VOLUME 3, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2016

Abstract: It is possible to discuss Gaudí's various productions and to study them from a certain perspective, not only within the boundaries of personal interests in those works from the structural aspect, but also due to that being a pointer for solving current problems i. When inspecting those works we may identify the concepts that all of Gaudí's productions are based on. In fact, many architects today, especially those interested in the topics of the new pioneer movement, in addition to the general public, have shown increasing interests, as Gaudí's connecting points are linked with the majority of studies today in many countries. They have noticed, for example, the role of manual production and participation themes. In addition, the aesthetic research results for Gaudí contain many motivations that we feel that are still considered to be fertile, which lead us to rediscover him again and again. We shall discover that there is a renewable request to this manual artistic aspect, or in other words, the manual culture that can be observed in many fields of design. Now we will studying one of the most important works by Gaudi in architecture and interior design (Casa Batallo).

Keywords: Gaudí's, Architecture, Interior Design, Casa Batallo, Manual Culture.

Abstract: For the two samples scale problem, we have considered the ten existing tests viz. F-test, Mood test, Ansari-Bradley test, Siegel-Tukey test, Lepage type test, Cramer-Von-Mises test, Kamat test, Wald-W test, Wald-R test and Levene test. To study the performance of these tests we generate data from the distributions viz. Normal, Exponential, Double Exponential, Logistic and Cauchy. We have calculated the empirical level under null situations and power under alternative situations taking various combinations of scale parameters and sample sizes using simulation technique. We also simulated critical values for Kamat test, Wald-W test and Wald-R test for some sample sizes. Results are displayed in various tables and graphs. Discussion and conclusion are made on the basis of results obtained.

Keywords: Mood test, Ansari-Bradley test, Siegel-Tukey test, Lepage type Test, Cramer -von Mises test, Kamat test, Wald-W test, Wald-R test, Levene test, Simulation study, Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Distributions.

Abstract: A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-organized collection of mobile nodes which communicate with each other without the help of any fixed infrastructure or central coordinator. A node intending to communicate with another node that is not within its communication range, takes help of intermediate nodes to relay its message. The topology of the network dynamically changes over time as nodes move about, some new nodes join the network or few other nodes disengage themselves from the network. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are used in MANETs to monitor activities so as to detect any intrusion in the otherwise vulnerable network. Communication has become very important for exchanging information between people from, to any time via mobiles. MANET is a group of mobile nodes that form a network independently of any centralized administrator for communication. Since those mobile devices are battery operated and extending the battery lifetime has become an important aim. Most of the researchers have recently started to consider Power -aware development of efficient protocols for MANETs. Also the nodes in the network are moving if a node moves out of the radio range of the other node, the link between them is broken. so we presented an original solution called IMAPC - MAC Protocol(Improved Autonomous Power Control) In this paper, an efficient scheme for analyzing and optimizing the time duration for which the intrusion detection systems need to remain active in a mobile ad hoc network is presented. A probabilistic model is proposed that makes use of cooperation between IDSs among neighborhood nodes to reduce their individual active time. Usually, an IDS has to run all the time on every node to oversee the network behavior. This can turn out to be a costly overhead for a battery-powered mobile device in terms of power and computational resources. Hence, this work is to reduce the duration of active time of the IDSs without compromising on their effectiveness.

Keywords: Adhoc Networks, Intrusion Detection, Energy efficiency, MANET, IMAPC-MAC protocol.

Abstract: This project is a new graphical password scheme. This increases the security. User can set the password in the form of image. User presents this image to a system camera and then enters their password as a sequence of selection on live video of object. In existing system cloud data storage and its access in done by using text password which is combination of numbers, characters and special symbols that why these password are the easily guessable and easy to hack. Because of this drawback we are propose to a new solution and that is graphical password security. In that we are going to use the image processing concept for login purpose. To achieve that goal we store one sample image of object and password as the part of that image.

Keywords: Loci metric Password Schemes, Multifactor Authentication Schemes, Live face, PassBYOP, Feature extraction, Physical tokens, click points, Security

Abstract: Critical pressure is one of the most important physical properties of the petroleum fractions, which commonly considered in compositional modeling studies and phase behavior calculations. This paper presents a comparison study among ten different correlations used to calculate the critical pressure of undefined petroleum fractions. A new correlation was developed for calculating the critical pressure of petroleum fractions as a function of the number of carbon atoms with an average error of 0.933977 % and correlation coefficient of 0.999585.

Keywords: Critical pressure, petroleum fractions, Compositional Modeling Studies, Phase Behavior Calculations.

Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of different cooling conditions and varied tool rotations upon the weld quality of aluminium samples carried out by friction stir welding (FSW) process. In this work, aluminum alloy A356 samples were friction stir welded under air cooling, water cooling, lubrication oil cooling and nitrogen gas cooling at two different tool rotation speeds of 900 rpm and 1100 rpm. The study carried out is through experimental investigations. The effect of these processing parameters on mechanical properties and micro structural properties of welded joint are studied. Cooling the samples by liquid nitrogen or by lubrication oil was found to decrease the heat input during processing which limits the grain growth during the process. The decrease in heat input resulted in reducing the microscopic voids in the material leading to an increase in micro hardness and improvement of tensile properties. It was found that good machining properties can be achieved at the relatively higher rotational speed when no cooling condition is applied i.e. FSW is done in air. However, the best results out of all the samples were produced by liquid nitrogen cooling under tool rotational speed of 1100 rpm as it showed higher tensile.

Keywords: Friction stir welding, microstructure, cooling conditions, rotational speeds.

Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of different cooling conditions and varied tool rotations upon the weld quality of aluminium samples carried out by friction stir welding (FSW) process. In FSW parameters play an important role like tool design and material, tool rotational speed, welding speed and axial force. The processing is controlled by different parameters, such as tool rotational speed, feed rate and processing medium. Controlling these parameters helps to improve the mechanical and micro structural properties of the samples. Friction stir welding at tool rotation speeds of 600 rpm, 900 rpm and 1200 rpm using two cooling conditions normal water and nitrogen gas was successfully done. This improved the tensile and micro structural properties compared to parent material. Cooling the samples by nitrogen gas was found to decrease the heat input during welding which limits the grain growth during the process. The decrease in heat input resulted in reducing the microscopic voids in the material leading to an increase in micro hardness and improvement of tensile properties. It was found that good machining properties can be achieved at the relatively higher rotational speed when no cooling condition is applied i.e. FSW is done in normal water. The best results out of all the samples were produced by nitrogen gas cooling under tool rotational speed of 1200 rpm as it showed higher tensile strength of 260 MPa, fine grained micro-structure, better micro hardness value of 141 Hv and impact strength 14.6 Nm.

Keywords: Friction stir welding, microstructure, cooling conditions, rotational speeds.

Abstract: Work-Life Balance (WLB) is a daily effort to make time for family and demands of the workplace. Increasing attrition rates and increasing demand for work-life balance have forced organizations to look beyond the commonly adopted HR interventions. In this context, this research work makes conscious effort at putting forth issues concerning WLB and its impact on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of workers in garment industries. This research is an attempt to find out the level of work-life balance of employees working in garment industries. The study reveals that there is a relation between work life balance and job satisfaction; work life balance and employee commitment towards the organization.

Keywords: Work- Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, Employee Commitment.

Abstract: Data mining is the general term for processing that is found in data schemas, usually with the help of powerful algorithms to automatically search for parts of the process. These methods come from disciplines such as statistics, databases, learning (IA) machines, pattern recognition, neural networks, visualization, high performance and parallel computing. The goal of data mining is that it is the conversion of data of facts or words that can be handled by computer knowledge. Today, dependency on data in medical care is increasing. The medical industry generates a large amount of data often in a large number of medical imaging. The availability of patient records, patient monitors, and a large number of medical data results in the need for data analysis to effectively extract useful knowledge from unstructured formats. Medical diagnosis is very important, but can also be accurate and effective to carry out complex tasks. The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with an understanding of data mining and its importance in the medical system. In this paper, we will introduce the concept of data mining and its significance in medical systems, such as classification, clustering, association rules, regression and so on.

Keywords: Association Rules, Classification, Clustering, Data mining, Medical Diagnosis System, Regression.

Abstract: Today's the rise of the internet has become the most important factor of information technology and communication but beside this the threat of information security increases. It's become very important to give security to the data so that no illegal person can access it. The two main techniques are used, first is cryptography and second is steganography. Both are used for data security purpose. Cryptography changes the form of the data and steganography fully conceals its presence from the users, except the intended receiver. The steganography is a powerful security method with which we can hide a secret message inside an object. Steganography is a technique used to protect the data by just hiding the data into data or information behind information. Currently, many types of steganography techniques are being used such as text, image, audio/video and protocol but digital images are the most widely used. There are many steganography procedures in which everyone has its own strength and weakness in terms of security and complexity. Some of which provides hiddenness of information while some provides a huge secret message to be hidden. This dissertation provides an overview of steganography specially image steganography and its uses. It attempts to design and develop the good steganography algorithm and briefly describes about the Least Significant Bit image steganography algorithm and also provides an improved version of LSB. In this dissertation, two parameters are used in order to measure the quality of image. First is PSNR and second is MSE.

Keywords: Steganography, Visual Cryptography, Steganography Techniques, Stego Image, PSNR, MSE.

Abstract: This paper presents an alternative to traditional CAPTCHA methods used on the Web. The CAPTCHA methods allow differentiating between human users and automated algorithms, as a security service for information websites. The traditional CAPTCHA methods use some type of Optical Character Recognitions (OCR) on images. In this work some concepts related to interactive human testing are presented, subsequently developing and proposing a new CAPTCHA method, based on the identification of sectioned graphic images. The new method is compared with the traditional one based on OCR and a comparative analysis of the two methods is presented. A group of users assess the usability of the new method after interacting with a system incorporating a traditional OCR CAPTCHA method and other with the new method not based on OCR. The results show that the proposed method is more pleasant for users; besides, this new method has been made available for public use.

Keywords: CAPTCHA, OCR, Graphics, Usability.

Abstract: A phase-based binarization model is applied for the binarization of an ancient document images , in addition a post-processing method is used to improve any binarization method. From the phase information of an input document image three features are derived, these features constitute the core of this binarization model. The features are the maximum moment of phase congruency covariance, a locally weighted mean phase angle, and a phase preserved denoised image. Three standard steps that are used in the paper are 1) pre-processing, 2) main binarization, and 3) post-processing. In first two steps, the features used are mainly phase-derived, while in the post-processing step, specialized adaptive Gaussian and median filters are considered. Outputs of the binarization step, which have high recall performance, is used as input to a post-processing method to improve other binarization methodologies. The experimental results on the different data sets, that is DIBCO, PHIBD, and BICKLEY DIARY show the robustness of the proposed binarization method on different types of degradation.

Keywords: binarization, phase-derived features, ground truth, document enhancement.

Abstract: Proposed system that can extract a text from the image, the extracted text is translated into a specific language. This application is useful for Tourists and travelers to understand the native country language. They simply use their mobile camera, simply click the image of the signboards, menus etc. The OCR engine used in the system extracts the text from the image. Tourist and Travelers simply use their Android phone camera for clicking the image.

Keywords: Android, OCR, Tesseract Engine.

Abstract: In this paper, we have presented a report on peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction based on a weighted OFDM signal scheme. This method is proposed to reduce the PAPR, without distortion of the original signal while removing the weights at the receiver side. In the proposed scheme, a weight is allocated on each discrete signal via a certain kind of a band pass signal through mixture, and an OFDM signal formed with the weighted discrete data is then considered before a high power amplifier where as the original signal can be recovered at the receiver side. Meanwhile the time duration needed to transmit weighted signal is the same as the time duration for the original OFDM signal. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated with computer simulations.

Keywords: PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio), OFDM, SLM, FFT (fast Fourier transform).

Abstract: A Psychrotrophic bacterium producing cold active protease upon growth at low temperature was isolated from soil of Gangotri glacier identified as Bacillus sp. Out of the ten selected protease producing isolates the best one BBPRT-7 was further characterized on the basis of their morphological and biochemical characterization as given in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The bacterial strain BBPRT-7 showed maximum activity at ph 10.0 and temperature 20°C. These Cold-active proteases are generally characterized by high-catalytic efficiencies at lower temperature and lower thermal stability. These cold active proteases have enormous implications in industry. Bacterial alkaline proteases are of great importance due to its wide spectrum applications in detergent industries, bioremediation, food industries, and leather processing, bio-film degradation, pharmaceuticals industry, meat tenderizers, protein hydrolyzates. As per our study isolate BBPRT-7 may have applications in detergent industry.

Keywords: Psychrotrophic, Protease, Gangotri, Bacteria.

Abstract: This paper describes review on a function of load frequency control (LFC) in single and two interconnected power systems. It is based on PSO concept. The proposed algorithm is used to obtain the optimal values of the proportional-integral-derivation (PID) controller parameters based load frequency control. This paper presents a load frequency controller for elimination of the power system oscillations. A two-area power system based on PSO is considered; in which every area is equipped with PID controllers. The gain value of the integral controller is tuned using iterative PSO method. Each Area is considered without controller and with controller and then oscillations are removed by PSO method. Simulations will be done in MATLAB/Simulink.

Keywords: PSO, Load Frequency, Single Area, Multi Area System etc.

Abstract: This paper investigates the development of digital audio watermarking in addressing issues such as copyright protection. Over the past two decades, many digital watermarking algorithms have been developed, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The main aim of this thesis was to develop a new watermarking algorithm within an existing discrete wavelet Transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) framework. This resulted in the development of a combination of DWT-SVD-Firefly (Firefly algorithm) watermarking algorithm. In this new implementation, the embedding depth was generated dynamically thereby rendering it more difficult for an attacker to remove, and watermark information was embedded by manipulation of the spectral components in the spatial domain thereby reducing any audible distortion. Further improvements were attained when the embedding criteria was based on bin location comparison instead of magnitude, thereby rendering it more robust against those attacks that interfere with the spectral magnitudes. The further aim of this thesis is to analyze the algorithm from a different perspective. Improvements were investigated using DWT-SVD and DWT-SVD-firefly algorithms. A comparison of these two algorithms for different watermark images on two types of audio input signal is presented here. The whole thesis work is divided into five main chapters with 4th 5th chapter describing proposed algorithm and results with discussions.

Keywords: Discrete wavelet transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD), wavelet transform, survey papers.

Abstract: Humans around us can be linked through communication. While people with hearing or visual impairments alone can find a mode to share their opinions with others and recognize them, deaf- blind people face a much more difficult communication job. The appropriate technology can play a decisive role. A deaf-blind person is one with impaired senses of hearing and sight. In this paper, we present an approach to analysis of automatic and accurate text detection and recognition of signs for blind persons. The recognized text codes are output to blind users in speech. The proposed approach embeds multi-resolution and multi-scale edge detection, adaptive searching, colour study, and affine rectification in a hierarchical framework for sign detection, with different accents at each phase to maintain the text in customized sizes, orientations, colour distributions and backgrounds. A fast and effective clipping algorithm is planned to extract Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSERs) as character candidates using the policy of minimizing regularized differences. The procedure can significantly improve text detection rate and optical character recognition (OCR) accuracy. Performance of the proposed text localization is quantitatively evaluated on ICDAR-2003 and ICDAR-2011 Robust Reading Datasets.

Keywords: MSER, Multi-Resolution, Optical character recognition

Abstract: This paper survey of the planning and implementation of a totally pipelined design for implementing the JPEG baseline image compression standard. The design exploits the principles of pipelining and parallelism so as to get high speed and output. During this paper a review of a design and verilog design of fast pipelined 2 dimensional discrete cosines transform on FPGA with quantization which might be used as a core in video compression hardware.

Keywords: Video compression, 2D-DCT, quantization, FPGA, pipelining.

Abstract: A methodology for energy-delay optimisation of digital circuits is given. In this method is useful to minimize the delay of representative carry-look ahead adders underneath energy constraints. Impact of varied design choices, as well as the carry-look ahead tree arrangement and logic approach, are analyzed in the energy-delay area and verified through optimisation. The results of the optimisation is verified on a design of the fastest adder found, a 240-ps Ling sparse domino adder in one V, 90 nm CMOS. The optimality of the results is assessed against the impact of technology scaling. In this paper, we tend to inspire the conception of comparison very giant scale integration adders based on their energy-delay characteristics and present results of our estimation technique. This stems from a requirement to form appropriate selection at the beginning of the design methodology. The estimation is fast, not requiring extensive simulation or use of CAD tools, however sufficiently correct to provide guidance through numerous choices in the design method.

Keywords: Adders, digital arithmetic, digital circuits, Carry skip adder (CSKA), energy efficient, high performance, hybrid variable latency adders, voltage scaling.

Abstract: There are many calculation techniques for determining the trajectory of the wellbore. The most common techniques are tangential method, balanced method, angle averaging method, radius of curvature method and minimum curvature method. This paper presents a comparison study among five different models used to calculate the well trajectory using actual field data for different well profiles (build & hold, S shape and modified S trajectory). A new model was developed for calculating the well trajectory and compared with different models mentioned above using the same data and the same well profiles. The results obtained during the present work indicated that the new model is more accurate than the other methods for calculating the true vertical depth. At calculate Horizontal displacement, northing and easting different methods give very close agreement, with the exception of the tangential method.

Keywords: Trajectory, tangential method, balanced method, angle averaging method.

Abstract: A programming language is a language developed to communicate instructions to a computer. Programming languages are used to create programs which are used for solving our day to day problems and/or to express algorithms briefly. There are two categories of programming languages the Low level Languages and High Level languages. This paper, presents a comparative study of three programming languages, C, C# and JAVA, with respect to the following criteria: memory usage and CPU usage.

Keywords: C, Java, C#, Hardware, Memory Usage and CPU Usage.

Abstract: Acid mine drainage has severe environmental effects. These environmental effects can be devastating for living organism. The acidity of acid mine drainage destroys plants, vegetations, human and animals health, corrosion of pipes, building and building materials, Increasing degradation and contamination of aquatic resources and make water quality unsuitable for human and biota utilization. Presently treatment of mine influence water has significant challenges because of its persistent nature. The generation of acid mine drainage once initiated, can continue for decades and often long after active mining operations have ceased. Traditional treatment methods are not suitable for treatment of mining effluents. Recently, passive treatment systems have been proposed and implemented as low-cost, effective, efficient and long-term management options. This review summarizes the applications of active and passive treatment system for treatment of acid mine drainages.

Keywords: Acid mine drainage, effect, active and passive treatment technology.

Abstract: Selection of the suitable software development process model is not an easy task for the development of software project. A project Manager can use different criteria to select a right model for the development of software project as per requirement of the project. The selection of one model over the others is driven by Project size, Quality, Team size, Budget, Time, criticality of the project and a lot of other factors. A questionnaire was conducted; feedback from software professionals also gathered to evaluate which model has a better success rate for different sizes of software project.

Keywords: Waterfall Model, Prototype Model, Incremental Model, Spiral Model, Agile Model, Extreme Programming, Scrum, Crystal.

Abstract: This paper describes review on fuzzy rule based control on permanent magnet synchronous motor. It consists of Fuzzy controller that will provide robustness for motor control. This study aims to select the most robust controller against the stator faults, load torque variation and reversing rotation speed. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed control approach will be verified by simulation results. The test and validation of system with fuzzy controller will be compared by PI controller performance. Simulations will be done in MATLAB/Simulink.

Keywords: PMSM, Load Control, PI controller, Fuzzy Controller etc.

Abstract: Thermal performances of plate-fin, pin-fin and elliptical heat sinks with vertical base plate were compared in natural convection. Comparison is performed with same base plate dimensions and height of fin condition. In the work herein, steady-state natural convection heat transfer and thermal performance comparison between rectangular finned heat sinks and pin fin heat sink from vertically-oriented base plate is investigated. After generating and validating the existing analytical results for continuous fins, a systematic numerical study is conducted on the effect of the elliptical fin. ANSYS and SOLIDWORKS software are used in order to develop a three-dimensional numerical model for investigation of different fin geometries effects. Results show that alterations in fin geometry to vertical oriented base plate fins enhances the thermal performance of fins and reduces the weight of the fin arrays, which leads to lower manufacturing costs. The optimum spacing for maximum fin array thermal performance is found. This study suggests that the most important geometric parameter influencing the heat transfer from pin fin arrays is the ratio of the fin diameter to the center to center spacing.

Keywords: Fins, natural convection, numerical model, optimization.

Abstract: Finite element analysis of a straight bevel gear tooth was carried out to evaluate the bending stresses. The stresses obtained by theoretical calculations at the root of the tooth are compared with the analytical results obtained using ANSYS software. Modeling was done by using Solid Works software. Bending stresses induced in bevel gears were determined by taking specifications of an automobile differential. A software program was developed using PHP web programming language to calculate the bending stresses for three different materials and five pitch angles. Numbers of iterations are carried out using the software to obtain the desired factor of safety. The analysis results obtained in ANSYS and theoretical results are good in agreement.

Keywords: Pitch angle, Bevel gears, PHP, ANSYS.

Abstract: Solubility of CO2 in media formed one-or-more of four forms of inorganic carbon species: carbonic acid, aqueous carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and carbonate and generated hydrogen ion affecting the medium pH. The saturated TIC and pH were studied using RO water, RO+, GM and GM+ with air (0.038%), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 10% CO2 under atmospheric pressure at temperatures of 25, 35, 45, and 55°C. Chemical species existing in the media formed additional inorganic carbon species functioning as a buffer, resulting in raising the medium pH. The NaOH boosted the TIC holding capacity of the media and improved the saturated pH. At a specific CO2-enriched air and medium, the saturated pH linearly increased with respect to increased temperature, which implied the decreasing of TIC. However, the saturated TIC concentration nonlinearly decreased with respect to temperature. At a specific medium and temperature, the saturated pH nonlinearly decreased with respect to increased CO2 concentration whereas the TIC concentration linearly increased with respect to increased CO2-enriched air. At a specific CO2-enriched air, medium and temperature, increasing of TIC concentration decreased the medium pH. The saturated TIC and pH became stable at a same period of time; however, the correlation of the TIC and pH was invalid. The saturated pH can be used to specify the saturation condition of TIC.

Keywords: Solubility of CO2, Total inorganic carbon, saturated pH, Algal Growth

Abstract: DC servo motor is widely used in many applications like Robotics, Conveyor Belts and Camera. In this paper a dc servo motor using MATLAB has been designed whose speed may be investigated using the Proportional, Integral, Derivative (KP, KI, KD) gain of the PID controller. The purpose of this paper is to design a Ziegler-Nichols controller to improve the performance (speed) of the DC motor in order to control the speed of the motor. The results are compared with controller tuned by PI, PID Ziegler- Nichols method. Since, classical controllers like P, PI and PID are failing to control the drive when weight parameters are also changed. The PID controller has some disadvantages like: high overshoot, sensitivity to controller gains and slow response. Fuzzy control and SMC is proposed in this study. In this paper a comparison among PI, PID and fuzzy logic controller, sliding model controller, through MATLAB/Simulink software have been presented the obtained results are promising and is likely to be utilized by the industries.

Keywords: Control System, Proportional-Integral (P-I) controller, Fuzzy logic control, Sliding mode controller Speed control, Modelling of System, D.C. Servo Motor, MATLAB / SIMULINK

Abstract: Graphs are structures formed by a set of vertices also called nodes and set of edges that are connections between pairs of vertices. Graph clustering is the task of grouping the vertices of the graph into clusters taking into consideration the edge structure of the graph in such a way that there should be many edges within each cluster and relatively few between the clusters. Here we present a polynomial time algorithm clustering a given graph according to modified BFS algorithm.

Keywords: Clustering, Vertices, nodes, BFS.

Abstract: A minimum spanning tree is a spanning tree of a connected undirected graph. Each edge is labelled with its weight. It connects all the vertices together with the minimal total weight for its edges. In this paper we designed an algorithm to find minimum weight spanning tree.

Keywords: Spanning tree, minimum spanning tree, minimum weight.

Abstract: The higher-order single mode squeezing effects of different field modes in couple cavity optomechanical system are investigated using short time dynamics up to the second order Hamiltonian interaction term. The occurrence of amplitude squeezing for both quadratures of different field modes are observed and dependence on the coupling strength, photon hopping interaction term and phase values of the field amplitude are also investigated. Depth of nonclassicalities increases with increasing order.

Keywords: higher-order squeezing, non classical, optomechanics.

Abstract: Aluminium based composites with the addition of SiC and Alumina was successfully achieved with stir casting process. It has been observed that stir formed Al alloy LM 6 with SiC/Al2O3 reinforced composites is superior to base Al alloy LM 6 in terms of tensile strength, Impact strength and hardness. It has been observed that there is an improvement in the hardness of the developed composite which is due to dispersion of SiC/Al2O3 particles. It has been concluded that maximum value of Tensile strength of 238 N/mm2, Impact strength of 7.09 Nm and hardness of 131VHN was obtained by combination of 2% Silicon carbide and 2% of Aluminium oxide when mixed in AMC.

Keywords: AMC, SiC, Al2O3, Stir casting.

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network technology has been one of the most transforming and empowering technologies in recent years. . In wireless sensor network data is transmitted through multihop communication to the sink. Data aggregation is a well-known method in WSN and it is a procedure of collecting and aggregating the data from multiple sensors to eliminate redundant transmission and provide combined information to the base station. This process proceeds for many rounds in collecting these data efficiently that is to reduce the energy cost of data transmission. Conventionally tree-based structured approach is a basic operation for periodically sensing and collecting reports from all sensors nodes and sends it to the sink. Though tree based approach is more efficient way in transferring the data to the sink. It can find the shortest path between the leaf nodes and sink for transmitting the data in order to reduce the energy utilization. It is been known that this paper proposes two algorithms such as Angular Query Region Division Routing Algorithm and Query Region Division Routing Algorithm with LEACH. In Angular algorithm data aggregation protocol are used for sensing and collecting the data. In LEACH, clustering approach is used for collecting the data. This algorithms focus on two problems such as lifetime extension and energy consumption. The experimental results of the two algorithms are illustrated with below using ns2 simulation.

Keywords: Multihop communication; tree structure; Query Region Division Routing; LEACH.

Abstract: The researchers are advanced in doing lots of work in the area of image compression. Fractal image compression needs lots of mathematical computation to compress an image. It is a lossy compression method with asymmetric process in which it takes more time in compression of an image than decompression. In this paper new technique is implemented to increase the speed of fractal image compression. The method using fast search strategies using proposed modified Firefly Algorithm with parallel sorting of blocks for fractal image compression is implemented. The purpose of the work is to overcome the drawback of fractal image compression which is the increased encoding time, the various speed up terms like compression ratio (CR), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), and encoding time. The test outcome on color and RGB images indicates a definite reduction in computational time and also achieving a faster encoding process. The experimental work done in this work proves that the proposed improved Firefly algorithm gives the best performance.

Keywords: Encoding, Firefly, Fractal image compression, Compression ratio.

Abstract: A series of 3-[(3-phenyl-5-thioxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indole-2-one derivatives were synthesised through the nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl carbon of Isatin. Structure of synthesized compounds was elucidated by using IR, 1H NMR & 13C NMR spectrometry. Synthesised compounds showed significant antibacterial activity against E.coli (ATCC 35218), S.aureus (ATCC 25323), E.faecalis (Clinical isolate), K. Pneumonia, P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27893) using agar well diffusion method.

Keywords: Indole, Triazole, nucleophilic substitution, Antibacterial activity.

Abstract: Ever increasing energy demand, owing to population growth, technology development, and industrial expansion, has led to exploring alternative sources for energy generation. Renewable energy sources such as Photovoltaic (PV) are help in reducing the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and mitigate this global warming. Solar energy emerged as the most effective and reliable source of renewable energy as it is pollution free, less maintenance, recyclable and inexhaustible. Photo Voltaic (PV) technology is used for direct conversion of e solar energy into electrical energy. The performance of PV system is mostly affected by irradiance, module temperature and array configuration. The knowledge of relationship between these effects and the output power of the PV array is very important while analyzing the performance of the PV system. This paper presents a MATLAB-programmed model to study the I-V and P-V characteristics of PV array under non-uniform insolation caused by both partially and completely shaded modules. In the first part, with the developed MATLAB/Simulink model the performance characteristics of PV array is illustrated by analyzing the different shading situations, then the impact of shading on PV array is illustrated experimentally by measurements on an array with 3 series connected 60W modules. Both developed model and experimental results shows that, under the non-uniform insolation condition, the output power of a PV array get reduced and output PV curve become more complex with multiple peaks.

Keywords: PV module, PV array, Partial shading, MATLAB Simulink, MATLAB program.

Abstract: In this paper, numerical differentiation of a known function is accomplished by using interpolating polynomial and then by using least squares orthogonal polynomial approximation. A numerical example is illustrated to support the fact that numerical differentiation using least squares polynomial fit gives better result.

Keywords: numerical differentiation, interpolating polynomial, least squares polynomial approximation.

Abstract: This paper presents the neuro-fuzzy vector control for wind-driven DFIG to track the maximum wind power point. One configuration is realized by using back-to-back converters in rotor circuit and employing vector control. In this vector control the rotor side voltage source converter that allows independent control of the generated active and reactive as well as rotor speed to track the maximum wind power point. A neuro-fuzzy gain tuner is used to control the DFIG. Each neuro-fuzzy system has input as error value of generated speed active and reactive power. The choice of only one input to the system simplifies the design. Experimental investigations have also been conducted on a laboratory DFIG to verify the calculated results.

Keywords: Vector control, neuro-fuzzy, wind power generation .doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG).

Abstract: Plants which are edible by the animals especially by pet animals shows great importance to them. They shows significance role to improve animal nutrition. Some shows ecbolic role towards nature and animals. The in vitro antifungal activity of Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC, Dendrocalamus strictus Nees, Digera muricata (L.) Mart., Ficus religiosa L. leaves aqueous extract was studied against two strains of fungi viz. Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride. Present study was carried out to evaluate the anti fungal activity of four plants leaves extract by disc diffusion methods. The present method shall done by only in aqueous medium. Trichoderma viride showed that maximum activity against Dendrocalamus strictus Nees. leaf extract.

Keywords: Ecbolic, antifungal activity, Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC., Dendrocalamus strictus Nees, Digera muricata (L.) Mart., Ficus religiosa L., Aspergillus niger, Tricoderma viride, etc.

Abstract: In this paper, we introduced the notion of cubic lateral ideals in ternary near-rings and obtain some characterizations of cubic lateral ideals in ternary near-rings. Finally, we investigate some related properties using the concepts of cubic homomorphism and anti-homomorphism between ternary near-rings.

Keywords: Ternary near-rings, lateral ideal, cubic lateral ideal, cubic homomorphism.

Abstract: Lithium barium borate phosphor (LiBaBO3) doped with rare earth elements 0.02Er3+ and 0.08Yb3+ has been synthesized by solution combustion technique. For the first time Upconversion phenomenon was investigated in the samples at fixed concentration of rare earth dopants Er3+ and Yb3+. Study shows that the synthesized materials emits in visible region after excitation in Infrared region. LiBaBO3:0.02Er3+,0.08Yb3+ shows the absorption in infrared region ie 820 nm to 1080 nm and at 545nm, 656nm respectively. At the excitation of 980 nm it shows the emission peakings at 590 nm and 596 nm. Upconversion mechanism was investigated in detail and attributed to the efficient resonant energy transfer from Yb3+ to Er3+ ions in this host material. Our results suggest a potential borate phosphor for Natrium Yellow and Amber upconversion phosphor.

Keywords: Lithium barium borate phosphor; Upconversion; Rare earth dopants; Solution combustion synthesis.

Abstract: In this thesis, investigations will be carried out to determine the heat transfer rates in a heat sink by means of varying pitch of the fin with air and helium as the working fluids. Analysis is carried out for heat sink with closed and open enclosure constant wall heat flux and different mass flow rates calculated for Reynolds number 8000, 10000, 12000 and 14000 different pitch 2mm and 4mm. CFD analysis is performed for different cases to determine heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, mass flow rate and heat transfer rate. Thermal analysis is to determine heat flux and temperature distribution by with different aluminum alloys (aluminum alloy, aluminum alloy 7075). 3D modeling is done in PRO-Engineer. Analysis is performed in ANSYS software.

Keywords: Finite element analysis, heat sink, CFD analysis, thermal analysis.

Abstract: In this thesis, an exhaust manifold modelled by PRO-E design software. The thesis will focus on CFD and thermal analysis with different loads (2, 6,12,14,16 and 18 kg). Thermal analysis done for the exhaust manifold by cast iron, stainless steel, silicon nitride& zinc oxide. In this thesis the CFD analysis to determine the heat transfer rate, mass flow rate, pressure drop and thermal analysis to determine the temperature distribution, heat flux with different materials. 3D modeled in parametric software Pro-Engineer and analysis done in ANSYS.

Keywords: Exhaust Manifold, IC Engine, CFD Modeling for Exhaust Manifold.

Abstract: Heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between one or more fluids. In this thesis, different nano fluids mixed with base fluid water are analyzed for their performance in the radiator. The nano fluids are Aluminum Oxide, Silicon Oxide and Titanium carbide for two volume fractions 0.7, 0.8. Theoretical calculations are done determine the properties for nano fluids and those properties are used as inputs for analysis.3D model of the shell and tube heat exchanger is done in Pro/Engineer. CFD analysis is done on the shell and tube heat exchanger for all nano fluids and volume fraction and thermal analysis is done in Ansys for two materials Aluminum and Copper for better fluid at better volume fraction from CFD analysis.

Keywords: Finite element analysis, steam boiler, CFD analysis, thermal analysis.

Abstract: In this thesis the steam flow in steam boiler tubes is modeled using PRO-E design software. The thesis will focus on thermal and CFD analysis with different velocities (25, 30, 35& 40m/s).Thermal analysis done for the steam boiler by steel, stainless steel& brass at different heat transfer coefficient values. These values are taken from CFD analysis at different velocities. In this thesis the CFD analysis to determine the heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate, mass flow rate, pressure drop and thermal analysis to determine the temperature distribution, heat flux with different materials. 3D modeled in parametric software Pro-Engineer and analysis done in ANSYS.

Keywords: Finite element analysis, steam boiler, CFD analysis, thermal analysis.

Abstract: In this paper, a mushroom-like EBG structure is analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Utilization of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures is becoming attractive in the electromagnetic and antenna community. Its band-gap feature of surface-wave suppression is demonstrated by exhibiting the near field distributions of the electromagnetic waves. The mutual coupling of microstrip antennas is parametrically investigated, including the E and H coupling directions, different substrate thickness, and various dielectric constants. It is observed that the E-plane coupled microstrip antenna array on a thick and high permittivity substrate has a strong mutual coupling due to the pronounced surface waves. Therefore, an EBG structure is inserted between array elements to reduce the mutual coupling. This idea has been verified by both the FDTD simulations and experimental results.

Keywords: Electromagnetic band-gap (EBG), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, microstrip antennas, mutual coupling, surface wave.

Abstract: The focus of the review paper is effect of lay-up angles on the vibrational frequencies of the GFRP plates. Lightweight materials and design have always been an important topic in product design across several industries. Composite material gives chances to designers and engineers to increase material efficiency, therefore resulting in cost reduction and better utilization of resources. Composites materials applications are wide in aerospace industries, automobile sector; manufacturing industries etc. study involves extensive experimental works to investigate the free vibration of woven E-fiber Glass/Epoxy composite plates in fix-free boundary conditions. The specimens of woven E-glass fiber and epoxy matrix composite plates are manufactured by the hand-lay-up technique which is most suitable and efficient manufacturing technique for composite manufacturing. Lay-up angles selected for the study are (0-90), (60- -30) and (45- -45) and two different aspect ratios plates 1 and 1.5 are selected for study. Manufacturing, experimental investigation will be performed on the samples and FEA analysis will be performed on the models of the plates.

Keywords: GFRP, Composite Material, Weight Reduction, Vibration Frequencies.

Abstract: Due to the changes from academic year credit system to complete credit system, the audience in the class is no longer at the same grade and from the same major. "Automatic Control Theory" is an important specialized course for students in major of automation and electrical engineering. In this paper, we discuss how to conduct effective teaching activities from the aspects of students' course selection conditions, class size, teaching reform methods to motivate students' learning interest and improve their learning outcomes in complete credit system.

Keywords: Complete Credit System, Automatic Control Theory, Teaching Methods, Teaching Feedback.

Abstract: Clustering is a division of data into groups of similar objects. The small number of data represented by the cluster number must be missing some details, but the implementation is simplified. Data model for their cluster. From a practical point of view, clustering plays an important role in data mining applications for scientific data, information retrieval and text mining applications, spatial databases, Web analytics, customer relationship management, marketing, diagnostics and explores medical, computational biology and Many others. Clustering is the subject of active research in various fields such as statistics, pattern recognition and machine learning. The focus of this survey is on data mining clustering. Recently, there have been a variety of algorithms that meet these requirements and have been successfully applied to practical problems in data mining. They are under investigation.

Keywords: Clustering, Data mining, Machine learning, Pattern recognition.

Abstract: Present social networking services suggest friends to user's based on their social activities, which may not be the most suitable to re?ect a user's taste on friend choice in real life. In this project, we present Friends wall, a semantic-based friend recommendation system for social networks, which present friends to users based on their life styles instead of social activities. By taking benefit of sensor-rich Smartphone's, Friends wall discovers life styles of users, measures the resemblance of life styles between users, and suggest friends to users if their life styles have high resemblance. Inspired by text mining, in this project we design a user's daily life as life documents, from which his/her life styles are taken out by using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation [LDA] algorithm. We further aim a similarity metric to measure the resemblance of life styles between users, and estimate user's impact in terms of life styles with a friend-matching graph. Upon acquiring a request, Friends Wall returns a list of people with maximum resemblance scores to the query user. At last, Friends Wall incorporates a feedback mechanism to further amend the recommendation accuracy. This project will build Friends Wall and evaluate its performance on both small-scale experiments and large-scale model.

Keywords: Friend recommendation, Mobile sensing, Social networks, Life style, Data Mining, Machine Learning.