pi, MQ3 sensor, USB camera, Haar cascade classifier, Canny edge detection, buzzer, relay, External ADC.

Abstract: Our natural resources are depleting and alternative materials as partial replacement would provide better strength and eco-friendly concrete having low CO2 foot print. Silica fume as mineral admixture in partial replacement of cement with different percentages of 0, 5,7.5 and 12.5% by weight of cement and to protect the natural sources like coarse aggregates, we are partially replacing coarse aggregates by steel slag of 0 ,10,20,30,40,50 and 60% by weight. In this study, concrete cubes and cylinders were casted by replacing cement alone with silica fume and coarse aggregates alone by steel slag and as well as combinations of optimum partial replacements of cement and coarse aggregate at a time. At 7.5% the optimum compressive strength with partial replacement of cement with silica fume and at 40% the optimum compressive strength with partial replacement of coarse aggregate with steel slag is achieved.

Keywords: - Compressive strength, Silica fume, Steel slag aggregates, Split tensile strength.

Abstract: In today world, Armour Industries are striving for the better safe body vests, having high impact energy & absorbing capacity. This project aims at studying various composite materials used in bullet-proof vests and to analyse their effectiveness by using FEM technique & advanced tools like Ansys. In this project, analysis was done for Kevlar vest by taking three different thickness of material and grades of Kevlar as 49, 29, and 149. And to identify the best one based on, total deformation, Equivalent stress and Maximum principal stresses.

Keywords: Solid-edge, Ansys, Principle stresses, Deformation

Abstract: Internal combustion engine are established as the main power source for automobile vehicles. At present emission norms because strict for any I.C Engine. The main pollutant are CO, HC, NOx, PM, soot etc. the aim of this work is to inject inject nanoparticle to reduce the emission norms like CO, HC, NOx, PM, soot and by using after treatment devices. Cerium oxide being oxygen buffering capability, especially in the nanosized form, hence when used as an additive in the diesel fuel it leads to simultaneous reduction and oxidation of nitrogen dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions, respectively from diesel engine. However , the work investigates the effect of ceriumoxide nanoparticles on emissions of diesel engine.

Keywords: Internal combustion engine, Nanoparticles, Nitrogen dioxide, Catalytic converter

Abstract: " Prosthesis is an artificial approach, which is used to replace a disabled body part. Prostheses are typically used to replace and provide supplement to disabled/defective body parts. Disabled body parts can be of any reason like lost accidently, birth physical disability etc. The main requirement is that its function should be as natural as real arm. There are various designs of artificial arm that are available in the market, categorized as electrical, mechanical and Myo-electric arm. Mechanical prostheses use some motion of the body to provide the power necessary to control the prosthetic component. Electrical arms activate the hand by a motor which is driven by micro switches and relays. This paper effectively focuses on the ease of use, cost effective and simple to handle prosthetic arm for economically challenged

Keywords: Prosthetic hand, Disabled, Arduino, low cost,3D printing.

Abstract: The purpose of this project is to fabricates and conduct experimental or analysis work on parabolic concentrated solar water heater with solar tracking system that can heat the water from nearly any sources, a system that is relatively cheap, portable, and depends only on renewable solar energy. The motivation for this project is there are many applications of solar thermal energy in different temperature range such as high temperature ranges (above 448K) medium temperature ranges (373K to 448K) and low temperature ranges (below 273K) and one more motivation is their application in agricultural and industrial process heat. Our project goal is to promotes the more and more use of renewable energy resources and to fabrication and analysis or experimental work on parabolic concentrated solar water heater with solar tracking system (manual tracking). Another objective of the project is to understand various components, various relation and equation related to making of solar parabolic collector, and also various relations related to tracking system such as plot sun path diagram, understand solar radiation geometry and also understand the estimation of average solar radiation and analysis of parabolic concentrating collectors. To interpret the results from tabulated values taken from observation. The project entitled Fabrication and analysis of parabolic concentrated solar water heater with solar tracking system consisting the two main works which are as follows: -1 - Fabrication works 2 - Analysis or experimental data calculation works. Fabrications works contains the different fabricated works such as making of parabolic shaped rib skeletons which provide supports to the reflecting surface (such as steel reflecting sheet and chromium reflecting sheets), making of parabolic trough collector, receiver tubes fitting, and making of balances system to provide balances to the system. The analysis or experiment work is conducted with water as a working fluid and reading taken for different flow rates and reflecting surfaces. The calculated values will be tabulated, graphs will be plot and hence efficiency and their performances will be determined for the experimental setups.

Keywords: Parabolic concentrating collector, sun path diagram, solar geometry, Manual tracking system, Parabolic rib skeletons.

Abstract: Smart Cradle System using IOT which help's the parents to monitor their child even if they are far away from home. They can also detect every activity of the baby from any corner of the world. Nowadays the number of working mothers has greatly increased. Therefore, baby care has become a daily challenge for many families. Parents cannot monitor their baby continuously therefore most of the parents send their baby to their relatives or baby care houses. The design of Smart Cradle supports video monitoring. Cradle swings on detection of baby cry sound. This system considers all the details which are required for the care of the baby.

Keywords: Internet of things (IoT), Smart Cradle, Baby Monitoring, Cry Detection, Sound & Humidity sensor.

Abstract: The solar panel works, when sunlight imparts on surface of solar panel. Amount of light that impart on solar panel is directly proportional to the energy generated through it. More the light that imparts more is the power generation. Due to the upwards angle of solar panels, there is lot of collection of dust and bird excreta. This reduces the amount of light that impact on the panel and reduces the panel output hence efficiency gets decreased. The solar panel manufacturers and installers claimed about the projected energy figures that based on the optimum performance of clean solar panel. Due to increasing the dirt on solar panel that can adversely affect the panel's ability to achieve desired output. This is a big challenge in this area; so it is necessary and important to clean the solar panel in order to protect and get more power output. So we have designed and developed the automatic machine which will clean the solar panel and improve the panel efficiency & thus reducing the human effort. This low cost solutions very useful in the sector of non conventional energy.

Keywords: Microcontrollers , AutoCAD 2D 3D, solid Works , Limiting Switches .

Abstract: This study proposes a prototype for an asthma monitoring system that consists of a band and a smart inhaler that may be utilised by asthma sufferers via the Internet of Things. The band is a little gadget that detects various irritants in the environment surrounding the patient in order to identify any indicators of asthma episodes or an unhealthy environment. As a result, asthma patients may determine whether or not the atmosphere around them is safe, allowing them to take necessary action. Additionally, the gadget has the capacity to send data to a physician for follow-up on the patient's situation, as well as a display that shows the ambient condition around the patient. Furthermore, using ThingSpeak, the band gadget shows data reordered in daily testing, allowing the patient and physician to assess improvement from prior days. According to the suggestions of physicians and telemedicine professionals, the band gadget is also linked with medical criteria. Finally, the smart bronchodilator is linked to the band to make it easier to locate.

Keywords: Asthma, IOT, Arduino, ESP32, Sensors, ThingSpeak, Machine Learning.

Abstract: This paper investigates the modelling and hydro dynamic analysis of sub merged marine propellers. The model analysis is based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using fluent software. The method of meshing and the effect of mesh size are studied in this paper. Moreover, different propeller models and methods are explained; and the best setting for obtaining the accurate result are presented. The performance curve of the propeller obtained by CFD are compared and verified with the analytical result. The pressure and velocity contours around the propeller also presented.

Keywords: propeller,CFD,hydro dynamic

Abstract: Nowadays, Material engineering has progressed by far into various super materials or advanced materials. MCE materials are one such example. These materials are those which exhibit temperature change properties when magnetic field applied onto them. Also known as adiabatic demagnetisation, this field is being worked upon by many material scientists to find a better way to refrigeration. In this paper, we have proposed two composite materials which may show Magneto-Caloric effect after fabrication. Since we didn't had a reliable way to confirm their magneto-caloric effect by software analysis, we have done some calculations based on mechanical properties and compared them with Rare earth metals - Gadolinium and Germanium

Keywords: Magneto-Caloric Effect (MCE), Magneto-Caloric materials, Magnetic Cooling, MCE Composites, Rare earth metals, Magneto-Caloric composite materials.

Abstract: The present set-up of bio-medical applications stresses on the cost effectiveness and eco-friendly nature of Nanoparticles which are very well answered by silver nanoparticles making it a front runner towards the biomedical investigation and assay. For this purpose, in this study, we aimed to synthesize the silver nanoparticles (AgNps) using chemical reduction method, a Partial Green Synthesis involving Ascorbic acid a form of Vitamin-C. The Synthesized AgNps were characterized using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM. The antimicrobic studies included the bactericidal and fungistatic evaluation of AgNps on bacterial strains S. aureus, S. mutans and the fungal strains of A. niger, C. albicans. Norfloxacin a standard antibacterial drug and Griseofulvin a well- known antifungal drug was used as standards for the study. Cytotoxic evaluation was conceded using protocol of Meyer et al (brine shrimp bioassay). The DNA dissociation activity of synthesized AgNPs was studied. The AgNPs were found to be more susceptible towards the bacterial strains as compared to the fungal strains.

Keywords: Silver nanoparticles (AgNps), Cytoxicity, DNA cleavage, Norfloxacin, Griseofulvin.

Abstract: In general, value addition refers to adding economic value to a product. Value-added food items are being developed to address calcium and vitamin D deficiencies. Blood coagulation, neuromuscular transmission, and muscle contraction all require calcium. Tetany, rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis are some of the consequences associated with calcium deficiency. Vitamin D, on the other hand, is essential for cell growth, immunological function, and bone mineral density maintenance. Processed egg shell and sun dried mushroom have recently been added to the list of calcium and vitamin D sources, respectively. Eggshell is made composed of 94% calcium carbonate and has been shown in studies to help people with osteoporosis boost bone density and reduce discomfort. On other side since ergosterol is found in milligram amounts in mushrooms, converting a modest amount of ergosterol to vitamin D results in a nutritionally significant rise in vitamin D.

Keywords: Value addition, calcium, vitamin D, egg shell, mushroom

Abstract: This project is a Prototype model of "TRI - STAR WHEEL ROVER". This project describes the mechanical design and development of Tri-Star wheel system for surveillance mobile robot. The robot will be used to enter potentially dangerous disaster site in search of human survivor and to collect some related information for rescue team. Surveillance mobile robot need to be able to overcome natural and virtual obstacles such as stairs which are the most known obstacles in the collapse buildings. The vehicle has four set of wheels arrangement to support its weight when it moves over the flat terrain. Each wheel frame consists of three sub-wheels attached with the sun wheel through three idle gears.

Keywords: Tri Star wheel., transporter, flat terrain etc.

Abstract: Nowadays, the Environmental pollution is one of the greatest problems the world is facing which is causing grave & the damage which is not reparable to the world & about 40% humans have died due to air, water & soil pollution. India is now 4th country in the world to generate nearly 2,454,938 kilo tones is carbon dioxide per year. To reduce the carbon emission we can use a material which is called carbon nanotubes (cnt's ). Carbon nanotubes are the materials which have special properties & great potential in various Civil engineering structure. We can convert the waste gases coming from the industrial & automobile or vehicular exhaust or furnace into nano particles called carbon nanotubes which is almost three thousand times stronger than steel & one sixth of its weight. Carbon nanotubes are currently receiving more interest because is it's extremely good mechanical properties & are now know to be materials of 21st century. In the present study the effect of addition of carbon nanotubes on properties of concrete to be studied. And the comparison between carbon nanotubes & conventional concrete will carry out.

Keywords: Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's), Carbon Dioxide, Nano-material, Durability and Strength.