VOLUME 3, ISSUE 8, AUGUST 2016

Abstract: Manufacturers need to have a good supply chain management system in order to achieve low inventory levels, short lead times and adjustability to meet customer demands at minimal total operation cost. The most important drawback of existing methods used to minimize inventory costs as Just-in-time (JIT) methodology or to minimize transportation and order costs as Economic Order Model (EOQ). This minimization strategy may not be able to give the best order quantity because of the relationship between inventory cost and transportation cost, In this paper, we used genetic algorithm (GA) to reduce the inventory and transportation costs together to determine the Best Order Quantity (BOQ). The main advantage of this new method, it is covers pull system, push systems, short planning horizon, and long planning horizon.

Keywords: Economic Order Model (EOQ), genetic algorithm (GA), Best Order Quantity (BOQ) Just-in-time (JIT).

Abstract: In the present study, nonedible oil (Mahua), edible oil (Sal seed) and their mixture have used to study the Emission and Performance characteristics on different blends such as B10, B20, B25, B30, B40. Mix oil biodiesel was studied on blends of B10, B20, B30.Emission and Performance characteristics are compared with base line data obtained with conventional diesel in a single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, and natural aspirated direct injection (DI) diesel engine. Performance characteristics with non-edible Mahua oil biodiesel and with edible oil such as Sal Seed biodiesel blends was comparable with mineral diesel. Brake thermal efficiency for Mahua and Sal seed oil biodiesel was found to be higher than diesel at all blends Moreover, Minimum Brake thermal efficiency is 3.9% greater than Pure diesel and maximum Brake thermal efficiency is 20.93 % more than pure diesel. With increasing compression ratio BTE also increases. Mahua oil biodiesel blend B20 at CR 18 showed highest Brake thermal efficiency compared to their other blends. Mix oil biodiesel blends shows lower Brake specific fuel consumption at all compression ratio because it has more calorific value. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for each biodiesel was found to be higher compared to diesel except Mahua oil biodiesel blend B20 at CR 18 and in case of Mix Biodiesel blend B20, CR 16 has lower Brake specific fuel consumption as compared to diesel. Sal seed oil blend gave very much close value fuel consumption to diesel, but Mahua oil biodiesel blends resulted much higher value of fuel consumption compared to diesel While CO and NOX emission is also more as compared to pure diesel because of incomplete combustion but unburned HC and smoke emissions for biodiesel blends fuelled engine were lower than mineral diesel.

Keywords: Biodiesel, Mahua oil, Salseed oil, Diesel Engine, Emissions.

Abstract: Image Processing and Analysis can be defined as the act of examining images for the purpose of identifying objects and judging their significance.In current days, image processing techniques are widely used in many medical areas for improving earlier detection and treatment stages, especially in various cancer nodules such as the lung cancer, breast cancer, and brain cancer and so on. Segmentation refers to the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments known as super-pixels. Image segmentation is typically used to locate objects and boundaries in images. In this work we are uses mean filter and median filter for image preprocessing. For image segmentation, Otsu's thresholding and marker controlled Watershed segmentation approach are used to segment the lung of CT image. The main objective of this paper is to implement lung nodule segmentation and feature extraction using digital image processing for the classification of the disease stages to avoid serious stages early and to reduce lung cancer percentage distribution.

Keywords: Segmentation, Mean filter, median filter, thresholding.

Abstract: Phosphate is a chemical conversion process in which constituents of a metal surface with a view to produce thin adherent protective coating of insoluble crystalline phosphate by reaction with phosphoric acid solution. This conversion coating should have strong interfacial adhesion and porous enough. The growth of phosphate coating is influenced by method of cleaning of metal surface to be treated before treatment, use of surface activating rinses and acid or alkaline content of phosphate solution. Manganese phosphate coating can produces a dark grey black phosphate layer in combination with suitable post treatments on En-36 steel samples. The quantitative assessment of coating was done by stripping method and corrosion resistance was evaluated qualitatively by salt spray test according with ASTM B 117 Standard. The process parameters employed to produce phosphate have been optimized using statistical design of experiments. The regression equations were derived for each set of experiment and depending on the numerical value of the coefficient of each parameter its influence was assessed. The parameters like The moil Grenadine 112 content, steel wool content and process time showed the synergetic effect on the resulting phosphate quality.

Keywords: Manganese Phosphate coating, stripping method, salt spray testing, statistical design of experiments ,regression equations, acid ratio, process time, steel wool content, The moil ran dine 112 content, etc.

Abstract: This paper discuss the use of hybrid Feed Forward Back Propagation Neural Network (FFBPNN) in predicting the area of rice cultivation and rice production in the seven districts of Cauvery River Basin (CRB) in Tamilnadu. The hybrid FFBPNN was already designed and developed by the researcher was put into use for the seven districts of CRB. This paper provides the various best fitting models incorporated with the FFBPNN system. It compares the observed area of rice cultivation with the predicted area of rice cultivation and also observed rice production with the predicted rice production the seven districts of CRB. The Average Relative Error (ARE) between the observed and predicted data from the hybrid system was computed for 3 seasons each having 5 years for 7 districts totaling 210 data items. The computed ARE % was arranged as a frequency distribution and discussed. It was found that 49% of the ARE % computed between the observed and predicted data is having 0 to 10% error and 18.1% of the ARE % are within the class interval of 10 to 20% error. It was found that only 5.2% of ARE % between the observed and predicted data is having more than 100% error. The high error percent was a small portion of the study carried out. It can be reduced if more input data are taken for predictions.

Keywords: Cauvery River Basin, Hybrid FFBPNN, Rice prediction system.

Abstract: In previous few years the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasing excessively in different applications such as disaster management, security vigilance, border security, battle field exploration etc. Sensors are habitual to dispose subordinately in huge numbers and correlative with each other where human associated is not basically achievable. These tiny sensor nodes are executed by battery power and the battery executed sensor nodes cannot be quickly recharge or replaced. So, minimization of energy consumption is an important issue to prolong the lifetime of network. To resolution this issue, sometimes sensor nodes are joined to form a cluster Head (CH). In each cluster, elected a controller node that is called as Cluster Head. Each node senses the environment, when recognize any event and send the information to the respective cluster heads. After then the cluster heads send the information to the Base station. So, suitable cluster head election can decrease appreciable amount of energy utilization. But in this passage, a super cluster head (SCH) is elected among the CHs who can only responsible for send the information to the Base station. In this paper, we propose both CHs from clusters and SCH among the CHs are elected by choosing suitable fuzzy descriptors, such as remaining battery power, mobility of BS, Centrality, Base station Route.

Keywords: WSN, Fuzzy logic, CH, SCH.

Abstract: Cloud Computing is a highly scalable service to be easily consumed over the Internet. A major feature of the Cloud service is the user's data are processed from remote machines. So the users have fears about losing control of their data. We provide a highly decentralized information accountability framework called CIA. CIA is used to keep track of the usage of the users' data in the Cloud System. The JAR programme is used to create dynamic and travelling object, and used to check that any access to user's data will trigger an authentication and automated logging to JAR. Distributed auditing mechanisms are used to provide strength to user's control. The JAR authentication allows the developer to implement powerful applications that they can modify the code and audit the code of the copied code by the attacker.

Keywords: Cloud Information Accountability Framework, JAR Authentication, JAR Files.

Abstract: Lean manufacturing is a set of tools to improve the quality of manufactured products and reduce the total cost. The foundry industry, as well as manufacturing in general, has significant challenges in the current regulatory and political climate with developing an economically and environmentally sustainable business model. Lean manufacturing has proven itself as a model for both economic sustainability and environmental stewardship. This paper will review the current literature and describe how lean manufacturing and green manufacturing can gives a detail framework for the economically sustainable and environmental foundries. Lean and green techniques which can be applied to foundries in a global context will be described.

Keywords: Sustainable Foundries lean manufacturing, Total Productive Maintenance, Lean Tools and Implementation Strategies

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to define and study the notion of C ?ech MP-closed and C ?ech MP-open sets in C ?ech closure spaces and investigate their characterizations.

Keywords: C ?ech MP-closed sets , C ?ech MP-open sets.

Abstract: One of the major worldwide concerns of the utilities is to reduce the emissions from traditional power plants by using renewable energy and to reduce the high cost of supplying electricity to remote areas. Hybrid power systems can provide a good solution for such problems because they integrate renewable energy along with the traditional power plants. Hybrid systems are characterized by containing two or more technologies of electrical generation, in order to optimize global efficiency of the processes. Basically this system involves the integration of solar, wind, hydroelectric system with battery storage device that will gives continuous power. Solar panels are used for converting solar energy and wind turbines are used for converting wind energy into electricity and hydroelectric system is used for generation of electricity from kinetic energy of the water. The model has designed to provide power quality for hybrid renewable energy systems. In this Paper, the modeling of hybrid solar photovoltaic, wind and hydro energy system with battery storage are done by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and results are presented.

Keywords: Hybrid Energy System, Solar Photovoltaic System, Wind Energy System, Hydro Energy Systems, Battery Storage, MATLAB/SIMULINK/SIMULIN.

Abstract: The paper is about importance of ergonomics, in development of devices such as continuous passive motion machine. Also its effect on joint mobilization is discussed. Today the ergonomics science has broadened to every day's task right from spoon, hand tools, knife, chairs etc. Ergonomics is applied from industrial machine to daily work. It is the faith in ergonomics that has totally changed the design scenario. Continuous passive motion (CPM) therapy is normally use as first stage exercise in the postoperative treatment of joints in the first post orthopaedic surgery. After surgery passive range of motion helps to prevent joint stiffness, Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), edema, soft tissue contractures, muscle fiber atrophy, contractures, and osteoporosis. It is important, however, to begin physical exercising of the knee immediately to restore strength and full range of motion after postoperative treatment by CPM.

Keywords: Ergonomics, Physiotherapy, Continuous passive motion, Knee Joint.

Abstract: Over 480 million people in India do not have access to safe drinking water. India has been ranked 133rd among 180 countries for its poor water availability (1880 cubic meters per person) by the United Nations. Lack of access to safe drinking water is a major cause of ill-health and loss of productivity. It is one of the major causes of life-threatening diseases among infants and children. Fetching water from far off places by women and girls is a burden, adding to their already long days of domestic hardship. Provision of piped water to homes and toilets lessens the burden for women and girls who fetch water from distant sources for household consumption. Water is a basic need of life to which every village has an inalienable right. More than 80% of households have no electricity connection and sanitation facilities are found in fewer than 5% of rural homes. Access is a particular constraint, especially in the central, hilly area of the state. In the 21st century, rural communities are far away from getting their most basic needs. We aims to ensure that all homes in rural/tribal areas have access to uninterrupted, protected piped water supply. Rural areas have long been subject to an uneven development process where piped water supply to individual homes has never been seriously considered by the government. In this project we tried to contribute to help those rural people to get potable water economically, by using sustainable gravity flow system. The result shows that alternative we suggest is feasible system over pumping lift system.

Keywords: drinking water, life threatening diseases, no electricity, piped water.

Abstract: Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad seeds generally called Egusi melon are widely eaten in Nigeria, but its uses in post-harvest crop protection have not been exploited. The effects of the edible oil of C. colocynthis seeds on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) were assessed on adult mortality, oviposition, F1 progeny emergence, cowpea seed damage and seed germinability in the laboratory. Results indicated that the oil showed some lethal effects on treated insects at above 50% mortality and very high reduction in oviposition at increased concentrations. Seeds treated with the oil showed significant (P

Keywords: Citrullus colocynthis seed oil, cowpea seed protection; Callosobruchus maculatus.

Abstract: Data comparison is widely used in computing system to perform many operations. Where incoming information is needs to be compared with a piece of stored data to locate the matching entry. If both incoming bits and stored bits are matching means there is no error if mismatched means some type of error will occur like random error or burst error. To detect and correct the error here error correcting codes are used. To further reduce the latency and complexity, in addition, a new butterfly-formed weight accumulator (BWA) is proposed for the efficient computation of the Hamming distance. The proposed architecture examines whether the incoming data matches the stored data if a certain number of burst errors are corrected. The basic function of the BWA is to count the number of 1's among its input bits. It consists of multiple stages of HAs where each output bit of a HA is associated with a weight. The HAs in a stage are connected in a butterfly form so as to accumulate the carry bits and the sum bits of the upper stage separately.

Keywords: Error correcting codes, hamming distance, data comparison, parity matrix.

Abstract: Water purification is indeed a challenging issue for all sections of the society especially the poor and deprived people, who mostly rely on groundwater sources as their source of drinking water. Cocos nucifera fruit can be used as a source of activated carbon which is relatively cheap and easily available. It improves the taste of drinking water and also makes water safe to drink by removing most toxic organic compounds in water like pesticides and heavy metal organic compounds. Cocos nucifera Shell Activated Carbon or Coconut Shell Activated Carbon (CSAC) also removes smells in water and makes cloudy water clear by removing colour causing compounds in the water. Coconut Shell Activated Carbon (CSAC) can be used as a natural way of removing contaminations from the water source .The present study aims to reduce hardness and chloride present in water .CSAC is used at varying concentrations and time intervals to decrease hardness and chloride present in the water sample .CSAC also reduces the colour and odour of the water sample. So, CSAC can be categorized as a very efficient purifier of water.

Keywords: Cocos nucifera, Coconut Shell Activated Carbon (CSAC), Total Hardness, Chloride, Odour, Water purification.

Abstract: The car engine hood or bonnet has been analysed for its strength assessment for the different Design Verification Procedure (DVP) load cases. The nonlinear static structural analysis has been carried out on hood assembly to evaluate the stresses, displacement and plastic strain induced in the hood components for the different DVP load cases. In this project work, both material non linearity i.e. change in stiffness and contact non linearity i.e. changes in gap been considered for the analysis work. The base line model been analysed and from the baseline results, design optimization like thickness and shape topology operation carried out to reduce the overall weight of the hood assembly. The strength assessment of hood assembly is important and it should meet the design standards. The hood assembly is important subsystem in car from safety point of view as well as from appearance aspect. During crash of an automobile, the car hood component absorbs crash kinetic energy and avoids major impact to passengers and drivers. Hence, it is important to assess the strength of hood assembly.

Keywords: Hood assembly, Strength, Stiffness, FEM Analysis.

Abstract: Torsion bar is a suspension component used at the front, rear, or at both ends of a car such as it keep tires in contact with the surface of the road, support the weight of a vehicle and absorb the forces generated by the movement and motion of the vehicle. Most real-world phenomena exhibit nonlinear behavior. In these paper overviews of various works are done. This paper tries to give an idea about the previous researches & their finding about study of Torsion Bar (Torsion Spring Suspension or Torsion Beam Suspension), Static analysis of Torsion bar, finding out torsional stiffness, study related to vibration absorber and its application & comparison results of linear & nonlinear with its parameter.

Keywords: Torsion bar (Torsion Spring Suspension or Torsion Beam Supension), FEA, Nonlinear Behavior.

Abstract: The1SoC (System on Chip) uses1AMBA1APB as an on chip bus.APB1is1low1bandwidth1and low performance1bus used to1connect the1peripherals like UART, Keypad,1Timer and1other peripheral devices to the bus1architecture. This paper describes the1design generation1of AMBA1APB (Advanced Peripheral Bus) protocol using Perl scripting language.1Here1main aim is to reduce1human interface in design1part so we can reduce common syntax errors. Per1 generates the Verilog design code of APB1slave and its1corresponding test bench, where all its1specifications1are there in XML script. This code1is simulated in QuestaSim. Finally1wave forms and1code coverage1reports are analyzed.

Keywords: AMBA, APB, Perl, SoC, XML, XLS

Abstract: Energy is a vital input for social and economic development of any nation. Renewable energy technologies can help countries meet their policy goals for secure, reliable and affordable energy to expand electricity access and promote development. Renewable energy sources, especially solar and wind energy, are likely to play a significant role in providing reliable and sustainable electricity to consumers. Renewable Energy (RE) sources form a minuscule portion of India's overall Energy consumption today, with increasing agricultural and industrial activities in the country; the demand for energy is also increasing. Formulation of an energy model will help in the proper allocation of widely available renewable energy sources in meeting the future energy demand in India Many developing countries are increasingly making commitments to promote low carbon economy by adopting sustainable energy technologies. In this regard, different policies could be applied to reducing carbon emissions, such as enhancing renewable energy deployment and encouraging technological innovations. Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) is governed by the status of the technology in terms of efficiency and techno-economical feasibility. The states plans for the deployment of resources for development, with special reference to sustainable environment and the demand and supply energy model help to provide more focus on the long term goals. This paper presents an approach to apply diffusion modeling technique to review policies supporting Renewable energy technology deployment and use diffusion parameters to provide inputs for designing future programmes. The wind and solar power are selected for detailed analysis. The results show how present trends and future forecasts of electricity-generating technologies change the electricity generation in the country.

Keywords: Renewable Energy Technology (RET), Diffusion, Wind Power, Solar Power, India, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

Abstract: In most cases of data hiding, the cover images will experience some distortion due to data hiding and cannot be inverted back to the original form. That is, some permanent distortion has occurred to the cover image even after the hidden data have been extracted out. In a wide range of applications like medical, military and law forensic fields, distortion of cover images does not allowed. So reversible data hiding is essential for these cases. The technique provides the secrecy for a data, and also for its cover image. This paper describes a novel method of reversible data hiding algorithm in which, Reserving room before encryption is done. The proposed method is written in digital videos. In the proposed method the video is converted into different frames and RDH algorithm is applied to each frame. These frames act as media to carry the secret data. The proposed method is free of errors and the payload is increased. PSNR values are also increased. Performance comparisons with other existing schemes are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme.

Keywords: reversible data hiding; encryption; LSB replacement technique; reserving room.

Abstract: In this Paper we introduce a new class of sets called p generalized ^ b*-closed set (briefly pg^b*-closed) and some of its characteristics are investigated. Further we studied the concepts of pg^b*-open sets and pg^b*-T1/2 space.

Keywords: pg^b*-closed sets, pg^b*-open sets, pg^b*-T1/2 space, pg^b*-closure operator.

Abstract: Hydrolytic enzyme, L-glutaminase (EC3.5.1.2) converts glutaminase into glutamate and ammonia. It is a multifunctional enzyme which contributes majorly in food, pharmaceutical and chemical industry. The enzyme has been subject of some reviews on types, distribution, biochemical and immunological properties. Glutaminase is a ubiquitous enzyme and catalyzes the hydrolysis of ?-amido bond of L-glutamine. Due to having structurally and folding pattern similarity, it belongs to serine-dependent ß-lactamases and penicillin binding proteins. Glutamase enhance the flavor of food that why it is used as a food enhance in food industry. It also known for major source for energy and nitrogen in the cell biosynthesis and promoting cancer. Directly and indirectly involvement of glutaminase in main metabolic process has made its great importance in biological system.

Keywords: L-glutaminase, Glutamine, Glutamic acid, Monosodium Glutamate, Cancer.

Abstract: The new mobile technologies trying to give broadband over wireless channel allowing the user to have bandwidth connectivity even inside moving vehicle. The metropolitan broadband wireless networks require a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) capability, and the scheme Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) becomes essential to overcome the effects of multipath fading. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has become very popular, allowing high speed wireless communications. OFDM could be considered either a modulation or multiplexing technique and its hierarchy corresponds to the physical and medium access layer. A basic OFDM modulator system consists of a QPSK modulator, a serial to parallel, and an IFFT module. The iterative nature of the IFFT and its computational order makes OFDM ideal for a dedicated architecture outside or parallel to the main processor. The VHDL implementation allows the design to be extended for either FPGA or ASIC implementation, which suits more for the Software Defined Radio (SDR) design methodology. In this project the OFDM modulator and demodulator will be implemented with full digital techniques. VHDL will be used for RTL description and FPGA synthesis tools will be used for performance analysis of the proposed core. The major blocks are Interleaving/Mapping circuit, 8 point IFFT, 8 point FFT, and arithmetic blocks. Modelsim Xilinx Edition will be used for functional simulation and verification of results. Xilinx ISE will be used for synthesis. The Xilinx's chip scope tools will be used for verifying the results onSpartan3E FPGA.

Keywords: OFDM; IFFT; FFT; FPGA; VLSI.

Abstract: Social media sites are any website that allows social interaction. Some popular social media sites are Face Book, Twitter, Instagram etc. Social networking has changed the way the youth lives, socializes and shares. The social media are very popular means of public communication among the youth all over the world. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of social media on communication, culture and behaviour of modern youth in recent era and the remedies and awareness should be taken to overcome the disadvantages of social media.

Keywords: Social media, Communication.

Abstract: Fish population dynamics demonstrates the quantitative changes in the number of individuals in which a given fish population grows and shrinks over time as controlled by some specific factors, and is generally used in the fisheries science in order to determine sustainable yields. The aim of this article is to present and analyze a generic mathematical formula of a single-region size structured model which is useful for the fish production estimation. With the intention to estimate the final fish size, the von Bertalanffy's growth equation is modified and utilized based on the initial size of the fish species. For fish population calculation, initial size, birth, growth, mortality rates and the arbitrary constant of modified von Bertalanffy's growth equation are considered as input variables. The number of total fish population and the fish size at different time spans are calculated. The results coming from the mathematical calculation are compared to the experimental results of freshwater mud eel fish production. Comparing to these values, it reveals that there is no significant difference between the result obtained by implementing the proposed mathematical model and the experimental outcomes obtained. Finally, it is expected that the modified model can be used for the practical applications of fish production.

Keywords: Mathematical estimation; Fish population; Fish size; Mortality rates; von Bertalanffy's growth equation.

Abstract: The growth of multimedia applications, Fractal image compression techniques is very important for the efficient transmission and storage of digital data. The purpose of this paper, we described fractal image compression using affine transformation correspond to translations, scaling, rotations and reflections in metric space.

Keywords: Fractal image compression, affine transformation, image coding and decoding.

Abstract: Looking at the modern trend of construction, post-tensioned flat slab are widely adopted in commercial and residential sectors. A study on analysis and behavior of Post-tensioned flat slab is been done in this thesis. Modeling and analysis of flat slab and PT flat slab is done using SAFE. For post-tensioning 12.7 dia and 9.5 dia 7 ply high tensile steel strands are used in analyzing the PT slab. Slab panel of 8m by 12m is modeled for different cases and respective properties are assigned. Slab is divided into column strip and middle strips. Drops are provided along column strip in flat slab and PT flat slab. Results are compared with flat slab and PT flat slab with respect to deflection, punching, moment and stresses. The quantities of reinforcing steel, post-tensioning steel, concrete required for the slab is calculated for the same and cost per square meter are presented in graphical form. Overall study on PT flat slab proves that PT flat slab could be a better option compared to flat slab, in respect of cost of project.

Keywords: Flat slab, Post-Tensioned flat slab, SAFE, Tendons.

Abstract: This paper report on new multilevel inverter uses five controlled switches, eight diodes and two capacitors to get five level ac output. The new inverter uses five controlled switches as other Multi level inverters use eight controlled switches. Multilevel inverters offer high power capability associated with lower output harmonics and lower commutation losses. Their main drawback is their complexity, requiring a great number of power devices and passive components, and a rather complex control circuitry. This work presents a new multilevel inverter topology using an H-bridge output stage with a bidirectional auxiliary switch. The proposed topology attains an multi-level output with 37.5% reduction of main switches required as compare with conventional multi-level inverters. The circuit is simulated using MATLAB Simulink software.

Keywords: H-Bridge Inverter, Auxiliary switch, Total Harmonic Distortion.

Abstract: Radon concentration measurements have been carried out in the selected dwelling houses in Rahovec city, using continuous radon monitor Model CRM-510. This study has covered a region of Kosovo which has not investigated before for radon concentration and the scope of this study is to contribute on Kosovo Radon Map, which is not still completed. Also, has been analysed the impact of age of buildings, type of walls and windows on selected dwelling houses chosen for radon concentration measurements. The average radon concentration on living room has been found to vary from 103.7 ± 19.8 Bq/m3 to 207.1 ± 48.1 Bq/m3. The annual effective dose is found to be lower than action levels of annual effective dose recommended by International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP).

Keywords: Radon Concentration, Indoor, dwelling houses, effective dose, exposure dose.

Abstract: The research should analyse data after removing the outliers which have high influences or reducing the effects of influential points. The paper introduces the robust estimation methods to reduce the influences of outliers in regression modelling. We describe LTS estimator, LMS estimator, M-estimator, S-estimator, and MM-estimator among various robust estimation methods. Then, we make an experiment for real data and investigate the performances for several methods. The result shows that the robust estimation methods with reduction of influential points perform better than ordinary least squares method in regression analysis.

Keywords: Robust regression, Influential point, Least trimmed of squares, MM-estimator

Abstract: Reversibility plays an important role when energy efficient computations are considered Parity preserving property can be used for this. Reversible logic is a new emerging technology with many promising applications in optical information processing, low power (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) CMOS design, (De Oxy Ribonucleic Acid) DNA computing, etc. In industrial automation, comparators play an important role in segregating faulty patterns from good ones. In previous works, these comparators have been implemented with more number of reversible gates and computational complexity. All these comparators use propagation technique to compare the data. This will reduce the efficiency of the comparators. To overcome the problem a new 5*5 parity preserving reversible gate is proposed in this paper, named as P2RG. The most significant aspect of this work is that it can work both as a full adder and a full subtractor by using one P2RG and Fredkin gate only. According to the control logic input the proposed design can works as an adder or a subtractor.

Keywords: (De Oxy Ribonucleic Acid) DNA, (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) CMOS design, P2RG.

Abstract: With the advancement of science and recent technologies the attention of scientist is getting directed towards two field - Farming and Robotics System. But the combination of two technologies can serve efficiently for many problems by overcoming the limitation of previous technologies. Robotics technologies alone serve very well for the various problems in the field of engineering, medical, military, industry evolution and other various areas of development and requirements, but here we pile together the new advancement in agriculture with robotics to develop the agriculture system which can be used in more complex dynamic systems. This technology provides optimum and efficient solution for wide ranges of production with their merits and demerits. This robotic system is named as agricultural robot. This paper provides a detail review of the Robot.

Keywords: Movement, Agricultural robot, Arduino, Robot Architecture, Agricultural Functions.

Abstract: Mobile phones and tablets have become an indispensable part of our lives because of advance in computer hardware and software. We use these devices in order to make it easier to work in many sectors like banking, tourism, and education and besides our daily life. The health sector is also one of the sectors which is open the development. In this study, the main subject is to be able to monitor patients in need of care as mobile by doctors. So, patient will be able to make their own measurements and send it to their doctors. The most important feature is that it is individual. For example, blood pressure values are a medical condition that changes from person to person and according to the disease. Specific limit values which are determined by doctors are defined in our model system. If the measurement is out of these values are sent to the doctor by an automated notification system. In addition, the patient's daily measurements or earlier measurements can display both the patients and the doctors. Moreover, for any purpose both patient and doctor can contact through the message system.

Keywords: Health mobile tracking, biometric sensor, home care services, in need of care patient

Abstract: Water is an important constituent for all the living beings. The water quality guidelines provide a limit value for each parameter for drinking water. It is necessary that the quality of drinking water should be checked at regular time interval, because due to use of contaminated drinking water, human population suffers from varied of water borne diseases. The availability of good quality water is a necessary feature for preventing diseases and improving quality of life. The different physico-chemical parameters are color, temperature, hardness, turbidity, pH, sulphate, chloride, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) etc. used for testing of water quality. Heavy metals like Pb, Cr, Fe, Hg etc. are of special concern or chronic poisoning in aquatic animals. This paper summarized the importance of monitoring temperature, turbidity, pH and dissolved oxygen parameters of drinking water and its adverse effect. A lot of drinking water quality parameters are described by world health organization (WHO). It gives the guidelines of parameters for comparing the value of real water sample from that we can decide the quality of water.

Keywords: Drinking water, Parameters, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, pH.

Abstract: Melanoma spreads through metastasis, and therefore it has been proved to be very fatal. A system to prevent this type of skin cancer is being awaited and is highly in-demand. It is important to highlight that excess exposure to radiations from the sun gradually erode melanin in the skin. Moreover, such radiations penetrate into the skin thereby destroying the melanocytes cells. Melanomas are asymmetrical and have irregular borders, notched edges, and color variations, so analyzing the shape, color, and texture of the skin lesion is important for melanoma early detection and prevention. In this work, the components of a portable real-time noninvasive skin lesion analysis system to assist in the melanoma prevention and early detection are proposed. The first component is a real-time alert to help users to prevent skin burn caused by sunlight; a novel equation to compute the time for skin to burn is thereby introduced. The second component is an automated image analysis including image acquisition, hair detection and exclusion, lesion segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. The framework has been developed in a smart-phone application. The experimental results show that the proposed system is efficient, achieving high classification accuracies.

Keywords: Image Segmentation, Skin Cancer, Melanoma.

Abstract: Abacus is a complete brain development program used by Chinese, Japanese, Malaysians and Koreans to improve mathematical skills. The improvement in mathematical skills is due to a coordinated functioning of both right and left brain hemisphere. As learning and memory in any field is achieved by coordinating and analyzing the different sensory inputs, whether an abacus trainee would also improve the short term memory as a whole was evaluated in our study. 50 children of average IQ between 7 and 12 years from 2 regular schools and 50 from an abacus institute were evaluated for short term memory before and after a period of one and two years. The memory tests were taken from Wechsler memory scale, Mini mental state examination, Mann - Buitar visual memory screen for objects. The results showed that the abacus learners at the end of one and two years had a better visual and auditory memory with ability and positive attitude when compared to non abacus learners.

Keywords: abacus, enhance concentration, learning power, right and left hemispheres learning memory.

Abstract: There are two types of the items on examination. One test consists of the items with the same points and another test consists of the items with the different points. It is important to assign the points for the items based on a good standard when an examiner chooses an examination with the different points. The paper proposes the method which applies WAVE algorithm [1] in classification to point allocation on examination. WAVE algorithm is developed in combining the outputs of classifiers in ensemble. We apply it to the point allocation on examination since the concept of WAVE is similar with the concept of a tester's evaluation. It assigns high points on hard-to-solve items and low points on easy-to-solve items and considers an examinee's ability simultaneously.

Keywords: WAVE Algorithm, Point Allocation, Examination, Examinee's Evaluation

Abstract: In multihop communications, nodes that are near a sink tend to become congested as they are responsible for forwarding information from nodes that are farther away. Thus, the closer a sensor node is to a sink, the faster its battery runs out, whereas those farther away may maintain more than 90% of their initial energy. Energy consumption becomes a primary concern in a Wireless Sensor Network. To pursue high energy saving at sensor nodes, a multi mobile collector should traverse the transmission range of each sensor in the field such that each data packet can be directly transmitted to the mobile collector without any relay in heterogeneous WSN. And data packets can be relayed through nodes if packet has emergency info.

Keywords: Energy, WSN, mobile sink, battery, transmission range.

Abstract: In this paper 3-level neutral point diode clamped converter is used to control the SRM instead of generally used asymmetric half bridge converter. The modulation method and current control method of the diode clamped converter are also presented. By comparing both the converters it will prove that 3-level neutral point diode clamped converter has higher efficiency and lower current ripple than the half bridge converter with the same switching frequency. Both conventional PI and Fuzzy logic controllers are used as speed controllers and their results are compared which shows that Fuzzy Logic controller is best than conventional PI controller in obtaining steady state speed. Both the controllers are compared at constant speed and also at the variation of speed and their simulation/MATLAB results are shown.

Keywords: Switched Reluctance Motor, clamped converter, NPC converter, fuzzy logic controller.

Abstract: In this Paper using pg^b*-closed set in topological spaces we introduce a new class of sets called p generalized ^ b*-continuous functions (briefly pg^b*-continuous functions). Further the concept of almost pg^b*-continuous function and pg^b*-irresolute function are discussed.

Keywords: pg^b*-continuous function, pg^b*-irresoulte function, almost pg^b*-continuous function.

Abstract: This paper presents the utilization of bamboo and bamboo based composites in the region of wood substitutes and building materials. BANBOO HAVE VERY IMPORTANT PROPERTY LIKE tensile strength, SHER STRENTH, BENDING STRENTH SO ITS has been assuming an essential part in the day by day life of people and community for construction of houses agricultural tools and implements, as food material, medicine. The diversified applications of bamboo such as building material will bring attention to prefer bamboo as a better substitute to wood and other materials. Bamboo play vital role for sustainable development of country Because now a days of the growing human population on our planet in combination with an increase of consumption per capita, more and more pressure is put on global resources.

Keywords: bamboo, substitute building material.

Abstract: The installation of Photovoltaic (PV) solar systems in institutions as well as homesteads in the rural areas in Kenya is increasing at a high rate; and so is the need for the stake holders to make sure the PV solar systems are professionally designed, sized, installed and maintained. In PV solar system installation, the designing, sizing and the installation are very critical steps. A wrongly designed, sized and installed system will not perform optimally and will underperform (for undersized systems) and waste energy and resources (for oversized systems). Furthermore, undersized systems do not perform to the user's expectation discouraging the user and eventually a negative customer attitude creeps in which may affect the uptake of solar PV systems. On the other hand, an oversized PV system is extra expense on the side of the client, creating an exaggerated high cost of PV solar systems, again discouraging potential clients from the adoption of the technology. Both scenarios mean loss of business, jobs and the economic and social benefits associated with PV technology. We present a case study of poorly installed PV systemsin Makueni County, Kenya. We observed that the solar modules specifications at the back of the modules were not clearly done, the batteries were poorly matched and the cables used in the installation were undersized. Due to these issues, even a normal television set was not able to work since the system was installed four years ago (in 2012).The above case emphasizes the need for training in PV solar system design, sizing, installation, and maintenance.

Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV), modules, solar system, Installation, training, professional

Abstract: Graphs are structures formed by a set of vertices also called nodes and set of edges that are connections between pairs of vertices. Graph clustering is the task of grouping the vertices of the graph into clusters taking into consideration the edge structure of the graph in such a way that there should be many edges within each cluster and relatively few between the clusters. Here we present a polynomial time algorithm clustering a given graph according to modified BFS algorithm.

Keywords: Clustering, Vertices, nodes, BFS.

Abstract: Energy efficiency and throughput are main concerns while designing routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, most of the existing schemes are either improving energy efficiency or improving throughput. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is one of the major hierarchical routing protocols for WSNs to minimize the energy consumption. In order to minimize the energy consumption, in this work we have introduced access points in the network in between cluster head and base station. The QoS parameters such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, delay and energy consumption are metrics used to measure the performance of energy efficient reliable routing protocol and proposed three tier architecture. Simulation results show that three tier architecture outperforms the energy efficient reliable routing protocol and m-leach protocol.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Energy Consumption, LEACH.

Abstract: The terrorist activities and threats have become growing problem now a days all over the world. A bomb explosion within or immediately nearby a building can cause catastrophic damage on the building's external frames, collapsing of walls and internal structural frames. Many of the existing buildings which are not designed for blast loads get damaged or even fully collapsed when subjected to such loadings. Therefore explosive load or blast load are important for designing structure. In present study a five story rc frame structure has been chosen for investigating the effects of blast loads. The blast load parameters are determined by adopting wave scaling laws given in u.s army technical manual unified facilities criteria structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions (ufc3-340-02) and dynamic analysis is performed using staad pro in order to determine the effects of blast impact on the structures.

Keywords: Blast load, Time history analysis, Staad pro, dynamic analysis, Framed structure.

Abstract: Using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique, (Cd-Zn)S thin films were prepared on glass substrates Photoconductivity rise and decay spectra was obtained for different ratio of cadmium and zinc. The absorption coefficient (a) was determined from the absorption using (uv-vis spectrophotometer) at a normal incident of light in the wavelength of range (400-1000)nm. We find that the films have energy gap between (2.8ev-3.09ev) and (a=104 cm-1) means the direct type of transmission.

Keywords: Photoluminescence, Chemical Bath Deposition, Thin Films, CdS.

Abstract: Fractal image compression through IFS is very important for the efficient transmission and storage of digital data. Fractal is made up of the union of several copies of itself and IFS is defined by a finite number of affine transformation which characterized by Translation, scaling, shearing and rotation. In this paper we describe the necessary conditions to form an Iterated Function System and how fractals are generated through affine transformations.

Keywords: Iterated Function System; Contraction Mapping.

Abstract: While silicon has been the choice material for much of the research done with MEMS, the methacrylates and acrylates provide a rapid and inexpensive base for future work. Cyclodextrins have been used for two purposes: as a solubilising agent of paclitaxel, which it is a very lipophilic compound, and for their ability to disturb and inhibit the activity of the intestinal P-gp. a polymeric ligand PMAA [PMAA = poly(acrylic acid)] with controllable low-molecular-weight and a terminal double bond was synthesized through CCTP Catalytic chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) has emerged as an efficacious method to produce low-molecular weight polymers.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, Characterization, Biomedical, Thermal, Applications.