VOLUME 5, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2018

Abstract: MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) which is well known as infrastructure less network finds its application in situations where setting up of network should be impromptu. But this advantageous aspect of MANET can be used as a weakness to intrude into the system. That's why it becomes very important to tackle this scenario. In this paper two of the major attacks i.e. Black hole attack and Gray hole attack are discussed. First is active kind of attack in which malicious node participates actively whereas later one is passive attack, which is difficult to detect because malicious nodes do not drop the packets every time. So, it is quite evident that first one is eliminated and later one is prevented. This paper attempts to put forward all such aspects of MANET.

Keywords: Black hole attack, Gray hole attack, MANET

Abstract: Image Segmentation is one of the emerging trends in the field of image processing. It has found applications in the field of satellite imagery, medical applications etc. Image segmentation helps in the segment the images into sub-regions which are of our interest which can be analyzed individually. Mechanically detecting buildings from satellite images has a lot of potential applications, from monitoring movements of populations in remote areas to evaluating the available surface to implant solar panels on roofs. Image segmentation is the basic step to analyze images and extract data from them. Along with the various image processing techniques in the image, segmentation is edge detection, Thresholding, region growing, and clustering is used to segment the images. The image Segmentation algorithms are based on two properties similarity and discontinuity. These papers focuses on the various methods that are K-means Clustering, Back Propagation Algorithm of ANN, U-net algorithm, Thresholding technique and active Contours for satellite image segmentation and evaluate the best method in satellite image segmentation using various performance parameters like Correlation Ratio and segmentation accuracy widely used to segment the image.

Keywords: Segmentation, Edge detection, Thresholding, Back Propagation, Clustering, Region Growing

Abstract: The major requirement for communication is the Bandwidth which is very limited. And for effective utilisation of the bandwidth Cognitive Radios (CR) are used which are is also called Software Defined Radios with inbuilt intelligence, which are used to reduce the burden in the electromagnetic Spectrum. The cognitive radio efficiently allocates the License Bands to Unlicensed user when the licence band is not being used the licensed user which is called the primary user (PU) and the Cognitive Radio user which is called the Secondary User (SU) which may co-exist together in the spectrum bandwidth provided that the secondary user does not interfere with the primary user in the communication process. This is done by the process of Spectrum Sensing which is the very important part for any Cognitive Radio and for the Sensing various techniques are used. This paper presents the concept of Cognitive Radio network and the review of the two techniques which are Cooperative and Non-Cooperative spectrum sensing techniques the paper also highlights the main advantage as well as disadvantage of cognitive radio networks and its future scopes.

Keywords: PU (Primary user), SU(Secondary User), CRN(Cognitive Radio Network), Spectrum Prediction, Activity Modelling , CR(Cognitive Radio)

Abstract: In communication system, the combination of MIMO and OFDMA system is the most promising technology for high bit rate provided for the next generation wireless communication network. This paper presents a review on the structure of MIMO antenna; In MIMO system more than one antenna is used for communication by which capacity and ranged of the system is increased. In MIMO system antennas are used in both transmitter and receiver to improve the communication performance, whereas the OFDMA is the multicarrier multiple access method. MIMO-OFDMA is commonly used for communication system due to its high transmission rates and robustness against multipath fading

Keywords: MIMO, Wireless Communications, Channel Coding, OFDMA

Abstract: Ionizing background radiation was recorded from 390 residential premises within 12 estates in Mombasa County, Kenya, to determine the levels of indoor ionizing radiation relative to the WHO recommended annual threshold. Most premises revealed increased levels of radiations with the highest level of ionizing radiation recorded in Mkomani, indicating a 61% deviation from WHO recommended standard. The results reported in this study reveal a possible environmental hazard emanating from exposure to indoor ionizing radiations. Whereas other activities including those involving hydrocarbon industry can elevate the ionizing radiation levels of the environment, this study recommends a baseline survey of the level of ionizing radiation of quarries around Mombasa county in order to determine the extent to which quarry stones contribute to rising levels of ionizing radiations in the environment in Mombasa county.

Keywords: Ionizing Radiation, premises, cancer, stones

Abstract: Even if India is on the way to a modern country, the thinking about women's is still the same in many states. Women's are as educated as men's and as successful as men's but working and travelling of women's in late night is a still a concern. How they can save themselves from kidnapping and raping. Now a day's many modern ready products are available which are wearable and can help in saving a life. For example pepper spray is available everywhere in shops. This paper is a survey on such products which can be used anyone for the purpose of alerting concerned authorities.

Keywords: Safelet, Pepper spray pistol, safety torch with shock effect, Safety rod, Personal Alarm Wristlet, Revolar

Abstract: The purpose of the business planning of Pademangan Regional General Hospital is to improve the class from class D to class C. Hospital also implements social function, as well as considering the benefits because the class C hospital tariff is higher compared to class D hospital tariff. Considering the existing requirements, Pademangan Regional General Hospital can be upgraded to class C because it has been accredited in 2016. The number of human resources is appropriate with the support of the Regional Government and the Provincial Health Office of DKI Jakarta.

Keywords: Class improvement, SWOT analysis, Ministry of Health regulation number 56 of 2014.

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks are sparsely connected sovereign gadgets, which are incorporated with the sensors. They are deployed in amidst of the monitoring of physical environments. WSN system makes and interconnection between the wired and wireless nodes. A sensor node incorporates the ambient, temperature, humidity and pedometer aspects whichever can be incorporated based the circumstances. Higher number of signals involved needs proper routing channels to achieve successful communication.Routing is a process of divide and conquer technique, which initiates in transferring information through various routes and receiving packets at destination and reassemble them in order to achieve better communication. This research proposes an algorithm, which focus on proficient energy handling in routing of the WSN sensors. The proposed algorithm focuses on the dynamic cluster head selection and proficient handling of the energy.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Weight Based Clustering Algorithms (WCA)

Abstract: The development of Information Technology has seen a big boom in the banking industry. With E-banking, the bricks and mortar structure of the traditional banking gets converted into click and portal model, thereby giving the concept of E-banking a real shape. Thus, today's banking is no longer confined to the branches. Customers are being provided with additional delivery channels which are more convenient to customers and are cost effective to the banks. The researcher has identified that the other researchers have carried on their research and given suggestions based on Parasuraman Zeithml model, which is a traditional one. Banking has undergone many innovations due to technology up gradation. The Cronbach's Alpha Criterion was applied to test the reliability. the alpha scores on reliability, responsibility, tangibility, assurance, empathy, efficiency, fulfillment and privacy are significantly higher than 0.75. This indicates items used for mentioned services quality dimensions are highly reliable. Hence, the researcher has found this to be the gap. Along with the traditional model SERVQUAL, the E-QUAL Model has been combined in this research work.

Keywords: E-banking , Servqual, E-Qual , Customers

Abstract: A Loop wheel is a wheel with integral suspension, designed for higher shock-absorbing performance and better comfort. Loop wheels offer you a smoother ride. They're more comfortable than usual wheels: the carbon springs absorb exhausting vibration, in addition to the bumps and the shocks. They're extraordinarily robust and durable. Material used for manufacturing loop wheel springs is composite material which carefully developed to offer ultimate compression and lateral stability as well as durability. Specially-designed connectors attach the springs to the hub and rim. The three loops in every wheel work along as a self-correcting system. This spring combination between the hub and the rim of the wheel provides better suspension that steadily adjusts to uneven terrain cushioning the rider from abnormalities in the road. In effect, the hub floats inside the rim, adjusting continuously as shocks from the uneven road hit the rim of the wheel. The spring configuration permits the torque to be transferred smoothly between the hub and the rim.

Keywords: Loop wheel, springs, hub and rim, shocks

Abstract: Soil corrosion is a serious threat to the integrity of buried structures such as underground storage tank and many other structures. So evaluation of subsurface soil corrosivity using electrical resistivity methods was carried out, with focuses on the assessment of corrosivity probability of the subsurface layers. A shallow geophysical investigation for the corrosivity of subsurface soil at a proposed filling station site in Akure using 2D electrical resistivity imaging profiling was conducted to produce an approximate model of the subsurface resistivity. A total of three horizontal profilings involving the Wenner array 2D imaging was established in the East-West directions of the site investigated and was used to generate 2D pseudosections for the study area. The pseudosection results revealed the corrosivity status of the subsurface soil in the area based on their resistivity values. To further study the corrosive nature of the subsurface soil in the area, a total of thirteen vertical electrical soundings (VES) using modified Wenner array method called specialized engineering spread was used. This method also revealed a three to four earth layer model which the resistivity of the first layers ranging between 23 and263Ωm, second layers between 52 and 376Ωm, the third layers between 37 and 1874Ωm, while the fourth layers ranges between 470 and 2170Ωm. The depth ranges for the layers showed that the first layers has a depth range between 0.6 and 1.73m, the second layers with range between 1.7 and 8.9m, while the third layers was between 3.9 and 5m. Columnar sections were also generated to further look into the variations in the resistivity within the depth penetrated. Results obtained from various techniques adopted revealed the suitability of the second and third layers for the burial of the storage metallic tank. But with layer three most suitable.

Keywords: Electrical resistivity,Corrosivity Isopach map, Geoelectric layer, Steel pipe, Rust

Abstract: Destitution has become a crucial subsidiary of family problems and issues in India. Destitute woman is considered to female without ample support who is abandoned, widowed or left alone without any care and support. Destitute women are facing several social disadvantages that either follow preceding ones or the issue of serious problems with awareness, affect, and behavior in our society. Short Stay Homes (SSHs) were set up with an objective to rehabilitate the women in distress into the main stream of society and empower them psychologically as well as with skills to lead independent normal life. Rehabilitation and follow-up are vital components of the scheme. This article discuss about the impact of crime and the status of destitute women and the role of Short Stay Homes in India.

Keywords: Destitute Women, Distress, Short Stay Homes (SSHs), Rehabilitation