Analysis and enhancement of LCL consolidation by focusing on CHA procedures

Abstract: Less than Container Load (LCL) consolidation plays a vital role in international logistics, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises seeking cost-effective shipping solutions. However, inefficiencies in the Customs House Agent (CHA) procedures often hinder the timely and seamless execution of LCL shipments. This study analyzes the existing CHA procedures involved in LCL consolidation, identifying key bottlenecks such as document processing delays, lack of digital integration, and inadequate coordination among stakeholders. A systematic evaluation of these challenges is conducted using data collected from freight forwarders, CHAs, and port authorities. Based on the findings, the study proposes strategic enhancements including the adoption