VOLUME 10, ISSUE 9, SEPTEMBER 2023

Abstract: Osteoporosis is an illness that has an impact on bones, which exhibits a decrease in bone mass and a deterioration of the trabecular structures. Typically, the method used to detect it is bone densitometry, which measures the density of bones, which act in our body as a reservoir of calcium. However, it has been proven that it is possible to assist in the diagnosis of osteoporosis using radiological images by identifying and analyzing specific interest areas. The knowledge that medical professionals have allows the location of these areas within the images. However, it is very beneficial to have efficient and effective computer tools for detecting them, since the time that this process takes them can be excessive for large volumes of data. This work proposes a tool that allows, among other things, to detect in a semi-automatic way the regions of interest in the head of the femur bone and then apply assistance methods to the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Keywords: Osteoporosis, bones, radiology, segmentation.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the difference between male and female students studying undergraduate degree in English. A total of 100 male English and 100 female English students were selected from various affiliated colleges of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad. The data was collected from various students through the respondents in the form of self-designed questionnaire. The data was collected through the respondents in the form of various descriptive tests. The demographic information about, use of Facebook, use of WhatsApp, Participation in Debates, Participation in Essay Writing, Participation in Quizzes, Participation in Story Writing, Use of Internet and Participation in sports was obtained before seeking responses. The self-design questionnaire was used to measure the Divergent thinking of the students. The findings of the study revealed that significant differences were found in Divergent thinking between male and female students. It was found that male English students had better Divergent thinking than their counterparts.

Keywords: Gender, Divergent thinking, literature, students

Abstract: Because of the widespread availability of digital tools, innovative approaches to problem solving are on the upswing, and established markets have been reimagined. India's economy has felt the effects of the worldwide boom in the digital technology industry. The restaurant industry has gone digital, shifting to an e-commerce platform where customers can place orders using smartphones and have them delivered to their doorsteps. Zomato is the go-to app for those who want to order food online and peruse menus at their leisure. There are plenty of companies like Zomato. The effectiveness of Zomato's food packaging is investigated here. The research concluded that in order for Zomato to better serve its customers, the company should look into rural areas and create virtual restaurant tours. This research would shed light on the motivations behind online food retailers. Happiness and satisfaction are felt by users as a result of the app's various benefits. Customers' willingness to make online food purchases depends on how easily they can do so from their own homes. The study suggests that the widespread urbanisation taking place in India is to blame for the explosion of online meal delivery services. Websites that facilitate online food ordering have a bright future. Amenities, user comfort, and friendliness are what ultimately determine a website's success. Zomato's potential effects have been debated.

Keywords: Digitalization, Food delivery, Zomato, Packaging efficiency, online ordering, Customer satisfaction

Abstract: Courier services are essential to the smooth running of modern commerce. The advent of e-commerce has revolutionised the retail industry. In tandem, courier services have evolved and become more sophisticated. The courier industry is seeing a rise in quality-conscious consumers who know what they should demand from their service providers. This article reports on a study that examined the efficiency and timeliness with which professional couriers made their deliveries. This research is among the first to apply concepts from knowledge management and logistics management to the courier service sector. The researcher has gathered the necessary data for this study by administering a questionnaire. The goal of data analysis is to summarise and organise the data acquired in a way that provides answers to the research questions. This is accomplished via the use of a variety of interrelated statistical methods. To investigate the causes of complaints, questionnaires were distributed. A total of twenty-four questions were designed to elicit the desired information from the respondents. Eighty participants served as the primary data source. The study's data was examined with the help of the chi-square test and the simple percentage approach.

Abstract: In hot humid climates, such as the Guwahati, the air-cooling process of air conditioner can result in considerable amounts of water. In this paper quality and quantity analysis of condensate of air conditioner at the environmental condition of Guwahati city is done. Further estimation and forecasting the amount of condensate generation in Guwahati city is done for the next five years based on the sales of 1.5-ton split air conditioner. It is observed that only a single 1.5-ton AC can generate an average amount of 1.68 litters/hour of condensate in a typical day of August in the climatic condition of Guwahati. Further in this paper one attempt is made to find out the condensate generate potential of a 1.5-ton split air conditioner when the evaporator coil is integrated with a mixed air ventilation system (MAVS). It is observed that with MAVS the same1.5-ton split air conditioner can generate condensate of amount 2.30 Liters/hr.

Keywords: split air conditioner, AC, condensate, MAVS

Abstract: Slug flow visualization studies are described and presented. The experimental facility called the Low Pressure (LOWPRESS) rig was domiciled at Imperial College London. This study is aimed at a visual investigation of the nature of slugs as it move a long pipeline with respect to their aeration. Flows were studied for three situations, in a horizontal pipe with stratified flow ahead of the slugs, in 1 inclined pipe with downward stratified flows towards the slugs, and in a horizontal pipe with stationary liquid film, These three experiments will reveal how slug front is entrained with gas as it moves along a pipeline.

Keywords: slug flow, visualisation, high speed camera, gas entrainment

Abstract: Voltage stability is the ability of a power system to maintain steady acceptable voltages at all buses in the system under normal operating conditions and after being subjected to a disturbance. A system inters a state of voltage instability when a disturbance such as increase in load demand, or change in system condition causes a progressive and uncontrolled drop in voltage. The management of power systems has become more difficult than earlier because power systems are operating closer to security limits. One of the serious problems in power systems that can threaten the concept of power systems reliability and security is voltage instability. Therefore in recently the analysis of voltage stability is very important. This paper discusses study of voltage stability, and the eastern section of national Grid of Sudan (NGS) is selected as case study. Load flow analysis for the eastern part of NGS in the base case is done, and the results show that the voltage values are within rang. The results present a high voltage drop after fault occurrence in Halfa bus, and the all voltage buses are about 0.5 pu, which may lead to voltage instability. Simulation is done usin ETAP software.

Keywords: voltage stability, voltage collapse, Fault, voltage drop, ETAP

Abstract: The current study was carried out to investigate the improved utilisation of ingredients in the formulation of ready-to-eat paneer. During the optimising procedure, several concentrations of ingredients were optimised using sensory analysis. Sensory factors like colour and appearance, body and texture, flavour and overall acceptability were assessed. For the optimisation of the final ready-to-eat paneer, the best-judged level of ingredients was used. Ready to eat paneer was optimised with the sensory score of different levels of FOS, sugar and orange juice. Among the different levels of ingredients, the developed ready to eat paneer was optimised with 5 per cent FOS, 40 per cent sugar and 15 per cent orange juice.

Keywords: Paneer, FOS, sugar, orange juice, sensory analysis

Abstract: The "finned pile" is a modern modification method that is suggested in this thesis to enhance the capability of deep foundations exposed to uplift forces. On which these substantial foundations are built a variety of structures, including dock fendering systems, tower foundations, flooded platforms, and abutments. The alteration entails wrapping the area with two or four fins on the top, middle, and the buttom of the pile. Comparative small-scale model uplift testing was done on both standard piles without fins and piles with different fin designs in the study to enhance the effectiveness of each. The length ratio (Lf/Lp), width ratio (Wf/Wp), number, and shape of the fins were all systematically changed during the research. The studies shows that adding fins close to the pile top greatly increases the capability of the pile to withstand uplift forces. When comparing the two different fin designs evaluated, rectangular fins were found to perform better rather then triangular fins in terms of ultimate lifting capabilities. The ideal arrangement for maximizing the piles' maximum uplift capability resulted as to have a Lf/Lp ratio of 0.4. A higher fin width contributes to a higher capacity, the results also show a clear correlation between width of the rectangluar , triangular fins and uplift capacity of piles.

Keywords: ultimate uplift load, finned piles, load carrying capacity.

Abstract: The effect of source of milk on the yield and composition of Chhana and Rasagulla were studied. Highest yield of Chhana was observed in Buffalo milk (19.8. %) as compared to Cow (15.9%) and Goat milk (15.9%). Buffalo milk Chhana had shown higher protein (16.44 %), fat (29.72 %) and ash content (2.30 %) as compared to Cow (14.84, 24.84, and 1.94 %) and Goat milk Chhana (14.58, 25.84, and 1.98 %). The moisture content was significantly lower in Buffalo milk Chhana than Cow and Goat milk Chhana. The effect of source of Chhana on yield and chemical composition of Rasagulla was also carried out. Higher yield of Rasagulla was observed from Buffalo milk Chhana (18.56 %) followed by Goat milk Chhana (17.51 %) and Cow milk Chhana (16.35 %). Buffalo milk Rasagulla had shown higher protein (5.52 %), fat (6.51 %) and ash content (2.92 %) as compared to Cow milk Rasagulla (4.76, 4.94, and 2.51 %) and Goat milk Rasagulla (4.84 and 5.04 %).

Keywords: Chhana, Rasagulla, Buffalo milk, Cow Milk and Goat Milk, yield, and fat, SNF

Abstract: The study was carried out to know the effect of source of milk on the sensory and textural attributes of Chhana and Rasagulla. Highest sensory scores were allotted for Rasagulla prepared from cow milk followed by goat milk and lowest sensory scores were observed for Rasagulla obtained from buffalo milk due to poor body and texture. The textural attributes viz hardness, chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness, and springiness of Rasagulla prepared from cow, buffalo and goat milk were ascertained, Rasagulla prepared from buffalo milk had lowest springiness and highest hardness, gumminess and chewiness as compared to cow and goat milk Rasagulla.

Keywords: Chhana, Rasagulla, Buffalo milk, Cow Milk and Goat Milk, sensory attributes, textural characteristics.

Abstract: One of the causes of a structure's reduced capacity is a column that is discontinuous and is known as a floating or hanging column. It is frequently added to buildings either as result of customer requests or poor planning, making them more vulnerable during earthquakes. To increase the capacity or strength of such type of structures, lateral load resisting systems such as concrete bracing, shear wall, moment frames, dampers, etc are introduced in structures. The main purpose of the current study is to check which structure is more stable in seismic zone IV by comparing the results obtained by response spectrum analysis of three considered structures using ETABS software. By comparing all the result parameters such as displacement, storey drift, base shear, time period and storey stiffness, it can be concluded that the floating column structure with shear wall is more resistant to seismic activities.

Keywords: Floating column, bracing, shear wall, response spectrum method, displacement, storey drift, base shear, time period, storey stiffness.

Abstract: The problem of a piston movement in a confined space filled with gas, say a cylinder, is of interest in many engineering problems. This paper formulates a simple expression for the movement of a piston in a cylinder of expanding gas. A second order differential equation relates the displacement of the piston against time, in terms of the work done (say explosion in the system) and the mass of the piston. This equation has been numerically solved for certain illustrative values.

Keywords: Internal Ballistics, Gaussian Error Function, Numerical Solution, Explosion, Boundary Conditions, Third equation of motion

Abstract: The current research focuses on evaluating the uplift potential of piles with fins, which is crucial for constructing foundations for basin structure, electricity pylons, and other structures that need to withstand uplift loads. Various factors were examined, including the number of fins, the ratio of fin length to pile length (Lf/Lp), fin width, fin shape, and insertion of fins within the pile. These tests encompassed different fin position, entrenchment depth, enumerate of fins, and fin breadth. All the test results demonstrated that uplift resistance of finned piles increases with a higher Lf/Lp ratio. Moreover, for a fixed Lf/Lp ratio , the uplift-resistance of piles fabricated in sand improved as the sand's relative density increased. The number of fins exhibited a significant positive impact on the uplift resistance of finned piles. Increasing the fin width also resulted in an enhanced uplift capacity. The relative density of sand was found to have a substantial influence on the usefulness of finned piles. Rectangular-shaped fins were more resourceful than triangular fins. Positioning the fins at the pile head provided sufficient resistance to deformation. Overall, the findings specified that the uplift capacity of finned piles can be enlarged by increasing the Lf/Lp ratio (0.4), adopting a fin breadth of 1.0 times the pile dia (Dp), using wider fins, employing rectangular-shaped fins instead of triangular ones, and positioning the pile head fins.

Keywords: Uplift resistance, Relative Density, Fins, Deformation.

Abstract: The abstract presents a concise overview of the study involving the analysis of a multi-story building with a ground-plus-four (G+4) configuration in Seismic Zone 4. This research explores the structural behaviour, stability, and seismic performance of such buildings commonly found in urban environments prone to higher seismic activity. The investigation considers factors like material composition, load distribution, and vertical circulation systems. The study employs numerical simulations, potentially using software like PLAXIS, to assess the building's response to various loads and seismic forces. The goal is to enhance understanding of the building's behaviour and provide insights into its design and construction aspects, including foundation design, which are critical for ensuring both safety and functionality in Seismic Zone 4. By analysing a G+4 structure within this specific seismic context, this research contributes to the broader knowledge base concerning multi-story building dynamics and their implications for urban infrastructure development in areas of heightened seismic risk.

Abstract: This research investigates the behaviour of slopes during road construction on sloping terrains with a focus on the influence of water table variations and the effectiveness of soil nailing as a slope stabilization technique. The PLAXIS software is utilized to simulate the geotechnical aspects of the slope and analyse its stability and deformation under different water table conditions, both with and without the implementation of soil nailing. The study includes site investigation and data collection, conceptualization of the slope model, construction sequence simulation, and analysis of results. The simulation results demonstrate that elevated water tables lead to reduced slope stability, increased settlements, and horizontal displacements. However, the implementation of soil nailing shows promising results in improving slope stability and reducing deformations. The findings provide essential insights for the design and construction of road infrastructure in hilly areas with varying water table conditions. The research highlights the significance of considering soil nailing as a viable slope stabilization technique in mitigating the impact of water table fluctuations. It contributes to the development of design guidelines and recommendations that incorporate soil nailing for ensuring the safety and longevity of road projects in such terrains. However, the practical application of these guidelines requires consideration of site-specific factors and engineering expertise.

Abstract: An attempt was made to develop a millet based pasta by replacing durum wheat semolina (DWS) with a combination of sorghum flour (SF) and pearl millet flour (PMF) (50:50) at different ratios of blend i.e., 100:0, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. The developed millet based pasta from various levels were subjected for water solubility index (WSI) and water absorption index (WAI). It was interesting to record that the as the levels of millets (sorghum flour and pearl millet flour) increased there was notable decrease in the water solubility index. Conversely, the WAI increased significantly as the proportion of millets (sorghum flour and pearl millet flour) increased in the admixture.

Keywords: Water solubility index, Water absorption index, Sorghum flour, pearl millet flour, durum wheat semolina

Abstract: Aggregate crushers are essential equipment in the construction and mining industries for breaking large rocks down into smaller aggregates. Optimizing the performance of these crushers can lead to improved efficiency, productivity, and profitability. This paper examines various methods for optimizing aggregate crushers. Crusher optimization starts with choosing the correct crusher type and size based on the material being crushed and the desired output size distribution. Once installed, crushers can be optimized by adjusting critical operating parameters such as closed-side setting, eccentric throw, and rotational speed. Changing mantle and concave profiles is another way to improve performance and reduce wear. Choosing the optimal feed gradation for a given crusher chamber design can maximize throughput while minimizing excess fines generation. Proper utilization of screening equipment to control top size and circulate oversize material also improves crusher efficiency. Maintenance practices are also critical for optimization. Keeping mechanical components lubricated and lined wear parts at their optimal usable thickness reduces friction and maximizes service life. Regular inspections allow early detection of issues before they lead to failures. Performance monitoring systems provide valuable data to tune crushers in real-time. Lastly, improving crusher chamber and apron designs through innovations like rock boxes, dual durometer liners, and anti-packing baffles boosts particle size reduction. When properly optimized, aggregate crushers consume less energy per ton of material crushed and produce more consistent gradations and particle shapes. Overall optimization effectiveness depends on the specific crusher, feed material, and circuit configuration. A systems approach is required, analysing the entire crushing circuit rather than individual components in isolation.

Keywords: Aggregate Crushers, Crusher Optimization, Crushing Efficiency, Maintenance Practices, Process Monitoring

Abstract: A vital component of contemporary infrastructure development and construction is flexible paver equipment. To meet the increasing demands of building projects, flexible paver equipment has advanced greatly, enabling better efficiency and precision. The use of automation, improved performance features, and environmental considerations are important trends in flexible paver equipment. Additionally, it emphasizes how crucial these improvements are for expediting building procedures, lessening their negative effects on the environment, and raising the standard of flexible pavement installations as a whole. This article provides a window into the changing environment of flexible pavers equipment technologies for construction industry professionals and equipment makers.

Keywords: microprocessor, Automation, 3D paving control, Pavers, Sustainability.

Abstract: The construction industry is witnessing a paradigm shift in the way rigid pavements are laid, thanks to cutting-edge paving machines. These innovative machines have transformed the traditional methods of pavement construction, offering efficiency, precision, and sustainability. Paving machines for rigid pavements are equipped with state-of-the-art technology, enabling them to achieve superior levels of accuracy in pavement thickness and smoothness. They reduce manual labor, minimize material wastage, and expedite project timelines significantly, thereby reducing overall construction costs. These machines are versatile, accommodating a range of pavement designs and materials, from conventional concrete to advanced composite materials. Moreover, their automated control systems enhance safety by reducing human exposure to construction hazards. Furthermore, paving machines play a crucial role in promoting sustainability. They enable the recycling of old pavement materials, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and minimize the environmental footprint of construction projects. In summary, paving machines for rigid pavements represent a transformative force in the construction industry. Their precision, efficiency, and sustainability benefits make them indispensable tools for modern infrastructure development, ensuring durable and eco-friendly pavements for generations to come.

Keywords: Rigid pavement, paving machine, slip form pavers, fixed form pavers, white topping.

+91-7667918914 iarjset@gmail.com 0 Items International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN Online 2393-8021 ISSN Print 2394-1588 Since 2014 Home About About IARJSET Aims and Scope Editorial Board Editorial Policies Publication Ethics Publication Policies Indexing and Abstracting Citation Index License Information Authors How can I publish my paper? Instructions to Authors Benefits to Authors Why Publish in IARJSET Call for Papers Check my Paper status Publication Fee Details Publication Fee Mode FAQs Author Testimonials Reviewers Topics Peer Review Current Issue & Archives Indexing FAQ’s Contact Select Page Enhancing the Productivity of CMA Plant: A Review Jeevan T M, Prajwal L Abstract The Cold Mix Asphalt (CMA) plant represents a pivotal innovation in road construction technology. Unlike traditional hot mix asphalt production, CMA plants operate at ambient temperatures, minimizing energy consumption and environmental impact. This abstract explores the key aspects of CMA plants.CMA plants combine aggregates, bitumen emulsion, and additives to create a versatile asphalt mixture suitable for various road construction and maintenance applications. The absence of high-temperature requirements reduces fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with sustainability goals.CMA offers numerous advantages, including extended stockpiling capabilities, making it a cost-effective choice for road projects. Its adaptability to diverse weather conditions and ease of application make it invaluable for quick repairs and remote areas. In summary, CMA plants signify a significant shift towards sustainable road construction practices. Their ability to produce high-quality asphalt mixtures at lower temperatures not only reduces environmental impact but also enhances the efficiency and versatility of road maintenance and construction projects. This technology is poised to play a pivotal role in the future of infrastructure development.

Keywords: cold mix asphalt, mixing plant, environmental considerations, CO2 reduction. Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2023.10921 How to Cite: [1] Jeevan T M, Prajwal L, "Enhancing the Productivity of CMA Plant: A Review," International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2023.10921 Copy Citation Call for Papers Rapid Publication 24/7 April 2026 Submission: eMail paper now Notification: Immediate Publication: Immediately with eCertificates Frequency: Monthly Downloads Paper Format Copyright Form   Submit to iarjset@gmail.com or editor@iarjset.com   Submit My Paper Author CenterHow can I publish my paper? Publication Fee Why Publish in IARJSET Benefits to Authors Guidelines to Authors FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Author Testimonials IARJSET ManagementAims and Scope Call for Papers Editorial Board DOI and Crossref Publication Ethics Editorial Policies Publication Policies Subscription / Librarian Conference Special Issue Info ArchivesCurrent Issue & Archives Conference Special Issue Copyright © 2026 IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Open chat

Abstract: The Rapid growth of urbanisation in major metro cities in India, the urge for the construction of underground spaces has become a highly commendable topic around the corner in recent times. With the continuous development of social economy, the construction of projects has also shown a trend of rapid rise. With the exploration of construction techniques, comes the challenges of construction in heterogeneous geology at different project location. The subsurface characteristics and its behaviours is well studied and understood before proceeding towards the execution of the project. This helps in minimising Project cost and avoiding major losses due to surprises the Geological Characteristic of the Projects has. Various advanced technologies and the comparison of the construction machine and equipment have been applied to conclude the methods for construction projects in underground Spaces. One of which is the underground diaphragm wall, which is widely used in engineering construction technology. The construction period is short, for less affected by the geological conditions, the construction efficiency is relatively high, and the subject has been widely used in the current construction Scenarios in Underground space. This article will analyse the application of the construction technology of the diaphragm wall construction and put forward corresponding measures. This work performs an extensive literature survey and example investigation on the mitigation of slurry wall trenches during the construction of diaphragm wall panel trenches, and the failure modes of slurry wall trench instability, the stability theoretical analysis models and methods, the slurry formation and its protection mechanism, the influence of related factors on slurry wall trench stabilisation, and other related problems are summarized and analysed emphatically. Furthermore, an example application shows that the established slurry unit weight design method is reliable. At last, this paper also proposes the focus and direction for follow-up work, that is, to construct an accurate and effective theoretical analysis model of slurry wall trench instability considering the influence of multiple factors and the calculation method of the slurry cake and its mechanical or mathematical relationship with slurry quality.

+91-7667918914 iarjset@gmail.com 0 Items International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN Online 2393-8021 ISSN Print 2394-1588 Since 2014 Home About About IARJSET Aims and Scope Editorial Board Editorial Policies Publication Ethics Publication Policies Indexing and Abstracting Citation Index License Information Authors How can I publish my paper? Instructions to Authors Benefits to Authors Why Publish in IARJSET Call for Papers Check my Paper status Publication Fee Details Publication Fee Mode FAQs Author Testimonials Reviewers Topics Peer Review Current Issue & Archives Indexing FAQ’s Contact Select Page Pug Mill H A Varalakshmi Abstract - A pug mill plays a pivotal role in the construction industry, particularly in the context of Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) preparation. This essential equipment is designed to efficiently blend various construction materials such as aggregates, soil, cement, and water to create a uniform and well-mixed WMM base layer. The pug mill's operation involves a continuous process of mixing and homogenizing these components, ensuring that the resulting mixture meets the required specifications for road construction projects. Its ability to precisely control the proportion of each ingredient while maintaining consistency makes the pug mill a cornerstone of WMM production, enhancing the durability and quality of road infrastructure. In summary, the pug mill is an indispensable tool in the construction arsenal, facilitating the creation of robust and dependable WMM layers for road development and maintenance.
Key Words: Pugmill1, Wet Mix Macadam2 Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2023.10923 How to Cite: [1] H A Varalakshmi, "Pug Mill," International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2023.10923 Copy Citation Call for Papers Rapid Publication 24/7 April 2026 Submission: eMail paper now Notification: Immediate Publication: Immediately with eCertificates Frequency: Monthly Downloads Paper Format Copyright Form   Submit to iarjset@gmail.com or editor@iarjset.com   Submit My Paper Author CenterHow can I publish my paper? Publication Fee Why Publish in IARJSET Benefits to Authors Guidelines to Authors FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Author Testimonials IARJSET ManagementAims and Scope Call for Papers Editorial Board DOI and Crossref Publication Ethics Editorial Policies Publication Policies Subscription / Librarian Conference Special Issue Info ArchivesCurrent Issue & Archives Conference Special Issue Copyright © 2026 IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Open chat

Abstract: Lab experiments were carried out to characterize laterite soil in the soil mixture and its properties were evaluated to determine safe bearing capacity. Investigation was carried by changing the proportions of different soil in the soil mixture. The bearing capacity of soil was evaluated by employing standard footing dimensions and method, with regards to how mineralogy affects soil. It has considerable impact on the soils bearing ability. The findings of Experimental, analytical, numerical evaluations of soil mixture are documented in the literature. The application of the advanced decision making techniques is required for the geotechnical engineering design to produce the optimum outcomes. This work can be a guideline to apply soil mixed design in geotechnical engineering to improve the subsoil quality. Mixed soil technique can be employed for accurate understanding failure mitigation of soil foundation. By understanding all factors, which effected to soil, could be starting way of the improvement of any soil. ANN analysis of the study can be done.

Keywords: Bearing capacity, Mixed soil, Mechanical properties, ANN.

Abstract: The primary objective of asphalt plants is the quick, efficient manufacturing of high-quality asphalt concrete in huge quantities. Two varieties of plants are grown and used globally to achieve these goals. These are batch and continuous (drum-mix) plants. They are distinguished from one another by their production processes, as implied by their names. Asphalt concrete is manufactured continuously in continuous types as aggregate flow. Asphalt concrete is made in batch forms, one batch at a time. The primary manufacturing processes have not altered, but new processes and components have been introduced to plants as a result of technological advancements. This study's primary goal is to assess asphalt plant performance and compare it to actual applications. The first section of this paper introduces the essential tasks of plants independent of production mode and explains the production procedures of asphalt plants in order to achieve this goal. The primary functions of asphalt plants for continuous and batch type plants are contrasted in the second half of this essay. The benefits and drawbacks of each type of asphalt factory are described. Investigated are each type of asphalt plant's innovative production methods and parts. Finally, the production capabilities, product quality, quality control procedures, efficiency, and environmental tasks of the various plant types were compared. Additionally, production capacities-both theoretical and actual-costs, production losses, and quality losses resulting from various application-related issues are explored.

Keywords: Batch Mix Plant (HMP), Drum Mix Plant (HMP).

Abstract: Systematic investigations were conducted to record the dairy farming activities midst urban area of Mysore during May, 2023 to August, 2023. Total 60 dairy farmers from 27 areas were randomly selected using pre-tested questionnaire. Altogether, 60 parameters which covers socio-economic conditions of dairy farmers, cow breeds, feeding, hygienic conditions, disease management, manure used and milk marketing etc, were considered. Scientific data was compiled and systematically analyzed using standard methods. Data indicated quite interesting results. Majority (61.7%) of dairy farmers belong to the middle age group (35-55 years), and it was followed by 23.3, 13.3 and 1.7% dairy farmers respectively young (24-34 years), old age (56-70 years) and 70 years age group. Among the different age groups, only 53.3% dairy farmers had high school education and it was followed by below high school and pre-university level education respectively 16.7 and 11.7%. Only 10% dairy farmers had graduation and 8.3% were illiterates. Interestingly, 95% dairy farmers were male and only 5% female folk were involved with dairy farming. Moreover, 53.3% dairy farmers had more experience (20-40 years) in this activity and 6.7% are doing this activity since 40 years and considered it as legacy and as self-employment. Surprisingly, most of the dairy farmers (98.3%) didn't have any training on dairy farming and 1.7% dairy farmers have attended the training on modern dairy farming activities. In Mysore, pure breeds both exotic and indigenous origin along with cross breeds was used in dairy farming. Holstien-Friesian and Jersey cattle breeds semen was artificially inseminated with indigenous cattle breeds to produce crossbreed cows. Cross breeds were used more (75%) than local breeds or pure breeds (13.3%). The cow breeds namely Holstein-Friesian, Bargur, Hullikar, Alambadi and Amritmahal were respectively used 4.7, 1.7, 1.4, 1.2 and 1%. In Mysore, milking from the cattle is being done majorly (93.3%) by males and many families hire milkmen to collect milk from the cows on daily wage basis. However, only 6.7% female folk are involved in milking activity. Majority (73.3%) of the dairy farmers keep only cows and around 26.7% dairy farmers keep cows along with hen, goat and sheep. Further, dairy farmers having small to medium and large cow herd size with minimum 2 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 21 respectively by 35, 26.7, 36.6% dairy farmers. Surprisingly, dairy farmers are practicing dairy farming on their own without hiring a labour to maintain the cows. Total 61.7% dairy farmers were practicing zero grazing, where cows are not allowed to graze openly. Only 25% dairy farmers were practicing semi-intensive grazing and 13.3% dairy farmers were practicing extensive grazing. Cows were fed with different quantity of feed that was depended on age and milking status. Further, hygienic practices followed during milking, equipments used for milking, storage and transportation and disease management practices followed were as per the standard norms followed by the dairy farmers. Overall, most of the dairy farmers are happy with their profession and earning good returns despite fulfilling the household requirement in Mysore city.

Keywords: Socio-economic conditions, cow breeds, rearing status, Mysore.

Abstract: This article presents a comprehensive overview of research conducted on the behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams containing various types of openings. Over the last forty years, extensive investigations have been carried out to assess the structural integrity of different types of beams, including simply supported, continuous, and T-beams with large rectangular openings, subjected to torsion, bending, and shear forces. More recently, there has been a growing trend in utilizing Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) as an external reinforcement system to enhance and refurbish concrete structures. FRP is commonly employed as an external reinforcement method for the repair and retrofitting of damaged reinforced concrete components. However, there has been limited research on the application of FRP laminates as external reinforcement specifically around openings. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is a prevalent choice for external reinforcement to meet the strength requirements associated with flexural and shear forces in structural systems.

Keywords: Reinforced Concrete Beam, strengthening of rcc beam, CFRP, Beam Openings, Retrofitting.

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the extensive body of research pertaining to the strengthening of beams with openings using Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP). Openings in structural beams, necessitated by functional requirements such as accommodating services or architectural designs, introduce complexities that demand specialized strengthening techniques to ensure structural integrity and performance. The challenges associated with beams featuring openings, ranging from the reduction in load-carrying capacity to potential stress concentration. It then delves into the evolution of FRP materials and solution for retrofitting and enhancing structural members, including Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP), Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP). A critical analysis of the existing research explores various strengthening techniques involving FRP laminates and wraps applied externally, internally, or in combination around openings. The review also discusses the influence of factors such as adhesive systems, fiber orientation, and installation methods on the effectiveness of FRP strengthening. Identifies research gaps and potential areas for further exploration, ultimately serving as a valuable resource for researchers, and practitioners involved in the rehabilitation and enhancement of structural systems with openings.

Keywords: CFRP, GFRP laminates, RC beams, opening of beams, failure crack pattern, strengthening of beams.

Abstract: The goals of using herbal plants as sources of therapeutic agents depends on many forms such as, bioactive compounds that can be isolated for direct use as drugs, or to produce bioactive compounds as pharmacological tools or to use the whole plant or part of it as a herbal remedy. The basic herbs have the answer with no side effects and effective remedies and the golden fact is use of herbal treatment is independent of any age group. When two or more herbs are used in the formulation they are known as polyherbal formulations. The traditional plant drugs are beneficial for several skin related problems and for wound healing. The present study has been undertaken to establish the antibacterial activity of Tridax procumbens, Curcuma aromatic, Aloe barbedensis. Herbal medicines are plant based medicines made from differing combinations of plant parts. E.g. leaves, flowers and roots. Each part can have different medicinal uses. Tridax procumbens, C.aromatica and Aloe barbedensis has been used for healing dermal wound. This is rich in alkaloids, steroids, carotenoids, flavonoids (such as catechins, centaurein and bergenins), fatty acids, phytosterols, tannins and minerals. It possesses anticoagulant, antioxidants, antiseptic, and antimicrobial.

Keywords: Tridax procumbens, Curcuma aromatica, Aloe barbadensis, tropical ointment, polyherbal ointment formulation, soap formulation, sanitizer formulation, antibacterial activity.

Abstract: A cable-stayed bridge is being built more frequently every day. Cable-stayed bridges are a good option for crossing waterways or crowded metropolitan areas because they combine structural effectiveness, aesthetic perks, and urban design advantages. This work investigates the dynamic analysis of cable-stayed bridges using various cable arrangements. The reaction forces of deck are transmitted to the pylon by the cable. Pylon transfers the weight of cables to the foundation. Modelling and analysis of the cable-stayed bridge with different cable arrangements are done using the MIDAS CIVIL software. The arrangement of the cables in 'Fan', 'Harp' and 'Semi-fan' shapes were taken into consideration. All three bridges share the same materials and sectional characteristics, while the moving load is provided according to IRC:6-2000 loading. Three nonlinear dynamic behaviour of bridges were examined as part of the seismic analysis part using Time History data from the 1940 El Centro earthquake. Many factors are examined, including axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments. And using time history analysis, six different modes were examined. Unit pretension and optimal pretension were studied between three cable arrangements of cable stayed bridges. To understand the advantages of cable optimisation in cable-stayed bridges. According to the result, as complexity rises, structural behaviour changes. After comparing the results, it is determined which cable arrangement performs the best and most poorly. And optimization of cables plays vital role in stability of cable stayed bridge is observed.

Keywords: Fan, Semi-fan, Harp, Cable stayed bridge, Time history

Abstract: Most of the us who own a computer use uninterruptible power supply as a backup source to charge our computer. It is an important device present in offices, libraries, universities, industries, data centers etc. UPS is designed so well to offer temporary power during outages and maintain steady power supply during fluctuation from the utility lines. The UPS system has an inverter which recreates the AC power from the DC power stored in the battery bank. The UPS is first introduced in 1934 and it has a quite interesting story. This paper describes the development of UPS from 19th century till now and explains about the future trends of the UPS technology and how it benefits the customer.

Keywords: Uninterruptable power supply, electricity, safety, trends

Abstract: Many studies examine the effects of a knowledge management, self-directed learning, emotion intelligence, and creative performance. It means that a very closed link between emotions and learning, and emotion give influence or their impact on the learning process. Adults as well as children can be influenced in their ability to direct their learning process by emotions. Emotion functions help one to remember their study results and at the same time distract them from the learning topic. That is, emotion results present different perspectives of negative and positive emotions in learning. Currently, online education is increasing and important method as one of education areas. However, we do not have an effective result because of online system. This paper suggests method to analyze efficiency of online education through the analysis of face emotion patters Face emotion patterns is different depending on race, person, and environment. First, this paper provides the results of Korean facial emotion pattern analysis to use for effective results analysis of online education. The facial emotional expression pattern, such as happiness, anger, sadness, embarrassment, injury neutral, and pleasure, is different depending on the person and country, and the results of its recognition accuracy are different depending on the learning method and structure (DCGAN, Cycle GAN, PixelGAN, DiscoGAN, StyleGAN, transfer learning). This paper analyses Korean facial emotional data created by the agency for AI infra, using DCGAN, and provides the analysis results of facial emotional patterns for another user's easing use.

Keywords: deep learning, DCGAN, face emotion, online education, Korean face emotion.

Abstract: This paper deals with studying strategy about impact of generative AI (Artificial Intelligence) on the factor of Korean economy growth. To study classification of impact factors Korean economy growth, we suggest dynamic equation of microeconomy and study methods on economy growth impact of generative AI. Next step is to suggest deep learning model to dynamic equation with Korean economy data with growth related factors to classify what factor is import and dominant factors to build policy and education. Generative AI give an influence in many areas because it can be implemented with ease as just normal editing works and speak including code development by using huge data. Currently, young generations will take a big impact on their job selection because generative AI can do well as much as humans can do it everywhere. Therefore, policy and education methods should be rearranged as new paradigm. However, government and officers do not understand well how it is serious in policy and education. This paper provides method of policy and education for AI education including generative AI through analysing many papers and reports, and experience.

Keywords: ChatGPT, Generative AI, Korean economy growth, Economic growth factors, Deep learning.

Abstract: Systematic investigation was conducted to record the ornamental fish's entrepreneurship and its status in Mysore during May, 2023 to August, 2023 using pre-tested questionnaire by following standard methods. Total 50 aquarium shops were selected randomly at 31 different places in Mysore. Around, 26 different parameters pertaining to the ornamental fishery were considered during the study and the data revealed quite interesting results. Altogether, 115 ornamental fish species which belong to 14 orders and 26 families were used in aquariums. The Cyprinidae and Cichlidae family members were predominantly used by entrepreneurs and which represented respectively 26.9 and 20.8%. Surprisingly, 107 exotic fish species and eight indigenous fish species were used by entrepreneurs who represented 96.4 and 6.6% respectively. In Mysore, Udayagiri area has more number of aquarium shops, accounted 22% and it was followed by Vijayanagara (10%) and Kuvempunagara (8%). Ornamental fish's entrepreneurs were using both Cauvery river water and bore well water respectively 60 and 20% and remaining 20% entrepreneurs didn't reveal clearly the source of water for ornamental fish culture. The entrepreneurs are graduates (30%) and under-graduates (28%) who are doing ornamental fish trading business on medium scale level (58%). Moreover, 78% men and 22% women folk were involved in this activity. Nearly, 82% ornamental fish's entrepreneurs preferred integrated type of business. Only, 10% entrepreneurs were doing ornamental fishes business exclusively for commercial purpose. Majority of the entrepreneur's preferred artificial pellet feeds to feed ornamental fishes that account 56%. Around 40% of the entrepreneurs prefer to feed both natural and artificial feeds. The most preferred artificial feed was Optimum and Taiyo. The maintenance of aquariums, materials used, waste (both solid and liquid) management, water recycling, plants and decorative items marketing and economics of ornamental fishery are followed as per the standard methods. Further, commonly occurring fish diseases such as white spot, fin rot, tail rot; bacterial, fungal and viral diseases were managed using standard methods. Among the diseases, white spot disease prevalence was 21.3% and it was followed by fungal infection (14.9%) and fin rot and tail rot diseases (12.6% each) and controlled by using Bactonil, Paracidol and Anti-itch medicines. Overall, ornamental fish keeping activity is considered as one of the profitable businesses by many people in Mysore. Mysore is one of the tourist's hubs; ornamental fishery is getting good startup and hence more scope is prevailed in this activity. To get more employment opportunities and good returns, ornamental fishery activities requires encouragement from the government and from the consumers, hobbyists and others who are keeping ornamental fishes in their aquariums for display.

Keywords: Ornamental fishes, entrepreneurship, status, Mysore.

Abstract: Experiments were carried out at different stratified air-water flow settings as well as different liquid 'slug' push in rates. The experimental facility, the LOTUS (Long Tube System) facility, was then situated in the Pilot Plant area of the Department of Chemical Engineering at Imperial College London. Understanding the nature of slugs and characterizing them help significantly in slug flow modelling. Some of the properties of slug determined in this work, include liquid film height, slug film height, film holdup, slug holdup, slug front velocity and the slug length. Though, the slugs were not generated due to high gas-liquid velocities, the results compared favourably with previous work and models on characteristics of slug flow.

Keywords: LOTUS (Long Tube System), gas-liquid, slug flows.

Abstract: The present study was conducted by analyzing the management and production performance of backyard poultry farming at Gollarakoppalu village, Hassan district, Karnataka during 2023. This comprehensive study includes primary data collection with respect to history, status, production, reasons of raising, breeds, breeding system, feeding, health, housing management and economics on backyard poultry breeds based on structured questionnaires. The results revealed that significant variations among backyard poultry varieties in the farms and their adaptability to disease tolerance as well as productivity. Also, high return on investment was the major reason for adapting improved poultry breed followed by low investment and high growth rate. Further, there has been a common practice to use indigenous breeds in backyard poultry, but these days improved chicken breeds are introduced in farming because of poor and slow production of eggs by native chickens. Hence, the factors that play crucial role in inhibiting and proliferation of backyard poultry husbandry may determine the success of backyard poultry in a particular region. Thus, it can be concluded that the present study suggests key points for improved backyard poultry production.

Keywords: Backyard poultry farming, Management Practices, Production and Economics, Hassan district.

Abstract: The mobile application for estimation of house prices has revolutionized the real estate industry by providing homeowners and potential buyers with a convenient and reliable tool to assess the value of properties. This introduction explores the significance and benefits of such a mobile application. In the dynamic and ever-evolving real estate market, accurate estimation of house prices plays a crucial role for homeowners looking to sell their properties at fair market value and for potential buyers seeking to make informed purchase decisions. Traditionally, house appraisals were conducted by professional appraisers or real estate agents using manual methods and subjective assessments. However, with the advent of mobile applications and advanced technologies, the process of estimating house prices has been transformed. This abstract explores the key features and benefits of such an application. By utilizing android studio, java and centerline method, the app considers various factors including property size, dimensions, amenities, and market trends to generate reliable estimates. This enables homeowners to assess the value of their properties and potential buyers to make informed decisions. The mobile app promotes transparency and fairness in quantity take-off by providing objective information and reducing reliance on subjective opinions. Ultimately, the mobile application on estimation of house prices enhances efficiency, facilitates better decision-making, and contributes to a more efficient and transparent real estate market.

Keywords: Estimation of House, Center Line Method, Android Studio and Java.

Abstract: This study explores the relationship between the water-cement ratio compressive strength, water absorption and flexural strength in M35 grade concrete, a widely utilized high-strength mix in the construction industry. The research investigates how the compressive and flexural strength of M35 grade concrete changes when the water - cement ratio ranges from 0.35 to 0.50 after 7,14 and 28 days curing period. In this experiment, fabricated 150 mm cubes of M35 grade concrete following the guidelines outlined in IS 10262:2009 (Guidance on mix design). The results revealed a decrease in compressive and flexural strength with an increase in the water-cement ratio. The highest compressive strength and flexural strength recorded after 28 days were 39.55 N/mm² and 3.35 N/mm² respectively at a water-cement ratio of 0.40. Water absorption test was also carried on a set of cubes at 28 days. But, the highest water absorption was recorded 0.83% at a water cement ratio of 0.45. This indicates the significant role of water-cement ratio in concrete production. By selecting an appropriate water-cement ratio, one can achieve an effective, cost-efficient, and suitably strong concrete mix. These findings are valuable for engineers in making informed decisions when using M35 concrete in construction projects, contributing to more resilient and environmentally-conscious building practices.

Keywords: Water cement ratio, Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Water absorption, M35, Design mix

Abstract: The study is focused on a multi-family building block of flats type and includes an energy analysis on its construction and installations elements. Results conclude with energy performance indicators and recommendations for additional energy efficiency measures. Different packages of measures were analysed for economical efficiency and appropriate conclusions are drawn. It is thus shown how a building can approach conditions compatible with "nearly zero" energy consumption from classical sources, with reasonable costs for owners

Keywords: Nearly Zero Energy, Energy Performance, Solar Energy, Bio-Gas, Rain Water Harvesting, DEWATS

Abstract: This review-type analysis delves into the prevalent communication gaps between the government and the public, examining three distinct levels of governance: The Government of India (GoI), the Government of Uttar Pradesh (GoUP), and the District Level administrations. Effective communication is crucial for achieving good governance, fostering transparency, public participation, and trust in the government. However, several barriers hinder efficient communication. At the national level (GoI), the complex hierarchical structure often leads to delays and inefficiencies in disseminating information to the public. Additionally, linguistic diversity challenges ensuring that official communications are comprehensible to all citizens. Moreover, limited accessibility to information in rural and remote areas further exacerbates communication gaps.

Keywords: Communication, Development, Government, Governance, Media.

Abstract: Damage to the retina that impairs vision is a Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), a common side effect of diabetes mellitus and it may cause blindness if not caught in time. Regrettably, DR is irreversible, and therapy can only preserve eyesight. If DR is identified and handled right away, visual loss may be prevented. In contrast to computer-aided diagnostic techniques, it takes a lot of time, effort, money, and misdiagnosis for ophthalmologists to manually diagnose DR retina fundus photos. When it comes to medical picture analysis and classification, deep learning has quickly become among the most well-liked methods due to its improved performance. In medical image processing, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are most well-liked and successful deep learning (DL) technology. In this paper, we analyse and examine the advanced methods for applying deep learning to identify and categorise DR colour fundus images. Furthermore, an overview of the fundus retina DR colour datasets that are currently accessible has been provided. We also talk about some of the other difficult subjects that need additional research.

Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetes, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Retina.

Abstract: The earth's climate is dynamic and changes have picked up momentum due to manmade and natural factors. This poses a wide range of threats and challenges to the law makers

Keywords: climate energy environment policy laws pollution

Abstract: Mobile Application Development on mix design of concrete is a development of app built using Android Studio which makes the lengthy process of calculations very simple by just selecting the desirable properties of elements. Concrete mix design comprises of five major elements in different proportion: cement, water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate (sand), and air. Some elements such as admixture and pozzolonic materials can be included to give it certain desirable properties. Design of concrete mix is done by using IS code tables and calculation provided in the standard. Every grade of concrete has a unique properties and design process. Using xml code, mix design for various grades of concrete and combinations of additional materials can be implemented with ease. The work also states the use of mineral admixtures with partial replacement of basic ingredients of concrete. In our research, we prepared an extensive database of concrete recipes with the according destructive laboratory tests to get the desired strength and required durability. The mobile app aims to simplify the process of mix design, which typically involves complex calculations and considerations of various factors such as strength, workability, durability, and environmental conditions.

Keywords: Concrete Mix Design, Android Studio, Mobile app, IS code.