Automated Hydroponic System with Optimized Plant Growth Light Spectrum for Sustainable Indoor Agriculture

Abstract: This paper presents the design and development of an automated hydroponic system that integrates real-time monitoring and control of environmental parameters along with spectrum-optimized plant growth lighting to enhance crop yield in indoor farming environments. The system utilizes an Arduino Uno microcontroller to control pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water level, and temperature, while a spectrum-adjustable LED light setup provides suitable lighting conditions for different stages of plant growth. Sensors continuously monitor environmental conditions and transmit data to the controller, which adjusts nutrient supply and lighting accordingly. The structure is built using PVC channels with an efficient water circulation system to minimize wastage. Experimental results demonstrate improved growth rates, efficient nutrient utilization, and reduced water consumption compared to conventional soil-based farming methods. This smart hydroponic system offers a scalable and eco-friendly solution for sustainable urban agriculture, particularly in areas with limited arable land.

Keywords: Hydroponics, Smart Agriculture, Plant Growth Spectrum, Indoor Farming, Sensor-Based Monitoring, LED Grow Lights.