VOLUME 4, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2017

Abstract: The article discusses the main events leading to Education FOR Sustainable Development (EDS) under the auspices of UNESCO. It is based on theoretical analysis of literature and documents from international conferences and on the achievements of scientists on Environmental Education (EE) in Bulgaria. The road to education for sustainable development started in ancient times, passed through introduction into schools as the subject nature study and continued as organized activities of global institutions and educators. As the interaction of humanity with nature deepened and became more and more complex, humanity reacted with increased emphasis on Environmental Education (EE). The international educational society at each successive stage of EE undertook competent rethinking of achievements and shortcomings and offered new recommendations for improvement. The history of EE, if critically studied and analyzed, is a rich source of accomplishments, suggesting new ideas for further development. The best of our traditional approaches, interwoven in new theories of learning is more fruitful in educational practice. The study was dedicated to the historical roots and main stages of EE leading to a new model of integrated environmental education of students, pre-service and in-service teacher education and training.

Keywords: Education for Sustainable Development, international educational events, advantages and shortcomings, Bulgarian experience, integrated EE model

Abstract: The e-curriculum is an important educational system, because it enters the world of e-learning and gives people who cannot follow the traditional curriculum the total dependence on electronic curricula. In addition, it remains interactive with the development of educational technology and its use for self-development of the person, because it is available to the user at anytime and anywhere. This project allows the provision of curricula for all students to help them read and download any systematic book for any stage of the study, from the primary to the postgraduate level, thus saving time, effort and research. The PHP, CSS, and HTML languages ??were used to build this site for the purpose of providing an integrated and efficient system.

Keywords: e-Curriculum, PHP, CSS, HTML

Abstract: Photovoltaic panels are used to collect solar energy and convert it into electrical energy. But these photovoltaic panels are inefficient as they are fixed only at a particular angle. This inefficiency can be decreased by designing a solar tracking system which changes its position automatically in accordance with the sun's movement. To track the sun in two directions that is elevation and azimuth, a dual-axis tracking system is developed to capture the maximum sun rays by tracking the movement of the sun in four different directions. One axis is azimuth which allows the solar panel to move left and right. The other axis is elevation and allows the panel to turn up and down. The aim of this paper is to present tracking system consists of Arduino controller, two motors (dc motor_linear) with gearbox arrangement on a mechanical structure to move the solar panel so that sun's beam is able to remain aligned with the solar panel, four sensors, which are mounted on the sides of the photo module by these sensors the solar tracking system becomes more sensitive and it allows to determining a more accurate location of the sun and PV panel as a solar collector. The results showed that the dual-axis solar tracking system is highly efficient for electrical energy output when compared with fixed solar system.

Keywords: Solar Tracking, Dual-Axis, Solar panel, Sensors and Arduino.

Abstract: For winding protection of alternator, the on-line monitoring system of winding protection of alternator is designed based on transducer and interfacing card to PC in this project . The system describes the specific hardware and c software program in detail and simultaneously describes the specific application in data collection system of the alternator. The data transfer technique called interfacing card is used for transfer of data's from one end to remote end. The system with good real-time, high reliability, high-speed and good flexibility will have a good prospect. In our project we are mainly focusing on protective scheme especially sensing element called relays. The only way to reduce hardware and cost is to convert hardware based relays into software based relays. For this, we are first converting all individual relay characteristics into software using 'C' language. In next step, we are visually/graphically-representing variation of all alternator parameter in pc using Turbo C + Graphics and we are dynamically monitoring all signal status. For sensing all parameter such as stator current etc., we specially designed PCB for all parameter. All sensed parameter is sending to pc through ADC 0809 and each parameter has unique address location. In our project, communication between our project model and pc is made through specially designed interface card. If any fault occurs in the alternator, the computer gives the signal to trip the faulty portion from the normal portion of the circuit.

Keywords: Online monitoring, ETPS

Abstract: The feasibility of using nutraceutical industrial Pterocarpus Marsupium spent (PMS) as a cheap biosorbent to adsorb Crystal violet (CV), a cationic dye, from aqueous solution. The influence of initial dye concentration, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage and particle size on dye adsorption was studied. The experimental equilibrium data obtained were analyzed by isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, models were applied for adsorption kinetic studies. The experimental value of the adsorption capacity, qe was 60 mg/g. The kinetic data fitted well to a pseudo-second order model. The thermodynamic parameter values like ?Gº, ?Hº and ?Sº proved that the process of adsorption was exothermic. The FTIR spectra and images of SEM proved the CV being adsorbed onto PMS. Possible interaction that occurred in the CV-PMS system is discussed. PMS is an effective adsorbent to remove CV dye from aqueous solution.

Keywords: Pterocarpus Marsupium Spent; Adsorption, Isotherms, Kinetics

Abstract: "Education is the most powerful weapon which we can use to change the world & examination is a tool to test what we have learned." Every year during time of examination we will come across some news in the newspaper and television about mal practices happening in various Examinations, for example paper leakage, rewriting of answer sheets , forged attendance etc and hence the exams are being postponed / cancelled. Which results into loss of money for reprinting question paper, loss of time & efforts, loss for sincere students and so on. Thus by considering the problems a plan has been made to implement a system which will help to stop this malpractice in exam section. We propose an Electronic Security for Confidential Documents in exam in order to prevent wrong practices in exam section. Confidential documents including question papers will be sent to the examination centers in a sealed electronic box, which cannot be opened before the stipulated time. This will enable the documents to be locked and sealed till desired time before examination The device will then be sent a message from the base station which will request for a password to be entered. When the Password and timing matches, the box will open through a motorized mechanism. After which question papers & other documents can be taken out for distribution. The box will have a mechanism to detect any sort of unauthorized tampering with the help of box tampering sensor.

Keywords: Confidential ,Security, Examination, Paper leakage.

Abstract: Now a days, the vibration causes rapid wear of machine parts such as bearings and gears. Most common causes of machine vibration is wear, looseness, misalignment /shaft runout, imbalance then need of the day is producing noiseless and vibration free devices. Unwanted vibrations may cause loosening of parts from the machine. Because of improper design or material distribution, the wheels of locomotive can leave the track due to excessive vibration which results in accident or heavy loss. Sometimes because of heavy vibrations proper readings of instrument cannot be taken. Also some time machine will be destroys but some time vibration can be used for useful purposes such as vibration testing equipment's, vibratory conveyors, hoppers, and comparators. Vibration is found to be very fruitful in mechanical workshops such as improving the efficiency of machining, casting, forging and welding techniques. The transfer of noise can also be reduced by decoupling the components in such a way that the noise path is interrupted. This can be achieved by adding noise reducing treatments to the structure such as elastic elements, masses, local shielding or damping layers. In the present investigation, the use of viscoelastic damping layers as a noise reducing measure in rotating machinery is considered. Here in this investigation the result obtained will give frequency value in random manner and the use of testing hypothesis will show us that vibrations are really reduced or not.

Keywords: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT analyser), T-TEST(Statistical Test), Viscoelastic Material, Vibration Reduction.

Abstract: Municipal waste management techniques can vary widely between countries and between regions within countries. Europe and several other places around the world favor Envacation underground system of vacuum pipes to transport waste to landfills or incinerators Responsibility for waste management generally falls under the jurisdiction of local, state and territory governments. Trash compaction is a process of compacting waste. The various process of trash decomposition produces air pollution and water pollution. Nowadays trash is placed in one place greater level for decomposition. In India many garbage dust or waste left by creating pollution problem as well as environment problem. The objective of this project is to compact the trash without producing any pollution. With the help of microcontroller and compaction mechanism the size of trash is reduced so that in the so that in small space more trash can be stored. Again this compacted trash can be compact again and the space used to store the trash can be made free. It will also reduce the diseases wise main cause is trash.

Keywords: compaction, garbage dust, trash, decomposition pollution.

Abstract: The present work is focused on the study of behavior of Aluminium Alloy (A356) with Aluminium Nitride (AIN) and Magnesium (Mg) composite produced by the stir casting technique. Different % age of 3, 6 & 9 AlN and 0.5 & 1 Mg of reinforcement are used. Tensile Test, Micro Hardness Test, Impact Test are performed on the samples obtained by the stir casting process. Microstructure analysis has done to know the presence of the structure of reinforced material. Hardness tester is employed to evaluate the interfacial bonding between the particles and the matrix by indenting the hardness with the constant load and constant time. Microscopy was done to know the distribution of AlN/Mg particles in Aluminium alloy. It has been observed that with the addition of reinforcements 3, 6 & 9 % AlN and 0.5 & 1 % Mg in base metal A356, ultimate tensile strength, impact strength and hardness were found maximum corresponding to 9% aluminium nitride (AIN) and 1% Magnesium (Mg).

Keywords: AlN, Mg, Stir Casting.

Abstract: A composite consists of two or more combined constituents in macroscopic level and is not soluble with each other. Currently worldwide interest in manufacturing composite materials from west industrial and agricultural materials due to increasing demands for environmental friendly material. The walnut is enclosed by the shell called as walnut shell. Walnut shell is treated as waste but because of its good mechanical strength, chemical property and abrasive nature so it is helpful for improving property and it used as reinforcement. Fabricate the specimens by varying % of weight of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% walnut shell flour used in polyester resin and applying resin with E-Glass fiber by using hand lay-up method. The test is carried out to determine compression test, charpy test, tensile test and wear test is conducted.

Keywords: Walnut shell flour, polyester resin,compression test, charpy test, tensile test and wear test.

Abstract: A WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) is an ad hoc network of sensor nodes to monitor natural or man-made conditions and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. The thorough debugging of WSN applications before actual deployment can save a lot of time and manual effort. The existing WSN applications look short and simple, but they frequently encounter failures due to various software bugs. The main reason is that they are executed with a complicated event-driven concurrency model. WSN debuggers based on symptom mining are one of the efficient methods for identifying potential transient bugs in WSN applications. The design of such debuggers is based on a key observation that outliers in the normal behavioral patterns of a WSN system indicate transient bugs. The symptom mining debuggers applies a customized outlier detection algorithm to quickly identify and rank abnormal intervals. The scope of this paper is to implement the design of a symptom mining debugger and to conduct a comparative study of the various outlier detection algorithms in finding the potential transient bugs of a few WSN applications. The paper has identified the optimum features of an outlier detection algorithm to be used in a symptom mining debugger. OCSVM and Orca were selected because of their unsupervised nature and ability to deal with homogeneous multivariate continuous attributes. The merits and demerits of the selected outlier detection algorithms were also identified after performing an execution time and memory overhead analysis.

Keywords: WSN, OCSVM, Sentomist

Abstract: This paper proposes a method to select the boost inductor and capacitor for effective battery charging. Mainly the boost inductor of the converter is designed, taking the charging current into account. Satisfactory results are seen and the inductor`s current is continuous as required by the converter. Finally, power and efficiency calculations are done to complete the research.

Keywords: Boost converter, battery charging, critical inductance, filter sizing, internal resistance.

Abstract: In order to recognise the hand written character the system model is developed which is based upon neural network. MATLAB software including neural network toll box is used. The attributes and advantages which ultimately achieve the importance of design model with greatest ability. To interpret the meaning of complex or imprecise data available which is use to recognise the pattern and detect very easily which inherently difficult for human being and to any computer technique .In this technique the neural network is treated as expert which is use to analyse. Study is carried out using artificial neural network (ANN) which is an information processing model that is motivated by biological nervous system works such as human brain processes information. The comparative study to recognise the character is done using multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), support vector machine (SPM), radial basis function (RBF) After studying it is found that percentage accuracy obtain in support vector machine is 90-100% and main square error (MSE) is least the, percent accuracy obtain in multilayer perceptron neural network is near about 80-90% and MSE is less so SVMNN is the best classifier so far as hand written character recognition system is concerned. MLPNN is slightly inferior in performance as compared to the SVMNN.

Keywords: Neural network: SVM, MLP, RBF, MATLAB, JPG images of 20 person's hand written character

Abstract: This paper contains a survey of content management system, content management process, architecture and working. Also contains different types of tools and software. Content Management (CM) is the process for collection, delivery, retrieval, governance and overall management of information in any format. The term is typically used in reference to administration of the digital content lifecycle, from creation to permanent storage or deletion. The content involved may be images, video, audio and multimedia as well as text. A Content Management System (CMS) is a computer application that supports the creation and modification of digital content. It is typically used to support multiple users working in a collaborative environment. A Content Management System (CMS) is a tool for creating and managing digital content such as documents, text, web pages, videos and images.A content management system (CMS) is a software application or set of related programs that are used to create and manage digital content. CMSes are typically used for Enterprise Content Management (ECM) and Web Content Management (WCM). An ECM facilitates collaboration in the workplace by integrating document management, digital asset management and records retention functionalities, and providing end users with role-based access to the organization's digital assets. A WCM facilitates collaborative authoring for websites. ECM software often includes a WCM publishing functionality, but ECM webpages typically remain behind the organization's firewall.

Keywords: CMS, WCM, ECM.

Abstract: A rare exposition on the title with excerpts from famous books such as 'Physics and Philosophy', 'The Nature of the Physical World', 'Quantum Theory', 'The Tau of Physics', The Fire in the Equations', and 'Euclid to Eddington' written respectively by Heisenberg, Eddington, David Bohm, Fritjof Capra, Kitty Ferguson, Edmund Whittaker, to mention few. The entire Paper is given a philosophical touch starting from Classical Physics to Quantum Theory. The reader will (I hope) appreciate the philosophical views given by each of them. As a picture speaks thousand words, and as 'Face is the Index of the Mind', I have added the pictures of the scientists at appropriate places. In addition to the references, author has added some of his personal views on the topic.

Keywords: Cause and Effect, Causation, Causality, Canons of Induction, Doctrine of Determinism, Events in four-dimensional space-time, Law of Causation, Necessity and Chance.

Abstract: Adsorption is potentially an attractive technology for treatment of waste water for retaining dyes from dilute solutions. Studies carried through environmental biotechnology have shown that many adsorbents present in the nature have great capacity for removal of dyes. The Methylene Blue dye was adsorbed on an adsorbent prepared from matured leaves of the Psidium guajava. A batch adsorption study was carried out with variable dye concentration, adsorbent amount, pH, adsorbent size and temperature. 94.9% of Methylene Blue dye was removed by 0.1 g of Psidium guajava leaf powder from 30 ml of aqueous dye solution with a concentration of 20 ppm at 333K. The adsorption followed pseudo second order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.025 mg/min .The experimental data yielded an excellent fit with Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherm models. Langmuir monolayer capacity had a mean value of 29.913 mg/g. The best fitted model to the experimental equilibrium data for Psidium guajava was Langmuir isotherm for methylene blue dye. Free energy of adsorption (DG), enthalpy change (DH) and entropy changes (DS) were calculated to predict the nature adsorption.

Keywords: Psidium guajava leaf powder, dye removal, batch adsorption,Kinetics,Modelling.

Abstract: In nowadays industry the voltage source inverters with MOSFET or IGBT devices are used more and more frequently. Such applications include full H-bridge power stages which are prone to shoot through if not properly driven. This situation emerges when the upper and the lower switch from the same side of the bridge are both in on state for some time. The ensuing effect can generate unwanted losses or cause thermal runaway and the result will be a failure of the power switch and even of the whole inverter. A possible solution to the problem is proposed in the paper that injects the so called "interlock delay time" or a "dead time" into the control algorithm. This is made possible with the aid of a programmable logic device which inherent ability for parallel algorithm execution permits to implement multiple Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) devices on a single chip. Because of the physical specifics of the different power transistors the dead time duration can be easily configured via parameters. Moreover the PWM resolution can be easily configured to a non-trivial value such as 9 or 13 bits upon design requirements. All of the above said shows that programmable logic devices outperform the capabilities of most if not any conventional microcontroller available on the market. The proposed algorithm can be used for both soft- or hard-chopping switching strategies. It is highly suitable for industrial applications such as multi-axis robots, that require several driving channels to run simultaneously.

Keywords: Pulse Width Modulation, Dead-time Control, Programmable Logic Device, Commutation Strategy.

Abstract: GPR50 is an orphan seven-transmembrane receptor known as related to the melatonin receptor subfamily which comprised of MT1, MT2 and Mel1c receptors. Previous studies implicate that GPR50 might be involved in hypothalamic control of energy expenditure and feeding behavior. GPR50 expression in brain is highly responsive to energy status as being decreased in both fasting and high fat diet feeding circumstances. GPR50-/- mice present elevated metabolic rate, reduced fat accumulation, and partial resistance to diet-induced obesity. In human, GPR50 polymorphisms have been linked to elevated circulating triglycerides and cholesterol level, as well as psychiatric affective disorders. This review presents current knowledge regarding to the functions and associated diseases of GPR50. However, GPR50 may have more functions that remain to be discovered. To reveal the signaling pathway(s) of GPR50 and its functions well, it is crucial to do more works to identify the ligand(s) of GPR50 and the possibility of ligand-dependent signaling.

Keywords: GPR50, GPCR, energy metabolism, orphan receptor

Abstract: In this report, comparison is made between IS800:2007 & International standards. The entire range of pre-engineered building is studied while doing this comparison. A school building is designed using IS800:2007 & International standards by keeping the loading parameters similar, all the loads are applied accordance with Indian codes. An attempt is made to study the variation in tonnage as per IS800:2007 & International standards & possible reasons for variation in respective results. Analysis and design of these building frames was carried out using Staad-Pro software & manually also. As per market study it observed that more than 70% pre-engineered buildings are designed according to American codes. As per the design result obtained during this dissertation work it is noted that the weight of structure is reduced by 23.97% as compared to IS800:2007. Even though most of the pre-engineered buildings are designed accordance to American code it is noted that by using Euro-03 weight of structure is reduced by 27.2% and by using BS5950-2000 weight of structure is reduced by 9.04% respectively as per obtained design results as compared to IS800:2007.

Keywords: PEB, Analysis, Design, LSM, LRFD, AISC-10, IS 800:2007, Euro-03, BS5950.

Abstract: This paper presents the comparison of conventional steel section and FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymer) tow sheet wrapped steel section, which gives high strength and resists the buckling behaviour. The circular hollow steel section is widely used in structural and non-structural elements, on off shower and on shower buildings. More excellent properties of the tubular shape with regard to loading in tension, compression, bending in all directions. To increase the strength and durability of steel structure, FRP tow sheet are used in the section. The section according to the class 4 according to the euro code 3,EN 10219-2:2006(E) Cold form steel section, 200mm diameter, 800mm length hollow circular steel section .FRP has been established as an effective method of strengthening of steel and concrete. The different fibres combination is called as tow sheets (one layer of glass sheet placed between two carbon sheets.). New technique of using FRP tow sheet has gained importance as the bond that has been created by wrapping. The finite element software (Using ABAQUSE software) under axial loading is determined. Use carbon and glass laminates in the section to increase the load bearing capacity and delay the buckling failures.

Keywords: Circular hollow section column, Carbon laminates, Glass laminates, Nitowrap Adhesive, Euro code 3, Buckling behaviour, finite element analysis.

Abstract: A study of structural and properties of pure (undoped) Zinc oxide (ZnO) and phosphorous (P) and Antimony (Sb) doped Zinc Oxide films has been carried out. The films were deposited by an automated spray pyrolysis equipment on both microscope glass at various elevated temperatures (270 oC - 420 oC) and on fluorine doped tin Oxide (FTO) substrates at 420 oC. Structural characterization using Raman spectroscopy showed the presence of the main peak for ZnO at 437 cm-1for all the films. Antimony doped films showed other peaks associated with the doping but phosphorous doping did not show extra peaks. Optical characterization using a UV-VIS-NIR Shimadzu (Model DUV 3700) double beam spectrophotometer provided both reflectance and transmittance data and Scout software was used to compute the band gap. At a wavelength of 600 nm, the average transmittance of the pure ZnO films was ~62 % while it was transmittance was ~85 % and ~80 % for Sb and P doped films respectively, an increase of ~23 % and ~18 % respectively. For the undoped ZnO films, high deposition temperatures led to band gap narrowing from 3.25eV to 3.10eVwhile doping resulted in band gap widening from 3.10 eV to 3.30 eV (for P-doped) and 3.10 eV to 3.33 eV (for Sb-doped),an observation confirmed by the increased transmittance on doping. The band gap narrowing for ZnO films makes the film become a better materials for visible light absorption which is good for photovoltaic applications. The wide gap broadening on doping makes the film more transparent to solar radiation making it suitable for transparent conducting oxide applications.

Keywords: Spray pyrolysis, Band gap, optical characterization, resistivity, doped ZnO, Transparent conducting oxides, photovoltaics

Abstract: In this paper we have considered the eleven existing tests for testing the homogeneity of variances in two-sample. The test statistics are - Cucconi, Zhang, Neyman-Pearson, O'Brien, Link, Newman, Bliss-Cochran-Tukey, Cadwell-Leslie-Brown, Overall-Woodward Z-variance, modified Overall-Woodward Z-variance and Chen W tests. Among these tests Chen W test is based on sample spacing. The comparative analysis of power of the tests is carried out for the distributions viz. normal, logistic, Cauchy and double exponential. Results are calculated by using Monte Carlo simulation technique.

Keywords: Cucconi test, Zhang test, Neyman-Pearson test, O'Brien test, Link test, Newman test, Bliss-Cochran-Tukey test, Cadwell-Leslie-Brown test, Overall-Woodward Z-variance test, modified Overall-Woodward Z-variance test and Chen W tests, simulated level and power.

Abstract: Glutaminase is one of the most important commercially produced industrial enzyme. Among its industrial applications it is used in dairy, fermentaed sauce production, vitamin B6 production, biosencer. The role of glutaminase as antileukamic and as food flavoring agent is established. The list of both the industrial and therapeutic uses of glutaminase is increasing continuously. Glutaminase has shown its profound effect an antiviral activity and HIV associated dementia and multiple sclerosis. The present review discusses some of important proven uses and some yet to be commercially established application of glutaminase.

Keywords: L-glutaminase, food flavor, Glutamine, Glutamic acid, Antileukamic, anti HIV.

Abstract: Alkaline protease is a major constitute of enzymatic group with nutritional and potential role in nature. Commercial success of alkaline protease have now started aiming at the engineering of novel enzymes that are more robust with respect to their pH, temperature, enzyme kinetics and molecular characterization techniques. New dimension of molecular diversity and technologies are used to improve performance characteristic by in vitro evolutionary changes. For the production of alkaline protease use of waste raw materials is cheaper and more advantageous than conventional substrates. In our studies agro-waste raw material such as gram powder, groundnut pod powder, mustard oil cake, feathers are used as substrates for the production of alkaline protease. All these substrates are cheap sources and most advantageous. Furthermore we will able to scale up the submerged state fermentation on gram powder. The thermal resistance, ability to function in a broad range of temperature may lead to conclude that future application of protease in laundry detergents formulations and in food and pharmaceutical industries is highly promising. Aklaline protease active at near pH 14.0 is produced with the use of agro- biproduct. Mustard oil cake found to be the best for the baterial isolate studied. The enzyme produced and partially purified is found to be very effective in cleaning laundry cloth.

Keywords: Alkaline protease, laundry cloth, submerged fermentation, purification, optimization.

Abstract: Today manufacturing industries are highly impacted by the fast changing economic conditions. In this scenario manufacturing industries are facing global competition due to globalization. The major problems those are being faced by these industries are declining profit margin, customer demand for high quality product and product variety. There is a high pressure today on every manufacturing industry of reduced lead- time.In this paper we use surveys as well as observation to provide clear concept of a steel tube welding by using DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analysis, Improve and Control) technology under Six-Sigma in order to reduce leakage problem in steel tube welding. By taking various tube welding parameters in a machining process the tube welding strength (yield stress and tensile stress) increased. By taking into consideration and analyzing the drawbacks in the previous researches in context with constraints like finishing, quality, mechanical properties, time taken for welding and selection of material, we implemented our own welding method which has the ability to withstand the all these features and can easily rectify the leakage problems arising in the machining operations.

Keywords: Six Sigma, DMAIC, tube welding, yield stress.

Abstract: Today manufacturing industries are highly impacted by the fast changing economic conditions. In this scenario manufacturing industries are facing global competition due to globalization. The major problems those are being faced by these industries are declining profit margin, customer demand for high quality product and product variety. There is a high pressure today on every manufacturing industry of reduced lead- time.In this paper we use surveys as well as observation to provide clear concept of a steel tube welding by using DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analysis, Improve and Control) technology under Six-Sigma in order to reduce leakage problem in steel tube welding. By taking various tube welding parameters in a machining process the tube welding strength (yield stress and tensile stress) increased. By taking into consideration and analyzing the drawbacks in the previous researches in context with constraints like finishing, quality, mechanical properties, time taken for welding and selection of material, we implemented our own welding method which has the ability to withstand the all these features and can easily rectify the leakage problems arising in the machining operations.

Keywords: Six Sigma, DMAIC, tube welding, yield stress.

Abstract: The difficulty of obtaining the initial background there is the inaccuracy of real-time background update and the difficulty of controlling the update speed in moving vehicle detection of traffic video. The project aim proposes an accurate and effective moving vehicle detection method which can be used in complex traffic environment. Vehicle detection and tracking system plays an important role for civilian and military applications such as in highway traffic surveillance control, management and urban traffic planning. Vehicle detection process on road are used for vehicle tracking, counts the vehicle, average speed of each individual vehicle, traffic analysis and vehicle categorizing objectives and may be implemented under different environments changes. In this review, we present a concise overview of image processing methods and analysis tools which used in building these previous mentioned applications that involved developing traffic surveillance systems. More precisely and in contrast with other reviews, we classified the processing methods under three categories for more clarification to explain the traffic system.

Keywords: Vehicle detection, Tracking, Traffic surveillance, Occlusion, Shadow & Classification

Abstract: Nanotechnology has made revolutionary changes in various fields of engineering and is expected to have a great potential in improving oil and gas industry in the next few years. Nanotechnology has introduced the nanoparticles that were found very striking for petroleum engineers to be used in different petroleum applications. The extremely tiny size and large surface area to volume of nanoparticles gave them the capability of upgrading several operations including exploration, drilling, completion, production and processing. In this paper, a study of how nanoparticles can be used to improve the drilling operation by upgrading drilling fluid properties is conducted in the manner of eliminating or decreasing the probability of drilling problems. An experimental study is steered and discussed in order to evaluate the effect of adding Alumina oxide nanoparticles to a water base drilling mud. Nanoparticles were tested by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) which confirmed their identity and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) which confirmed that the average particle size is in the range of 60 nm to 90 nm, these tests were carried out at the Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI). A conventional drilling fluid was prepared at the British University in Egypt fluids lab and was tested with the intention of appraising its characteristics, namely Low shear yield point (LSYP), yield point, gel strength, fluid filtrate volume and mud cake properties. Same tests were conducted on a Nano-enhanced fluid for the sake of constructing a comparative analysis between the two fluids in terms of the mentioned parameters. Three samples of drilling fluid with different nanoparticles w/w concentrations were prepared in order to determine the optimum nanoparticle concentrations that will yield the best results. A reduction of the filtrate volume to about 45% accompanied with a reduction of the mud cake thickness to about 42 % were observed at a concentration of 1.5 wt% of Alumina oxide nanoparticles in the water base fluid, this indicates the great capability and potentiality of Nanofluids to minimize the probability of differential pipe sticking and formation damage. Enhancements of the rheological properties were observed, and valuable amounts of drilling fluids were saved.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, Drilling fluids, Water Bas Mud, Alumina oxide.

Abstract: Nanotechnology has made revolutionary changes in various fields of engineering and is expected to have a great potential in improving oil and gas industry in the next few years. Nanotechnology has introduced the nanoparticles that were found very striking for petroleum engineers to be used in different petroleum applications. The extremely tiny size and large surface area to volume of nanoparticles gave them the capability of upgrading several operations including exploration, drilling, completion, production and processing. In this paper, a study of how nanoparticles can be used to improve the drilling operation by upgrading drilling fluid properties is conducted in the manner of eliminating or decreasing the probability of drilling problems. An experimental study is steered and discussed in order to evaluate the effect of adding Alumina oxide nanoparticles to a water base drilling mud. Nanoparticles were tested by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) which confirmed their identity and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) which confirmed that the average particle size is in the range of 60 nm to 90 nm, these tests were carried out at the Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI). A conventional drilling fluid was prepared at the British University in Egypt fluids lab and was tested with the intention of appraising its characteristics, namely Low shear yield point (LSYP), yield point, gel strength, fluid filtrate volume and mud cake properties. Same tests were conducted on a Nano-enhanced fluid for the sake of constructing a comparative analysis between the two fluids in terms of the mentioned parameters. Three samples of drilling fluid with different nanoparticles w/w concentrations were prepared in order to determine the optimum nanoparticle concentrations that will yield the best results. A reduction of the filtrate volume to about 45% accompanied with a reduction of the mud cake thickness to about 42 % were observed at a concentration of 1.5 wt% of Alumina oxide nanoparticles in the water base fluid, this indicates the great capability and potentiality of Nanofluids to minimize the probability of differential pipe sticking and formation damage. Enhancements of the rheological properties were observed, and valuable amounts of drilling fluids were saved.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, Drilling fluids, Water Bas Mud, Alumina oxide.

Abstract: The earthquake catalogue of events that occurred in Croatia (Croatian Earthquake Catalogue - CEC) during the period 373BC-2015 was compiled for achieving homogeneity for magnitudes. The need to use moment magnitudes in hazard analyses (since the moment magnitude characterizes the earthquake size accurately and the selected ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) employ the moment magnitude (MW) scale) motivated this work. Using MW magnitude values obtained by the centroid moment tensor solutions (Harvard GCMT catalog, PDE catalogue) and from RCMT solution (INGV), magnitude conversion equation for local magnitudes (which are reported in CEC for each event) was derived using errors-in-variables regression (EIVREG), a least squares data modeling technique in which observational errors on both dependent and independent variables are taken into account. About 120 GCMT/RCMT solutions for small-to-large events, varying MW from 3.5 to 5.7, were used to derive the local relationship converting the ML to MW. The completeness and homogeneity of the unified catalogue were also analyzed, as well as a and b value of the Gutenberg-Richter frequency-magnitude relation. A prepared unified homogeneous catalogue can serve as a reference catalogue for seismic hazard estimates and other seismic studies in Croatia and neighbouring areas.

Keywords: Earthquake catalogue, local magnitude, moment magnitude, errors-in-variables, seismicity.

Abstract: Using Artificial Intelligence in renewable energy production prediction, energy grid balancing and next generation understanding of energy consumers will increasingly automate operations in the solar and wind industries, and boost efficiencies across the renewable energy sector. The research study conducted on Zorays Solar Grid ,and how it resolves to work on solving humanity's grand challenges using exponential innovative technologies such as block chain mining, Crypto mining for ICO's ,Internet of Things (IoT),machine learning and business intelligence using data-driven narrative and other ROI strategies from renewable energy.

Keywords: Next Generation Business Intelligence, Renewable Energy, Data Storytelling Wave, Internet of Things (IoT),machine learning, block chain mining, and Crypto currency mining for ICO's.

Abstract: Biogas generation is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Anaerobic digestion is one of the effective ways of generating biogas. The effect of various wastes of Cow Dung(CD), Rumen(RU), Agar Waste(AW) and Sewage Sludge(SS) were collected in different sources on biogas production at mesophilic condition. A laboratory experiments was carried out using in 5 litre of glass bottles working volume on a batch reactor for over 40days. The preparation of slurry in different ratio of mixture of wastes the control of CD,RU,AW and SS, 1:1 ratio of RU:AW, AW:SS, SS:RU and 1:1:1 ratio of RU:AW:SS. There was designated in T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 respectively. All the treatments were prepared in triplicates. Biogas production was measured indirectly water displacement method. The results indicated that the mixture of 1:1:1 ratio (T7) slurry provide the higher biogas yield of 3886.30ml and then followed by T2, T3 and T6 treatments gave average yield of 3190.35, 2068.65 and 1804.51ml. The result showed fastest onset gas flammability from T7 and T6 treatments after 4th days. The results obtained shows that the pH of the mixture(T4 & T7) before and after the biogas provided a reading 3.4&4.2 and 6.9&7.0. This both treatments maximum increased of pH in after digestion 3.5&2.8. The biogas production could eliminate its disposal problems and create another abundant source of sustainable energy. The result of study also indicates that the biogas production process is economically feasible.

Keywords: Cow Dung, Rumen waste, Agar waste, Sewage Sludge, Flammable, Biogas, etc.,

Abstract:

Abstract: Chemical industries discharge both wastewater and solid waste laden with pollutants of environmental concern. This paper explores the reutilization of industrial solid waste, 'metal oxide slag' as new adsorbent for the removal of Cu and Zn from aqueous solutions through batch and column studies at fixed conditions of room temperature, acidic pH of 3.5, 8/14mesh adsorbent particle size. Through batch studies for three batch parameters of adsorbent dosage, time of contact and initial pollutant concentration, dynamics of adsorbent capacity, pollutant removal, Isomorphic ion-exchange mechanism, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, Lagergren rate, Weber diffusion and Elovich chemisorption were estimated. Similarly, at fixed feed flowrate, through column studies for two column parameters of bed depth and column feed concentrations, the column dynamics of breakpoint, pollutant removal, adsorptive capacity and adsorption rate were calculated. Chemically resistant PVC pipes were used in place of traditional glass columns. Standard S-shape breakthrough curves indicated the existence of constant liquid phase driving force upto bed exhaustion. Cu removal of 92.32percent and Zn removal of 74.57percent increased with increase in bed depth but decreased with increase in the feed concentration. A scale-up designed is proposed for treating large volumes of industrial effluents based on Bohrat-Adam's correlation and critical depth.

Keywords: Adsorption, industrial wastewater, Cu, Zn, heavy metal, metal oxide slag, column studies, adsorbent.

Abstract: ZnO thin films have been deposited onto the glass substrates by the chemical bath deposition method. In this work we have studied the structural and morphological properties of ZnO thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition method. Zinc acetate dihydrate was used as the precursor material. The structural and morphological properties of the films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy characterization methods. Scherrer's formula was used to calculate particle size. The thin films have (002) as the preferred orientation. The root mean square roughness of the films was calculated.

Keywords: Zinc oxide film, chemical bath deposition, Particle size, AFM.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose DAC which produce the ramp output for high-speed applications. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is a chip or circuit that converts a number (digital) into a voltage or current (analog). The DAC is a useful interface between a computer and an output transducer. For example, DACs are used to control devices that require a continuous range of control voltages or currents such as electro-acoustic transducers (speakers), some types of variable -speed motors, and many other applications where an analog signal output is required.

Keywords: Digital to analog, 74393, clock, DAC0800

Abstract: Bamboo is one of the oldest building materials used by mankind. Bamboo is used for various construction works. It has good strength and durability. Now a days concrete is a widely used as construction material for its various advantages such as low cost, availability, fire resistance etc. Reinforced cement concrete plays vital role in construction. The cost of construction is increasing due to increase in the cost of steel and cement. To control the cost of construction and promote the use of natural products the study is required be carried out. The aim of present research work is to explore the use of bamboo as reinforcement in reinforced cement concrete work. This paper shows the investigation of use of bamboo reinforcement in beam. To study the effect of replacement of steel reinforcement by bamboo, tests have been conducted on 28 beams of size 750 mm length and 150 mm x150 mm. Beams were tested to failure under two point load tests. The highest and lowest failure loads were recorded for the case of steel reinforcement and bamboo reinforcement with steel stirrups. Flexural strength of beam model has been studied by replacing bamboo completely, in compression zone and in tension zone.

Keywords:

Keywords: Bamboo, Reinforced cement, Steel Reinforcement.

Abstract: Water conservation is important for 'ecological sustainability' therefore what we consume needs to be replenished back in some way. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) system is one such conservation policy and it uses the principle of conserving rainwater. In the process we help in the recharge of groundwater. Traditional RWH systems were built to suit the specific environments in which they evolved and worked efficiently in different economic and political environments. The issue of water is not about scarcity but about its careful use and its equitable and distributed access. Water is our basis therefore water conservation is the need of the hour. Illegal boring has led to depletion of groundwater reserves. Not only this but urban water bodies which served the needs of the city since early times are now dump yards for garbage and refuse. Since surface water bodies are getting polluted by the day and usage of this water is only possible after thorough treatment, people opt for ground water resources since treatment of water is also an expensive proposition. Lessons can be derived from traditional practices of water usage and its conservation. To be able to implement RWH techniques in the present day we can look at some traditional rainwater harvesting systems in various parts of India to get a few practical lessons in the methodology. Lessons can be taken from places like Zings of Ladakh, Khuls of Jammu in NorthIndia, Naula or Hauzi in the hills of Uttar Pradesh, practices of Northeastern states like Mizoram, Meghalaya and Nagaland, The Baoris, jhalaras and tankas of Rajasthan and kulams of Tamil Nadu. The Research paper will emphasize on the traditional methods of rainwater harvesting and their regional innovations from which the practice of rainwater harvesting is applicable in the urban situations of the country. This will be aimed at achieving not only water conservation but also restoration of traditions and clues for working out desirable solutions.

Keywords: Water resources, Water conservation, Rainwater harvesting (RWH), Traditional practices, urban storm water managment

Abstract: Cloud computing represents a transformative paradigm in the realm of computing, facilitating flexible, on-demand, and cost-effective access to computing resources. However, this model involves outsourcing data to cloud servers, which raises significant privacy concerns. Numerous strategies utilizing attribute-based encryption have been developed to enhance the security of cloud storage. Nonetheless, the majority of existing research primarily concentrates on the privacy of data contents and access control, while insufficient emphasis is placed on privilege control and identity privacy. In this paper, we introduce a semi-anonymous privilege control scheme, termed AnonyControl, which aims to safeguard not only data privacy but also user identity privacy within current access control frameworks. AnonyControl mitigates identity leakage by decentralizing the central authority, thereby achieving a level of semianonymity. Furthermore, it expands the concept of file access control to encompass privilege control, allowing for meticulous management of all operational privileges concerning cloud data. Additionally, we present AnonyControl-F, which effectively eliminates identity leakage and ensures complete anonymity. Our security analysis confirms that both AnonyControl and AnonyControl-F maintain security under the decisional bilinear Diffieâ€"Hellman assumption, while our performance evaluation demonstrates the practicality of our proposed schemes.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, privacy, encryption, access control.