Load Variation Effects on Power Transformer Efficiency: A MATLAB Simulation

Abstract: This project investigates the impact of varying electrical loads on the efficiency of power transformers through MATLAB-based simulation. Power transformers play a vital role in electrical power systems, and their efficiency is significantly influenced by the nature and magnitude of the connected load. Using transformer equivalent circuit modeling, the study incorporates essential parameters such as winding resistance, leakage reactance, and core magnetizing inductance. Simulations are conducted by varying both resistive and inductive loads to analyse how these changes affect input and output power, ultimately determining the transformer's efficiency under different operating conditions. The results demonstrate that transformer efficiency varies with load magnitude, reaching peak performance under optimal loading conditions while declining under light or excessive loads. Inductive loads, which introduce reactive power components, were also shown to reduce overall efficiency compared to purely resistive loads. These findings underscore the importance of effective load management for achieving energy savings, extending the operational lifespan of transformers, and ensuring efficient power distribution. The project concludes by suggesting future advancements involving real-time monitoring and adaptive control systems that could dynamically regulate transformer parameters in response to load variations, thereby maintaining optimal performance across diverse electrical

Keywords: Transformer, Efficiency, MATLAB Simulation, Loads variation.