VOLUME 3, ISSUE 5, MAY 2016

Abstract: Recently, a fast evolution of structures in urban centres attended by a dearth of beneficial areas has pushed the specialists to recover soil properties in order to carry the applied loadings of structures. One of the technology of soil advancement is use of admixtures. In Iraq, the tires Reclaim are produced by Ministry of Industry and Metals with low costs because it is considered as a by-product of tires manufacturing. This paper concerned with investigates the use of Reclaim as additive to soil. The effect of Reclaim on California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of sandy soil is studied. Many of laboratory tests was carried out on the original soil (0% Reclaim) and using 0.5%, 2%, 4% Reclaim by the weight of soil. A CBR laboratory tests on soil samples without and with Reclaim under 4 days soaking condition to simulate the long-term soaking case. The results show that the dry unit weight of sandy soil increase when the Percent of Reclaim increase. Also, for all cases (0%, 0.5%, 2% and 4%) Reclaim, CBR increase as the dry unit weight increase for each case. The main important conclusion conducted that CBR decrease when the percent of Reclaim increase, thus, use of Reclaim do not improve the soil to carry the applied loads, the increment in CBR varies from 7.6% to 68.8%.

Keywords: Improvement soil, CBR, Rclaim, Tires waste.

Abstract: Now a day's data of an individual is sensitive. Everybody does not want to disclose their sensitive information. To achieve this user need to secure the sensitive data. Search engine also need to be personalized. This paper intends a design or a structure for securing the sensitive data including correct delivery of search results. The user should provide keywords for search engine before only. Based upon the content otology and location ontology the appropriate results will be displayed. User entered keyword will be encrypted. This paper also focuses the storage of data, so hadoop is used in order to store any type of data.

Keywords: Sensitive data, personalized search engine, content ontology, location ontology.

Abstract: Due to the excellent error control performance in many communication systems Convolution encoder and Viterbi decoder are widely used. In coding techniques the number of symbols in the source encoded message is increased in a controlled manner in order to facilitate two basic demand at the receiver one is Error detection and other is Error correction. The amount of error detection and correction required and its efficiency depends on the signal to noise ratio (SNR). The technology based on Non Line of Sight (NLOS) ability to make the system very attractive for users, but there will be a little higher BER at low SNR. Coding is a technique where redundancy is added to original bit sequence to increase the reliability of the communication. This paper presents a review on hardware implementation of Convolution Encoder with power efficient architecture. The results of this architecture will decrease the dynamic power and HW cost with lower design complexity as comparing to conventional method.

Keywords: Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), Forward Error Correction (FEC), Convolutional Code (CC), Non Line of Sight (NLOS).

Abstract: In aviation non-destructive techniques are used to prevent the failure of aircraft components, to find the cause of failure, how the failure has occurred and steps to be taken to prevent the failure of such components. Aircraft wheels take the impact during landings and assist in taxiing, take off etc. Fatigue cracks and pitting corrosion on the mating surface of aircraft wheel hub is found using eddy current inspection method and cracks on bolts (occurring on thread and shaft region) are found using either magnetic particle inspection or fluid penetrant inspection. The crack was found on the mating region the aircraft wheel hub.

Keywords: Wheel hub assembly, Fatigue crack, Non-Destructive testing.

Abstract: Disasters such as network failure, hardware crash, and application failure are some of the common problems in IT services. It is crucial for cloud service providers to provide seamless services to their customers even if their servers are down, due to a disaster. A simplified interface is introduced to the customers of disaster recovery-cloud to adapt the heterogeneity of cloud service providers. We propose a fault-tolerant multi-cloud storage called DR-Cloud (Disaster recovery cloud). This service makes use of DR-XOR (Disaster Recovery Exclusive or) code which maintains data redundancy and uses less repair traffic during data transfer. DR-Cloud is implemented on both local/commercial clouds and DR-XOR code helps to achieve reasonable performance during cloud interactions. This system is also built with an authentication mechanism using MD5 algorithm.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, DR-Cloud, multi-cloud storage system, DR-XOR code, fault-tolerant storage, Exclusive-or operation.

Abstract: As it is known that the backbone the country's economy is agriculture. Nowadays, the youngsters are not giving importance to the agriculture since the agricultural firms are not fully computerized for enhancing productivity. Hence, the agricultural firms are aimed to computerize their operations in order to increase the productivity. This objective motivates this paper to develop an agriculture classification system with higher accuracy. Moreover, this paper proposes a deferential evolution technique with attribute selection to improve the accuracy in agriculture classification. This proposed system is tested on the various real world benchmark datasets. For evaluating the proposed system the different classification algorithms namely function based logistic classifier, instance classifier namely K-star and tree based logistic model trees (LMT) are used. The experimental results of the proposed system are promising with higher classification accuracy.

Keywords: Agriculture classification system, differential evolution algorithm, agriculture productivity.

Abstract: In this paper, the energy and exergy analysis of a thermal power plant is done at two different loads i.e. 100% and 70% load. The energy and exergy at inlet and outlet point of each component is calculated and specified with the help of data taken from the plant. The first and second law efficiency for each component of thermal power plant is calculated separately for design and off design load. The analysis shows that at design load maximum amount of exergy destruction occurs in the boiler, which is around 42% of the total exergy produced by the burning of coal and maximum energy loss occurs in the condenser which is 68.79%. The comparison of the performance of Plant is done at design and off design load and it is found out that plant performance is better at design load than its performance at off design load. The exergy destruction in boiler increases to 59% at off design load. Exergy efficiency of the boiler is significantly reduced at off design load than any other component of thermal power plant like turbine; boiler feed pump, heaters etc.

Keywords: Energy, Exergy, Exergy Destruction, Efficiency.

Abstract: In this review paper it is to be discussed about the importance of copper nanoparticles, their different synthesis strategies and how these differ from one another in various aspects. Then also mentioned about the various characterization techniques employed for the identification of prepared copper nanoparticles on different parameters.

Keywords: XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, EDX, AFM.

Abstract: In this paper, an ATmega32 based system for blood oxygen saturation and temperature monitoring using GSM is developed to measure patient's oxygen percentage and body temperature in real time. Two sensors LM35 and thermistor are used to measure temperature and SPO2 sensor is used to calculate oxygen percentage in blood. Nowadays many people are dying because of various health problems so a device will be designed to keep track on patient which should be easy to use, portable, light weighted, small size so that it gives freedom of mobility for patient. The devices which can be carried everywhere to keep track on patients health. The system is for home use by patients that are not in critical condition but need to be constant or periodically monitored by clinician or family. In any critical condition the SMS is send to the doctor or any family member so that we can easily save many lives by providing them quick services.

Keywords: Sensors, oxygen saturation, temperature monitoring, patient.

Abstract: The widespread use of computers and the advent of the internet has made it easier to plagiarize the work of others. Most cases of plagiarism are found in academia where documents are typically essays or reports. Detection of plagiarism can be manual or software assisted. Software assisted detection and analysis allows vast collections of documents to be compared to each other making accurate and successful detection.Document clustering is the application of cluster analysis to textual documents. It has applications in the automatic document organization, topic extraction and fast information retrieval. In technical publishing authorship of a work are claimed by those making intellectual contributions to the completion of the research described in the work. Analysis of this work is termed as authorship analysis.

Keywords: Clustering, Author identification, k-means.

Abstract: Non-destructive testing (NDT) is the most economical way of performing inspection. NDT is used in aircraft maintenance to detect cracks in aircraft. In this paperNDT techniques are used for inspection in Boeing 757-200 aircraft wing for detecting cracks in slat and flap section of the wing. The inspection is carried out by using two main NDT methods, ultrasonic bond testing and eddy current testing. As a result slat section inspection reveals the skin to core disbonding of wedge after particular flight cycle. Flap section shows cracks in support fitting assembly of inboard flaps. The inspection is carried out using two main NDT methods, ultrasonic testing and eddy current testing. Eddy current testing is used in flap section, and is mostly used for detection of fatigue cracks or stress corrosion. These failure of slats and flaps section causes reduced controllability of the aircraft.

Keywords: Non-destructive testing, disbonding, bond testing, eddy current inspection.

Abstract: Security, efficiency and reliability remains to be the major requirements of a MANET. However, there exists tradeoffs in each of the requirements and not all the three can be achieved to its maximum extent. This paper uses the three-opt variant of ACO with high emphasis towards exploration. The three-opt variant operates by identifying the shortest path after every ant in the system has identified a complete path. Simulated Annealing (SA) is used to identify the best path from these available set of paths. The major concentration of this approach is to obtain an equilibrium point for best efficiency and time. Experiments were conducted using several datasets and the efficiency and randomness observed in the obtained paths revealed that the algorithm performs effectively.

Keywords: MANET, Routing, ACO, Multipath Routing, Simulated Annealing.

Abstract: Conventional spatial queries, such as nearest neighbor retrieval, involve only conditions on objects geometric properties. Today, many modern applications call for novel forms of queries that aim to find objects satisfying both a spatial predicate, and a predicate on their associated texts. For example, instead of considering all the restaurants, a nearest neighbor query would instead ask for the restaurant that is the closest among those whose menus contain steak, brandy all at the same time. Currently the best solution to such queries is based on the IR2-tree, has a few deficiencies that seriously impact its efficiency. Motivated by this, we develop a new access method called the spatial inverted index that extends the conventional inverted index to cope with multidimensional data, and comes with algorithms that can answer nearest neighbor queries with keywords in real time. As verified by experiments, the proposed techniques outperform the IR2-tree in query response time significantly, often by a factor of orders of magnitude.

Keywords: Nearest Neighbor Search, Keyword Search, Spatial Index.

Abstract: Skeletonization is transformation of a component of a digital image into a subset of the original component. There are hundreds of publications on different aspects of these transformations. This paper reports contributions in this area with respect to properties of watershed, thinning and skeletonization algorithms. On application of these algorithms on different images, the results show that we can obtain characteristics of centerline or contour depending on the image. In this paper, it is proposed to apply morphological dilation operation with skeletonization to get results that are more effective. The algorithms are tested over many sample images. Hence it may be concluded that the development, choice and modification of such algorithms in practical applications are domain and task dependent, and there is no best method. By these experimental results, the images can be better classified by using properties of the resulting set in existing skeletonization algorithms for centerline or contour.

Keywords: skeletonization, watershed, thinning and shape simplification.

Abstract: Statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) have recently shown that the disease and mortality rates of the entire world population greatly depend on the quality of healthcare access. Access to proper healthcare in each and every part of the world is a major hurdle we have yet to overcome. The attention and focus towards providing reliable healthcare access to even the most remote areas of the world is increasing day by day and has become a major issue. This paper presents a feasible solution in the form of automated medical diagnosis and treatment of diseases for those masses that are deprived the access to experienced professional healthcare. It focuses more on the diagnosis part and the challenges which should be overcome while achieving this feat.

Keywords: Decision making, Pattern recognition, Association rule.

Abstract: Gadchiroli district is the Easternmost and largest district of Maharashtra (India), and 76% of land is covered by forest which is also one of most backward region in Maharashtra and India too and having majority of aboriginal population. Various tribal packets are still off-road and off-development. Tribals of this are still in harmony with nature they produce the food of their basic needs but their produce is not sufficient to last long therefore they face scarcity of resources. The documentation of Indigenous knowledge is one of the urgent needs of time because as the time will pass the old age generations will pass away and with them the valuable indigenous knowledge too. In present study the authors have documented 32 taxa from 25 families with their method of use by the tribal population. No such investigation has been carried out in Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra state (India) prior to this attempt.

Keywords: Scarcity food, Wild edible, Aboriginal, Tribal, Ethno botany, Indigenous Knowledge, Gadchiroli.

Abstract: The fiber reinforced concrete is one of the important topics as it is a means to replace conventional concrete ingredients by considering new ideas and materials. In this attempt, we tried to replace the cement by some percentage of human hairs & coarse aggregate by Polypropylene (PP). The length of the human hair used in this experiment varied from 3 cm to 6 cm and the first class polypropylene were used. The idea behind this selection is to use such a material which is harmful to the nature and also non degradable. The various combinations of percentages used in this study are 1) 4%hair +0%PP 2) 4%hair +1%PP 3) 4%hair +2%PP 4) 4%hair +3%PP. For testing all those proportions, M-25 grade Concrete was used. The compressive strength of the specimens were tested & it was observed that the Compressive strength of the composite concrete was maximum at combination 4%hair +2%PP and then it started reducing. In this paper, the details of the work done are discussed in detail.

Keywords: Human hairs, PP, Composite concrete.

Abstract: Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) is a critical task that enables organizations to establish crucial IT tools and align a company's strategic plan with reliable IT solutions with the aim of attaining the objectives and goals of the company. At present, improved strategic information planning is one of the vital issues that face current information systems. Thus, the planning of strategic information technology solutions plays a critical role that contributes to the business and success of an organization. This paper offers an overview of Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) in an IT service company of KSA. The paper reviews a case study of the Saudi Telecommunications Company (STC). STC applies SISP strategies to increase its international operations, increase customer satisfaction and help the company to offer its convergence solutions to all centres across the globe. The paper briefly describes the role and importance of SISP, the primary phases and success factors, a service company, the service delivery process in the company, the role of SISP in enhancing a service delivery model in the IT services company and a conclusion.

Keywords: IT Service Delivery Model, Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP), Strategic Planning, and Information Systems Planning.

Abstract: Cryptographic schemes have an algebraic structure and can be described as multivariate polynomial equations. Even though algebra is the default tool in the cryptanalysis of asymmetric cryptosystems, there has been recently an increase in interest in the use of algebraic cryptanalysis techniques in the analysis of symmetric cryptosystems. The basic idea behind the algebraic attack is to express the whole cryptosystem as a large system of multivariate polynomial equations, then considers methods for solving the system to recover the key. Solving multivariate polynomial systems is a typical problem studied in Algebraic Geometry and Computational Algebra. Computing Grobner basis is the best well known method to solve this problem. Finding grobner bases is a difficult task which requires lots of computational resources. This paper discusses and explains in depth different algorithms to compute grobner bases using examples. This paper also, compares these algorithms from the point of views of accuracy and efficiency (the required resources: time and effort) to get the accurate results. Finally, the worthiness of these algorithms to be applied to cryptanalysis has been discussed.

Keywords: Grobner bases, Cryptanalysis ,Algebraic attacks, F4 Algorithm, F5 Algorithm.

Abstract: This paper presents an optimal design of digital low pass finite impulse response (FIR) filter using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The design target of FIR filter is to approximate the ideal filters on the request of a given designing specifications. The traditional based optimization techniques are not efficient for digital filter design. The filter specification to be realized PSO algorithm generates the best coefficients and try to meet the ideal frequency response. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) proposes a new equation for the velocity vector and updating the particle vectors and hence the solution quality is improved. The PSO technique enhances its search capability that leads to a higher probability of obtaining the optimal solution. In this paper for the given problem the realization of the FIR filter has been performed. The simulation results have been performed by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method.

Keywords: FIR Filter, PSO, GA, Parks and McClellan (PM) Algorithm.

Abstract: Transmission error generated in the gears leads to the whine noise which can result in to the undesirable accoustic performance of the gearbox. Determination of vibro-acoustic behavior of such a component at the early stages of design can result in developing an acoustically sound gearbox. The SEA provides a better analytical solution for such a problem over the FEM and other deterministic method. The statistical approach eliminates the possibility of uncertainty in the results. The main focus in the SEA modeling of the complex system is to find out the loss factors. This paper discuss the method for the determination of loss factors which can be used to study the vibro-acoustic behavior of the geared rotor system.

Keywords: Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA), Vibroaccoustic, Gearbox, Loss Factor.

Abstract: Teaching Style Inventory designed to examine teachers' affective learning goals for their students and teaching methods used to support their learning goals. It is a diagnostic tool for curriculum designers and professional development specialists. This paper is a qualitative and quantitative research study that aimed to investigate the teaching style inventory of teacher-education and non-teacher education faculty in terms of educational philosophy, instructional planning, teaching methods, teaching environment, evaluation techniques, managing interactions in the class, and instructional effectiveness. Results showed that the two groups of faculty differ significantly in their teaching style inventory as assessed and evaluated by academic department heads and faculty. It is recommended that further revitalization be made on the teaching beliefs and teaching styles of teacher-education and non-teacher education faculty suited to international students for instructional effectiveness.

Keywords: teaching style inventory, teacher-education, non-teacher education, instructional planning, teaching methods, teaching environment, evaluation techniques, teaching characteristics, educational philosophy.

Abstract: Document image analysis is the field of converting paper documents into an editable electronic representation by performing optical character recognition (OCR). In recent years, there has been a tremendous amount of progress in the development of open source OCR systems. The tesseract-ocr engine, as was the HP Research Prototype in the UNLV Fourth Annual Test of OCR Accuracy, is described in a comprehensive overview. Emphasis is placed on aspects that are novel or at least unusual in an OCR engine, including in particular the line finding, features/classification methods, and the adaptive classifier. OCRopus is one of the leading open source document analysis systems using tesseract-ocr with a modular and pluggable architecture. Imagemagick is an open source image processing tool. This paper presents an overview of different steps involved in a document image analysis system and illustrates them with examples from Combination of imagemagick and OCRopus.

Keywords: Document Image Analysis, Imagemagick, tesseract-ocr, open source OCR, Free Software.

Abstract: Programmed networks, generally known as botnets, such as a network connected by computers is known as botnet. In core, a bot is merely a sequence of either a series of commands or program, or scripts that is deliberately aimed to link to a server and accomplish a sequence of commands in order to develop a malicious or harmful attack. Botnets, basically it does several functions and it became the origin of many internet attacks. It is the main cause for the attack to take place. The attacker is the one who is going to attack the computers in the botnet. The attacker is known by the name as botmaster, in case of defending from attacks in future it is important to know how the attacks can be detected and prohibited from the past attacks. This paper is focus on, a comprehensive analysis on the current peer-to-peer (P2P) botnet [1, 2, 5] weaknesses, how to identify the threats and secure against the botnets, and how to increase the security performance level on botnet which is comparable on the past performance. It is considerably hard for an attacker to hijack or crash or hack the other system.

Keywords: Botmaster, Peer-to-Peer Botnet, Detection, Monitor, Malicious attack, Crash, Computer Security.

Abstract: The multi-carrier code division multiple access (MCCDMA) combines the strong points of CDMA and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) which has the advantages of high frequency efficiency and excellent capacity to resist frequency selective fading. The MCCDMA has broader usage in cellular mobile, wireless LAN and Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) communications. And now, people have considered MCCDMA as the effective solution scheme in the 4G communication systems. The key technologies such as the resistance of high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), channel estimation and system synchronization are deeply researched in this paper. The transmitter model and the receiver modes were detailed. This article investigates the PAPR minimization. Based on the model of high power amplifier (HPA), the distortions caused by HPA nonlinearity and the impact of PAPR minimization on performance were analyzed.

Keywords: peak to average power ratio, OFDM, MCCDMA, distortion, clipping.

Abstract: We have implemented ultra-speed NAND gate in Optical domain based on four-wave mixing Bragg scattering in a fiber which is highly non-linear. The results are obtained through taking different data inputs and different experimental set-ups.

Keywords: Opti-System, optical logic; NAND gate; Four- wave mixing; SOA.

Abstract: A Box-Wilson composite design scheme has been applied to study the property-composition relation of a polymer-modified concrete. The ultimate goal was to develop a regression equation, which would predict the compressive strength development of a composition with the curing period. A two-level design was constructed with three variables, mainly sand: cement, water: cement and polymer: cement. The homogeneity of the data was tested with Cochran ratio; the significance of the coefficients of the regression equation is tested by t-criterion. Finally the adequacy test was performed by Fishers' criterion. The regression equation, so formed, describes the property-composition relation satisfactorily. This equation may be used in making repairing as well as structural material making compromise between the price and strength.

Keywords: Polymer Modified Mortar (PMM), Epoxy resin, Binding material, Compressive Strength, Box-Wilson composite design.

Abstract: Virtualization are one of the most trending technologies in the world of Information Technology and are gaining popularity around the world due to their cost reducing nature, flexibility and scalability. In this paper we intend to provide a software framework for cloud computing for college laboratories: system that provides a model in which operating systems are hosted by a central server. Clones of virtual machines hosting the operating systems are made available to the clients on demand. The availability of operating systems is made over a network, typically internet or intranet using the SSH protocol for communication between the client and the server. The central server will be providing a resource rich environment empowering the user to optimize resources, increase scalability by creating clients dynamically and flexibility to customize application accessibility. The Software framework, principled on server virtualization techniques that can be achieved using kernel virtual machine (KVM). The proposed framework is simple, modular and provides access to infrastructure commonly found within an academia. The software framework will also be equipped with a friendly graphical user interface and eliminates the tedious process of using command prompt for creating and managing virtual machines. The GUI enables the user to generate desired number of clients within the predefined server's client generation limits. It also permits the user to deploy variable packages to the created clients on request.

Keywords: Virtualization, Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM), Virtual Machine, Libvirt API.

Abstract: Communication is a process where two people or more than two people communicate with each other through speaking, writing etc. While verbal and written communication skills are important, research has shown that nonverbal behaviors make up a large percentage of our daily interpersonal communication. On the other hand, barriers in the language happen on people of different ethnic backgrounds, ages and experience. These barriers slow down communication and create misunderstandings that make communication ineffective, especially in the workplace. . It was from this perspective that the researcher intended to have this study to gain the insights and the real score on the failure and success of the multi-national companies in Bahrain in terms of verbal and non-verbal communication skills. The study is a qualitative research based from the case studies of the different multi-national companies which were selected to represent each sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain. This would certainly be benefiting the clients and the company, the educational institutions and the society as well. The findings and conclusions of this study were focused on the communication skills in the workplace which were varied and altering. The number of people and the differences in culture and race affected much the supposed common behavior and communication in the workplace. It is then recommended that race and cultural differences should be given considerations; communication skills should be strengthened; trainings and seminars should be conducted; and strict and proper supervision in the workplace should be improved and regulated.

Keywords: verbal communications, non-verbal communications, communications skills, English Competencies, Workplace Skills.

Abstract: The use of chemical fertilizers (e.g. urea, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, diammonium phosphate etc.) have a great importance for the world's food production as it works as a fast food for plants causing them to grow more rapidly and efficiently. While adverse effects are being noticed due to the excessive and imbalanced use of these synthetic inputs. Moreover, persistent use of conventional chemical fertilizers subverts the soil ecology, disrupt environment, degrade soil fertility and consequently shows harmful effects on human health and contaminates ground water. For these reasons, biofertilizers, the organic substances, which make use of microorganisms to increase the fertility of soil, has been identified as harmless input help in safeguarding the soil health and also the quality of crop products. Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilising phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth promoting substances. They are also environment friendly and responsible for continuous availability of nutrients from natural sources. This paper will review the facts and observations regarding biofertilizers, types and their potential for crop production based on relevant literature and research work carried out by many researchers.

Keywords: Nutrients, Chemical fertilizers, Biofertilizers, Microorganisms, Growth promoting substances.

Abstract: Tazheranite is the modified form of cubic zirconia.It plays a significant role, to alter the micro hardness of surface of the applied coating (Al2O3+ZrO2.5CaO).Present experimental work is to investigate the effect of Tazheranite (rare mineral) phase on micro hardness of the top coat applied pure ceramic on Al6061 and Gray Cast Iron substrates. Tarzheranite phase perceived in Xrd analysis during Air plasma coating in this experimental work.

Keywords: Tarzheranite, Local particle density, Thickness, Porosity, Microhardness.

Abstract: Data mining techniques are very important in the cloud computing paradigm. The integration of data mining techniques with Cloud computing allows the users to extract useful information from a data warehouse that reduces the costs of infrastructure and storage. Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm in which resources of the computing infrastructure are provided as services of the internet. Data mining is a field where accuracy matters a lot. Data mining techniques and applications are very much needed in the cloud computing paradigm. The implementation of data mining techniques through Cloud computing will allow the users to retrieve meaningful information from virtually integrated data warehouse that reduces the costs of infrastructure and storage.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Data Mining.

Abstract: In this paper reconfigurable micro strip antenna using electromagnetic band gap structures [EBG] is presented. In this design, EBG structures are done by making a hole on substrate in order to tune for multiple frequencies for four different heights of substrate. The antenna design makes use of micro strip feeding technique. EBG concept is taken into consideration to achieve reconfigurabality. For the antenna design a box shaped EBG structure has been considered and the performance of the designed antenna is analyzed. For different heights of substrate, the performance of antenna is analyzed. The result shows for a substrate height of 1.6 mm at X band frequencies the VSWR is close to one.

Keywords: Microstrip patch antenna, Reconfigurablity, Electromagnetic Band Gap, FR4_epoxy and HFSS.

Abstract: This paper presents a simulation study of a smart antenna system on basis of direction-of-arrival estimation for identifying the direction of desired signal using Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. In recent times smart antennas are gaining more popularity by increasing user capacity, achieved by effectively reducing interference. In this paper, performance and resolution analysis of the algorithm is made. Its sensitivity to various perturbations and the effect of parameters such as the number of array elements and the spacing between them which are related to the design of the array sensor are investigated. The analysis is based on uniform linear array antenna and the calculation of the pseudo spectrum function of the algorithm. MATLAB is used for simulating the algorithm.

Keywords: Smart antenna, DOA, MUSIC, Pseudo spectrum, MATLAB.

Abstract: The cutting processes of rebar stock in housing project cause a large amount of waste because of high variety between required rebar lengths and standard rebar lengths, this problem is called one dimensional cutting stock problem. This research aims to utilize the rebar stock and minimize the losses using integer linear programming approach- aided by Advanced Interactive Mathematical Modeling System (AIMMS) software for solving the problems. These one- dimensional cutting rebar stock problems are divided into 19- problem according to the variety in the rebar diameter (25 mm, 16 mm, 12 mm, and 10 mm), and the variety in the design of activities in that housing project. The losses that are produced for each activity are utilized in the next activity when the length of item losses is larger than the required small item lengths in next activity for the same rebar diameters. That makes the utilization is to be maximized, where the Utilization Stock Ratio is reached to (98.53%).

Keywords: One- Dimensional Cutting Stock Problem; Integer Linear Programming; and Optimal Solutions.

Abstract: A simple, sensitive and specific polarographic method is proposed, based on the catalytic hydrogen wave of Ce(IV)-Piperidine complex in the presence of NH4Cl-NH4OH at dropping mercury electrode. The Ce(IV)- Piperidine complex produce a catalytic hydrogen wave at -0.41 V Vs SCE in NH4Cl-NH4OH medium (pH~5.6) and the results are compared with DPP method. The peak height is proportional to metal ion concentration. New method has been successfully applied for the determination of cerium in water, soil and human hair samples.

Keywords: Catalytic hydrogen wave, dropping mercury electrode, Polarographic method, Cerium(IV), piper dine.

Abstract: One of the important problems for direct and in-direct injection diesel engines is meeting the stringent emissions norms. In case of Diesel engine trade-off is present between soot and NOx. Researchers are striving for Improvement in the field of compression ignition engine, current research scenario is mainly focused on enhancing the combustion efficiency. Combustion efficiency can be increased by optimizing the injection timings, by variable compression ratio, increasing the swirl and turbulence in the combustion chamber, testing of different blends of diesel as alternative for diesel, optimizing the shape of piston head and many more. For analyzing these different factors, cost effective and less time consuming way simulation is the. The increasing confidence of using CFD techniques in engine designs depends on continuously improved CFD codes in terms of their fidelity and ease-of-use. Two pioneering works including the KIVA family of CFD codes and the STAR-CD family of CFD codes have made tremendous contributions in bringing CFD techniques to engine simulations. The other main competitors in commercial engine CFD software are FIRE, FLUENT, CFX and VECTIS.

Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics, CI engine.

Abstract: The present study is concentrated on optimization of Compact Heat exchangers. The task of optimization may be considered as a design process, in which any possible candidates will be evaluated based on requirements. Savings of materials or energy, as well as capital cost and operating cost, are common objectives for industrial applications of heat exchangers. On the other hand, heat exchanger design involves complex processes, including selection of geometrical parameters and operating (dynamic) parameters for the design, cost estimation and optimization. In recent years, applications of Genetic Algorithm (GA) in thermal engineering have received much attention for solving real-world problems. Applications of GA into heat exchangers optimization have suggested that they have a strong ability of search and combined optimization and they can successfully optimize and predict thermal problems. At this point, the GA technique may be used in the geometrical optimization of heat exchangers in order to obtain optimal results under specified design objectives within the allowable pressure drops.

Keywords: Compact heat exchanger, Genetic algorithm, Optimization.

Abstract: Laser Beam Cutting (LBC) is one of the largest applications of lasers in metal working industry using thermal energy based non-contact type of machining offering advantages such as high speeds, high quality edges, low-heat input, and minimal work piece distortion successfully used for the cutting of conductive and nonconductive difficult-to-cut advanced engineering materials such as reflective metals, plastics, rubbers, ceramics and composites [1][2]. The pursuit of any machining process is established by determining the equitable aggregate of input parameters. This paper deals with optimization of cut quality during pulsed CO2 laser cutting of mild steel. In the present paper, various input process variables such as laser power, cutting speed and material thickness are considered for evaluation of the process [3]. The cut quality attributes like Edge Surface Roughness (Ra) and Surface Hardness are considered as output parameters. In view of the effects of machining parameters on the Hardness and Ra, the problem is systematized as optimization problem. The optimum solution is achieved by using suitable statistical method.

Keywords: pulsed CO Laser cutting, Edge Surface Roughness (Ra), Surface Hardness, cutting speed.

Abstract: The FT-IR spectrum of Hydroquinone was recorded in the region 4000-100 cm-1. The FT-Raman spectrum of Hydroquinone was also recorded in the region 4000-100 cm-1. Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometrical structure and vibrational wave numbers of Hydroquinone were carried out by HF and DFT methods with 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets and the corresponding results were tabulated. The difference between the observed and scaled wave number values of most of the fundamentals is very small. Moreover, 13C NMR and 1H NMR were calculated by using the gauge independent atomic orbital method with B3LYP methods and the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set and their spectra were simulated and the chemical shifts linked to TMS were compared. A study on the electronic and optical properties; absorption wavelengths, excitation energy, dipole moment and frontier molecular orbital energies were carried out. The kubo energy gap of the present compound was calculated related to HOMO and LUMO energies which confirm the occurring of charge transformation. Besides Frontier Molecular Orbital's (FMO), Molecular Electrostatic Potential was performed. The NLO properties related to Polarizability and hyperpolarizability based on the finite-field approach were also discussed. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of Hydroquinone is also reported based on total energy distribution. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur within the molecule. The theoretical FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra for the title compound have also been constructed. The thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, entropy and enthalpy) of the title compound at different temperatures were calculated in gas phase.

Keywords: Hydroquinone; HOMO-LUMO; optical properties; GIAO; NLO; Chemical shifts.

Abstract: India produces over 200 million tonnes of food grains annually. There is need of postproduction management system to match with the increasing production rate. Drying is the primary need of crop’s postproduction system. Sun drying is a popular mode of crops drying in India. The use of mechanical dryers is almost nil. With ever growing population, the food grain production will increase to meet the demand of people. The crop drying cannot be dependent on sun drying. The produce has to be handled and managed properly to reduce losses. Drying of agriculture produce for safe preservation is one of the important post-harvest operations to save the grain from losses. There is not much facility of drying at farm level, though the losses due to the improper drying is over 10% in food grains and 20 to 40% in fruits and vegetables. Solar drying is a possible replacement for open sun drying. Sun drying is by no means a perfect process with problems arising due to potential contamination of the produce, variability in drying times, rain damage and so on. The present paper presents developments in solar dryer designs for different dryer classifications. Recommendations for energy-efficient design and measures for improvement in existing dryers are also discussed.

Keyword: Solar dryer, Sun drying, Post-harvest loss