IMPACT OF CENTER OF GRAVITY ON SPORTS PERFORMANCE: A BIOMECHANICAL AND PERFORMANCE-BASED REVIEW

Abstract: The center of gravity (CoG) is a fundamental biomechanical concept that plays a decisive role in determining efficiency, balance, and performance in sports. This study explores the relationship between CoG and sports performance across multiple disciplines, emphasizing how variations in body positioning, mass distribution, and stability influence athletic outcomes. A systematic review and biomechanical analysis were employed to examine how CoG interacts with balance, agility, strength, and skill execution in sports such as gymnastics, athletics, football, wrestling, and basketball. Findings suggest that lowering the CoG enhances stability and defensive performance, while elevating or dynamically shifting the CoG supports explosive movements, vertical jumps, and agility-based skills. Athletes who successfully manipulate their CoG demonstrate superior movement efficiency, reduced injury risk, and improved technical performance. The study highlights that optimizing CoG through training interventions-such as strength conditioning, flexibility, and sport-specific drills-can significantly enhance performance. Furthermore, gender, body composition, and anthropometric differences were identified as key factors influencing CoG and its application in sports. The discussion integrates biomechanical theory with practical implications for training, coaching, and injury prevention. The paper concludes that a deep understanding of CoG mechanics provides athletes and coaches with actionable strategies to maximize performance and efficiency in competitive sports.

Keywords: Center of Gravity, Balance, Sports Performance, Biomechanics, Stability, Agility, Athletic Training