Developing a Low-Cost Battery Management System with Arduino

Abstract: Rechargeable batteries in modern applications like electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems are critically dependent on Battery Management Systems (BMS) to operate properly as well as make them long-lasting. This paper discusses the implementation of a BMS using an Arduino, which is practically feasible being one of the inexpensive and reprogrammable microcontroller platforms. The battery management system is designed to monitor a 3p (3.7V) lithium-ion battery pack, tracking the state of charge and slowly balancing cells that have drifted beyond sensible limits between factory-calibrated values. It is designed to perform many key functions that include monitoring the battery parameters such as voltage and State of Charge (SoC), and protection against abnormal conditions such as over-charging and over-discharging for increased performance from the battery pack. To better manage all of these tasks, an Arduino-based BMS with little cost and just making it easier to customize. In this study, we described the development and implementation of an Arduino-based BMS. The battery pack status is monitored continuously in real-time using a Voltage sensor. Voltage sensors track the voltage levels of cells. Finally, the Arduino processes this data and applies algorithms to calculate the State of Charge (SoC), and based on these values it gives us immediate actions that need to be taken so as we can maintain our battery safe in working conditions So, we say that the design and construction of a Battery Management System is an easy and economical way to take care of safety, reliability & long-life cycle for high voltage rechargeable batteries. The paper offers a complete walkthrough to ensure that every component of the system is built and written properly, as well as showing off its top-level functionality benefits. This makes the Arduino-based BMS a significant stepping stone in battery tech and its use cases across an ever-changing-energy focus landscape.

Keywords: Battery Management System (BMS), State of Charge (SoC), Cell Balancing.