VOLUME 2, ISSUE 6, JUNE 2015

Abstract: The filling process and solidification of Al based alloy linkage by suction casting was studied via numerical simulation. The shrinkage defect of Al based alloy linkage casting was predicted by using FEM software ProCAST. The results indicate the cold shut will be decreased with the increase of graphite suction opening diameter and the pouring temperature. With the decrease of the coefficient of heat transfer, the cold shut is reduced. The Al based alloy linkage are obtained by this method. The simulated result tallies well with the actual cast experiment, and lays down a foundation for improving the cast technology of the Al based alloy casting.

Keywords: FEM simulation; ProCAST software; suction casting; shrinkage defect.

Abstract: Heat resistant steel is a new type of martensite heat-resistant steel which has the very high temperature comprehensive performance and wide application. Now integrating practical experiments with the simulation of finite element analysis software DEFORM-3D. Research on the forming process of heat resistant steel by cross wedge rolling. Obtained the distribution laws of microstructure in cross-longitudinal planes of after rolling steel, and the influence law of different technology parameters affects steel dynamic recrystallization volume fraction and austenite average grain size. Finally, combining the experiment of metallographic structure, and validate the validity?feasibility of the simulation.

Keywords: Heat-resistant steel; Deform 3D; Dynamic recrystallization.

Abstract: Among the different types of skin cancers, Melanoma is one of the most threatening type of cancer. This cancer is most often caused by ultraviolet radiation from the sun which causes unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells which further develops into cancerous tumours. ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬It affects the melanocytes, which are skin cells containing a pigment called melanin which is responsible for the colour of the skin, hence the name melanoma. If melanoma is recognised in the early stages it is proven to be curable. If not, the cancer advances and spreads to all other parts of the body and becomes incurable leading to death. Traditional method of analysing melanoma is biopsy, which is a painful and time consuming process. In this paper we have in detail studied the ABCD (Asymmetry, Border, Colour and Diameter) method and implemented a code using MATLAB for automatic melanoma detection using Dermoscopic images. Finally the Total Dermoscopic Score (TDS) is calculated based on which if the cancer is melanoma or not is decided. A brief study about different algorithms such as 7-point checklist, Menzies and pattern analysis which is based on computer aided automatic melanoma detection using image processing is also discussed.

Keywords: Melanoma, ultraviolet, tumor, biopsy, asymmetry, computer aided.

Abstract: Concrete is a versatile engineering composite material made with cement, aggregates and admixtures in some cases. Due to the day by day innovations and developments in construction field, the global consumption of natural aggregates is very high and at the same time production of solid wastes from the demolitions and manufacturing units are also very high. Extensive use of concrete leads to the scarcity of natural aggregates. Because of this reasons the reuse of demolished construction wastes and solid waste from manufacturing came into the picture to reduce the solid wastes from demolition and manufacturing units and as well as to decrease the scarcity of natural basic aggregate. This papers is to study the suitability of waste crushed tiles in the concrete mix .In this experimental study, different mixes are casted, waste crushed tiles are used to partially replace the coarse aggregate by 10% and 20% and tiles powder is used to partially replace the fine aggregate by 10% and 20%. Both coarse and fine aggregates also partially replaced by these waste materials at different percentages. According to this total 9 types of mixes of M25 grade were prepared (Shown in TABLE 1). A brief study on workability and compressive strength for 7 and 28 days of all total 9 types of mixes has been carried out and observed that increase in tiles powder leads to the increase in strength and workability of concrete like Ready Mix Concrete (RMC). In all 9 types of mixes, maximum compressive strength is obtained for the mix having 20% of tile powder. For the combinations compressive strength is increased for all mixes and maximum compressive strength obtained for the mix having 10% of crushed tiles and 20% of tiles powder. The optimum percentage of coarse aggregate that can be replaceable by crushed tiles is 10%.

Keywords: Waste crushed tiles, tiles powder, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, Ready Mix Concrete (RMC), Workability, Compressive strength.

Abstract: Storage Class Memory is a new class of data storage device. The memory cells of the SCMs are electrically erasable and reprogrammable. To rewrite the data to a particular memory cell, it has to be erased first and then rewritten. The SCMs are given with a particular write/erase cycle value. If the write/erase operation is performed more than this specified number of times for a particular cell, then that cell will wear out and will be of no use. If this happens for the set of cells in the SCMs, then the storage capacity of the device will be reduced. The solution to this write endurance problem of SCM is wear leveling. Wear-leveling is a technique for prolonging the service life of some kinds of erasable storage media. This technique can be used to increase the life of the device. The project adopts dynamic wear-leveling technique which maps the logical block address to the physical address. When the data has to be written it writes to a free block and the map is updated. This technique has a shorter life expectancy but it is faster and less complex compared to the static wear-leveling technique.

Keywords: Hot data, Cold data, pooling, Flash translation layer.

Abstract: Recent flooding of river Jhelum in Kashmir caused large scale devastation in the Kashmir valley. Also, cloud burst over Leh in Jammu &Kashmir two years ago, and at Kedarnath temple vicinity in Uttarkhand a year ago caused significant loss of life and property. In addition, a number of tourists were swept away due to opening of a dam's flood gates in Himachal Pradesh a few months ago. In this paper, we present an innovative solution to the frequent flooding problem faced in our country year after year. Named 'Integrated Weather and Flood Alerting System', the system is automated flood detection and early warning system designed using Internet of Things technologies. The system uses a novel approach and low-cost sensing devices to measure and analyze multiple weather and river parameters, namely, rainfall in the river basin / catchment area, water flow in the river, and water level at various locations along the river length to accurately predict flooding of the river in real-time. Timely flood alerts are then disseminated simultaneously and in real-time to nearby population, and the general public through multiple delivery mechanisms such as: 1) Audible alerts (using Hooters near human settlements on the river bank), Visual alerts (using flash lights deployed near the river banks), 3) text-based SMS alerts to all public in the vicinity of the river, 4) graphical, map based alerts on a Web-based dashboard for general public to view flood situation in the river, and 5) live alerts on online social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter for the public. The system consists of self-contained sensing and alerting units that can work autonomously when deployed at a river site, in addition to working in a networked environment. The system offers a low-cost alternative to traditional flood alerting mechanisms in use today.

Keywords: Raspberry Pi, IWFAS Field Unit, Twitter, Facebook, Short Message System, Database.

Abstract: NX based motion analysis of kinematic linkages for elevating mass is undertaken to Compute the displacement and position of screw actuator and equilibrator at various angles and this paper provide required torque for elevating mass by using NX on converting CAD geometry into functioning motion analysis model. NX results are validated with a analytic calculation for kinematic linkage of elevating mass.

Keywords: NX, MATH-CAD, kinematic linkage, motion analysis.

Abstract: In a world where polymers are widely in demand and used in numerously, PU has its own vital role to play. They are used for making foaming materials, mattresses, paints, adhesives, flooring materials etc. in this paper, we investigate the various methods of utilizing the industrial wastes which is otherwise dumped off or has other adverse environment effects. Here, especially TDI (toluene di-isocyanate) tar from TDI manufacturing companies and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) waste are discussed. Effective methods to produce Polyurethane solely using TDI tar and also TDI tar and polyol recovered from PET wastes are included. Process like glycolysis, transesterification, etc. are included. Since the conventional PU , TDI , Polyol being very costly , This recycling and recovery processes are sure to bring down the cost and is an applaud able solution for solid waste management

Keywords: TDI-tar, Polyol, waste Recovery, Glycolysis, trans-esterification, reactivity, applications

Abstract: The rapid development of the high-power electronics industry has made Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices viable and attractive for utility applications. FACTS devices have been shown to be effective in controlling power flow and damping power system oscillations. In recent years, new types of FACTS devices have been investigated that may be used to increase power system operation flexibility and controllability, to enhance system stability and to achieve better utilization of existing power systems. The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is one of the most important FACTS devices and it is based on the principle that a voltage-source inverter generates a controllable AC voltage source behind a transformer-leakage reactance so that the voltage difference across the reactance produces active and reactive power exchange between the STATCOM and the transmission network. This paper proposes a case study to improve the voltage profile of power system by incorporating STATCOM. In this study we are considering a standard 5-bus network and IEEE 30-bus network for the analysis. We are mainly focusing on finding out the best location for inserting STATCOMS in the system, so that the optimal power flow is obtained which in turn increases the stability of the system. Power flow equations are solved using Newton Raphson's algorithm and the simulation studies are implemented in MATLAB. Also FVSI method of line stability indication is also used for weakest bus prediction. The results of the network with and without STATCOM are compared in terms of voltages and the line losses in the transmission lines to analyze the performance of STATCOM.

Keywords: Statcom, Fvsi, Voltage Stability Indices, Optimal Power Flow.

Abstract: Image Retrieval system is a novel application for searching and managing large scale image database. Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is a technique which uses visual contents of image such as colour, shape and texture, etc. to search user required image from large scale image database according to user's requests in the form of a query image. Single feature represent only part of the image property so, to enhance the image retrieval effectively we are using multiple features such as colour, shape and texture to represent the whole image property.In this paper we proposed an algorithm which incorporates all three features such as colour, shape and texture to give the advantages of various other algorithms to improve the accuracy and performance of retrieval of images. The accuracy of HSV colour space based colour histogram based matching gives better retrieval result. The speed of shape based retrieval can be enhanced by considering approximate shape rather than the exact shape. Grey Level Co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is used to extract the texture features of the images. The feature matching procedure is based on the Canberra distance.

Keywords: Content Based Image Retrieval(CBIR), Hue(H), Saturation(S), Value (V), Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM).

Abstract: Energy is an essential prerequisite for accelerated economic development and improved quality of life for citizens of any country. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in last few decades, there is a huge pressure on crude oil, coal and other fossil fuels. This resulted into need for finding some alternative sources of energy. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of biomass such as cattle dung, vegetable waste, poultry droppings, industrial waste water, municipal solid waste, and landfill etc. In rural areas cattle dung and vegetable waste whereas in cities and urban area municipal solid waste are available in abundant quantity, from which biogas can be generated. Biogas is constituted of different component gases the majority of them being methane (CH4), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) with traces of Hydrogen Sulfide, and water vapour. It is possible to improve quality of biogas by removal of CO2, H2S and enriching its methane content up to the natural gas level. After methane enrichment and compression it can be used as vehicle fuel like compressed natural gas (CNG). Any low cost technique to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from biogas can make biogas a techno-commercially viable fuel and equivalent to natural gas. In this paper low cost biogas purification system using water scrubbing is proposed and is shown that using this system we can covert raw biogas into bio CNG which can be used as a vehicular fuel. It is the cheapest and easiest method of biogas up gradation in which pressurized water is used as absorbent. Water scrubbing involves physical absorption of CO2 and H2S in water at high pressure and regeneration by a release in pressure with very little change in temperature.

Keywords: Raw Biogas, Removal of CO2 /H2S from biogas, Water scrubbing of biogas.

Abstract: Health information sharing improves the performance of patient self-management when dealing with chronic diseases such as diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases. Most of the healthcare Organizations are now adopting cloud computing resources with the objective of delivering better healthcare services and preserving the privacy of patients' information at lower cost. As a result, the healthcare providers must become more efficient in managing, analyzing, and sharing patient data globally. Since, diseases are becoming more complex, new advancements in research and technology have facilitated the emergence of new and more effective diagnoses and treatment techniques. The proposed study can achieve patient recorded health information sharing via hybrid cloud, to prove the feasibility. Cloud services provided by Amazon, Google or other enterprises, and open source cloud platform such as Open stack, Eucalyptus, could be used to support the development of the proposed prototype.

Keywords: Health information Sharing, hybrid cloud, self-management and chronic disease.

Abstract: Comparative analysis of frame of MSRTC bus is taken for the stress analysis and displacement analysis of frame at different materials and this paper provide effects of materials mild steel, S-glass epoxy and E-glass epoxy on the bus frame. This is done by using CAD modeling and it's stress and displacement analysis on analysis on ANSYS

Keywords: CAD, ANSYS,stress and displacement analysis,mild steel, s-glass epoxy.

Abstract: The system is designed for the gear shifter assembly of 4-wheeler. Design of test rig is based on CATIA V5 to give detail dimensional assembly of system. The gear shifter lever is connected to pneumatic cylinder to move shifter as per vehicle routing condition. The water is sprayed on shifter cable with the help of slurry pump at a constant flow of 25 LPM & pressure of 0.1 MPa. This paper provides comparison of force required for gear shifter in Characterization Test Bench before & after testing shifter cable under water.

Keywords: CATIA V5, Gear shifter, Water test rig, Characterization test bench.

Abstract: Optimization of transesterification process variables affecting biodiesel production is worthy of continued study because renewable energy sources are the one which uses as alternative resources for the problems arising from the scarcity of conventional energy sources. These alternative sources are majorly used in transportation which is a major aspect in nowadays. A liquid or gaseous fuels for the transport sector that are mostly produced from biomass is called biofuels. They include energy security reasons, environmental concerns, social and an economic issue related to the rural sector.Biodiesel is one of the biofuel which is a renewable replacement to petroleum based diesel. Several processes for biodiesel fuel production have been developed, among which transesterification using alkali-catalysis gives high levels of conversion of triglycerides to their corresponding methyl esters in short reaction times. It is prepared from waste vegetable oils and animal fats by transesterification process. It is alkali catalyzed reaction which involves waste cooking oil, methanol, and Potassium hydroxide. The study focuses on the Yield of biodiesel is affected by ratio of methanol and waste cooking oil, KOH concentration and operating parameters.

Keywords: Renewable energy, biofuel, transesterification, Vegetable oil.

Abstract: To Improve the Coefficient of Performance, It is to require that and Refrigerating Effect Should Increase and Compressor Work should decrease. Experimental analysis on vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) system with ammonia refrigerant was completed and their results were recorded. The effects of the main parameters of performance analysis such as super heating on the refrigerating effect, power required to run the compressor for various evaporating temperatures, mass flow of refrigerant, percentage increase in COP, coefficient of performance (COP). The results from vapour compression refrigerant plant was taken where the variables like suction pressure of compressor, delivery pressure of compressor, temperature of evaporator and condenser are noted and coefficient of performance is calculated. The results obtained will be validated through CFD simulation. Further diffuser has been introduced in between compressor and condenser so that power input to the compressor has been reduced there by enhancing COP The enhancement will be done through CFD simulation; Modeling and meshing will be done in ICEMCFD, analysis in CFX and post results in CFD POST.

Keywords: Evaporator, Diffuser, Enhancement, ICEMCFD, CFX.

Abstract: This research paper demonstrates the distribution of shear stress along the bed of wide open meandering main channel. As a complementary study to experimental investigation the mathematical tool like MATLAB is used. With the aim of obtaining shear stress distribution at the bed, experimental data are analysed with the help of MATLAB. The results of some experimental study are reported concerning the distribution of shear stress in compound meandering channel which is influenced by the secondary flow. The estimation of boundary shear stress distribution is essential to deal with the hydraulic problem such as channel migration, channel design & interaction losses. It is important to understand the behaviour of flows within compound channels for designing the flood control. Preston-tube technique is used to collect velocity heads at various intervals along the wetted perimeter and distributions of boundary shear stress are computed through MATLAB coding.

Keywords: Boundary shear stress, Compound channel, Interaction losses, Preston-tube, Secondary flow, Matlab.

Abstract: Noise pollution in the present decade has been a noteworthy supporter to an undesirable living environment inside an urbanized city. In recent times, inhabitants from sensitive zone units such as hospitals and schools etc. are much influenced by noise pollution. Over the period activities such as migration to and from urban areas, infrastructural developments etc. have essentially increased inside the sensitive zones. Various research studies have checked sound levels altogether over as far as possible in sensitive zones have shown noise as a critical pollutant in numerous urban communities around the globe. Noise pollution in sensitive zones has increased too as being a part of urban area and needs to be controlled being more vulnerable to its pollution impacts. In this review study, impacts of noise levels in healing facilities and education centers are distinguished, its effect on inmates in these zones is concentrated on and expressed. The review paper implies the need to control noise levels in the sensitive zones for a superior domain.

Keywords: Noise pollution, Sensitive Zones, WHO, Noise standards.

Abstract: Traditional Wheelchairs though have certain limitations with the flexibility, heavy weight of the chair and limited functions. Tremendous developments have been made in the field of wheelchair technology. However, even these significant developments couldn't aid the quadriplegics to navigate wheelchair independently. Medical devices designed to help the Paraplegic and Quadriplegic patients are very complicated, rarely available and expensive. We aim at designing a simple cost effective automatic wheelchair using MEMS technology for quadriplegics with head and neck mobility. The control system translates the position of the user's head into speed and directional control of the wheelchair. The system is divided into two main units: MEMS Sensor and programmed PIC Controller. The MEMS sensor senses the change in direction of head and accordingly the signal is given to microcontroller. Depending on the direction of the Acceleration, microcontroller controls the wheel chair directions like LEFT, RIGHT, FRONT, and BACK with the aid of DC motors.

Keywords: MEMS sensor, DC Motor Driver, PIC Controller.

Abstract: Austempered ductile iron (ADI) is a heat treated ductile Iron or S.G. iron with a unique micro-structure, which consists of retained austenite and bainitic ferrite with graphite nodules dispersed in it. Due to this excellent microstructure it possesses high yield strength with good ductility, good fatigue strength, fracture toughness and wear resistance. ADI has emerged as a major engineering material in recent years because of its many attractive properties. The properties can be achieved upon adequate heat treatment which yields optimum microstructure for a given chemical composition. But this type of heat treatment is bit tricky, since it requires controlled heating and isothermal holding of the material. The wear properties of ADI not only depends upon the hardness but also depends on the microstructure of the material. Present investigation was carried out to assess the influence of cryogenic processing on the microstructure and wear properties of ADI. Experiment was carried out on two categories of ADI, one is austempered at 400ºC and other is at 340ºC with austempering time of 2.5, 3 and 3.5 hours respectively. These specimens were then cryogenically processed. The morphological changes, hardness values and wear rate of these samples were evaluated and compared with the noncryogenically treated samples. Test results indicates that the cryogenic processing can improve the wear properties, the lowest wear rate is observed for cryotreated ADI austempered at 400ºC for 2.5hour.

Keywords: Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI), Cryogenic Treatment, Austenite, Martensitic Transformation.

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to establish some derivative formulae of I-function of two variables involving generalized M-series. The special cases of our derivatives yield interesting results.

Keywords: I-function, Mellin-Barnes contour integral, generalized M-series.

Abstract: This paper presents the prediction of air flow, temperature patterns and mass fraction of water vapour in a co current pilot plant spray dryer fitted with pressure swirl nozzle using 3 dimensional model. The modeling was done with CFD package star ccm+ 9.04, in which the droplet/particle phase is modeled with Langrangian approach and hot air stream is modeled with Euler approach, K-? model is used to analysis the turbulence swirl in the spray dryer. Good results were obtained with the modified balanced double tangential air inlets spray dryer when compared with the conventional single tangential air inlet spray dryer . the problem of stick of the wet particles on the walls of the spray dryer and cone part of the spray dryer was eliminated in the modified model. A higher uniformity of temperature and air mass fraction on the horizontal planes of the spray dryer were obtained by the modified design of the spray dryer. This work was carried with multiphase flow and the feed considered for the work is silica slurry (40% Si, 60%liquid water) for the analysis.In this work the effects of the air flow pattern on the droplets trajectory, residence time, distribution of droplets, and the deposition of droplets on the wall were compared with the conventional model and the modified air inlet design model.

Keywords: Spray drying; Wall deposition; turbulence; Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

Abstract: Intraday data plays a vital role for Atmospheric Sciences for Wind Speed, Wind Wave length, Temperature etc. hourly data.In this paper, we have introduced two new Intraday data models i.e. New Exponential Smoothing and Trignometric model for intraday data. These two models are deduced according to seasons i.e. Summer, Winter and Rainy seasons. In this paper, two measures of accuracy are used. They are Mean Square error and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). These two models are empirically tested using Atmospheric data of Gadanki India.

Keywords: New Exponential Smoothing, Intraday data, MSE, RMSE.

Abstract: This paper presents the work carried out is an MVME which is an improved version of VME(Vertical format based).MVME is an algorithm which is used to find erasable itemset. To find erasable itemset we need to do mining of data. Need for mining erasable itemset originate from production planning problem. Data mining refers to extracting or mining knowledge from large amounts of data. VME algorithm is doing the process in same manner as APRIORI algorithm do, but there is difference that APRIORI is used to find frequent itemset and it shows result on the basis of minimum support value where as VME is used to find erasable itemset and it shows result on the basis of maximum threshold value. MVME which is an improved version of VME also works on the approach of APRIORI , there are two major difference between MVME and VME. In MVME after generating candidate we directly calculate the gain of itemset where as in VME , it checks the subsets first and if subsets found then it will calculate the gain of itemset .Second difference is that, in MVME we compare the gain with threshold value at the time of candidate generation where as in VME it store all the candidate of a level and return this candidate set to calling procedure , In calling procedure candidate compare with threshold value and gets the final result. So conclusion is that MVME produces the same results but in lesser time.

Keywords: Data Mining, MVME, VME,APRIORI.

Abstract: Cycles have been around since 1800's and they have been used for personal transportation ever since. Their use is however limited when it comes to being used indoors or for senior citizens to go up hill outside. Furthermore we need to reduce the mechanical effort of humans to make the ride effortless but also green enough to not damage the environment. The purpose of the paper is to design, fabricate and analyse the Segway Urban Commuter (SUC). The vehicle comprises of two wheels on either side of a frame. The user stands on the platform and changes his centre of gravity by shifting his weight forward or backward on the platform. This tends to make the platform tilt with the user, this tilt is read by the accelerometer and the wheels are set in motion by the Arduino to help balance the user. Hence more the tilt, greater is the speed achieved to keep the user balanced. This setup is designed to provide a zero pollution vehicle on campus that is fabricated with cost reduction in mind, without compromising on the safety and other necessary features of the original Segway. This project also includes additions that greatly enhance the usability of the vehicle.

Keywords: Segway Urban Commuter, electric vehicle, self-balancing, green vehicle, personal commuter.

Abstract: In order to reduce the mass, the new designs of turbojet engines use rotors working with higher speeds. These rotors are subjected to large unbalance during engine operational conditions. An additional damping might be necessary in order to enable working at rotation speeds higher than the critical ones. In order to achieve this objective, Integral S-shaped Squeeze Film Damper (ISSFD) and Multi Mass Flexi Rotor (MFR) system designed and simulated. This shaft configuration consists of twin ISSFD in simply supported location and unbalance in the central disc. However, due to the rotation of the unbalance shaft system, instabilities similar to those met in classical hydrodynamic bearings can appear in ISSFD. This paper emphasis on dynamic analysis of newly designed Integral S-shaped Squeeze Film Damper as well as integrated shaft system. By using this ISSFD integrated with shaft of 25 mm diameter, critical speed is greatly increased and hence it reduces whirling of shaft during operation at high speeds. This ISSFD also takes care of misalignment about ~ 320 µm within the squeezing clearance. This method of approach can be used in the analysis of inter-shaft bearing and its influence on the double spool rotor application.

Keywords: Integral S-shaped Squeeze Film Damper, Counter Rotor, Inter Shaft, Dynamic Analysis.

Abstract: As fresh water resource groundwater has greater significance in major portion of world. It is one of the major components of the entire water supply for drinking and irrigation purposes. The key issues regarding groundwater are its exploration, appraisal and management.The present work deals with the utilization of GIS based analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique for identification of the groundwater potential recharge zones in Bengaluru urban district, Karnataka, India.Various factors that influence the occurrence, movement, yield and quality of groundwater in an area are Lithology, Geomorphology, Drainage density, Lineaments density, Soil, Elevation, Slope, Lu/Lc and Rainfall. These thematic layers were extracted from Liss III imagery, CartoDEM, topographical map, and other secondary data sources using software such as Arc GIS 10.2, Erdas Imagine 9.2 and Google Earth. Because of the different weightage of influence on various themes and their feature on the presence of groundwater recharge potential zones in an area AHP technique is introduced to allocate weightage.Weighted overlay sub module from ArcGIS environment was used to integrate these thematic layers to prepare the groundwater recharge potential zones of the study area. The zones thus obtained were divided into five categories, viz., Very good, Good, Moderate, Poor and Very poor zones based on the availability of groundwater.

Keywords: AHP, Bengaluru Urban District, GIS, Groundwater Potential recharge Zone, Remote Sensing.

Abstract: Construction industry is that area which has indeed experienced tremendous growth over the past decade. As it is, there are numerous challenges that the industry face today. Adequate management identifies itself as a one for all solution to most of the problems faced by the industry. A brief timeline of research and development activities that could be grouped under this title, GIS based 4D modeling for project management, also called Building Information Modeling or BIM popularly has been furnished in this paper. As the traditional instruments of management had very limited linkage with the spatial aspects of construction work, a concept of four dimensional modeling was proposed. With the advent of GIS, enhanced spatial and database management capabilities could be made use of for the purpose. Towards the end, the benefit of carrying out the modelling and management task throughout in a single environment has been discussed, suggesting GIS framework to be an excellent platform that could serve the purpose, stressing out the relevance of an open source GIS package in today's world, recommending an open source GIS environment for the work which would be an added advantage.

Keywords: 4D modelling, 3D visualization, GIS, Construction management, BIM, Planning and scheduling, Open source GIS.

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) plays vital role in research field. Secure transmission of data along with efficiency is a critical issue for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Clustering is an efficient and practical way to enhance the system performance of WSNs. In this project work, we study a secure transmission of data for cluster-based WSNs (CWSNs), where the clusters are formed dynamically and sporadically. We propose two Secure and Efficient data Transmission (SET) protocols for CWSNs, called SET-IBS and SET-IBOOs, by means of the Identity-Based digital Signature (IBS) scheme and the Identity-Based Online/Offline digital Signature (IBOOS) scheme. In SET-IBS, security relies on the hardness of the Diffie-Hellman problem in the pairing area. SET-IBOOS further reduces the computational overhead for protocol security, which is important for WSNs, though its security relies on the hardness of the discrete logarithm problem.

Keywords: CWSN, SET-IBS, SET-IBOOS.

Abstract: This is a new method of isolation and transformation of protoplasts from tomato leaf mesophyll tissue using polyethylene glycol. The binary vector pCambia 1302 carrying green fluorescence protein sequence as reporter was used and the transformed protoplasts were selected using hygromycin. Important parameters which are critical for the quality of protoplast and efficiency of transformation, such as molecular weight of polyethylene glycol, kinds of osmoticum used and period of incubation, were standardized. The transformed protoplasts were screened by the selectable marker and further confirmed with PCR. The protoplasts were analyzed with propidium iodide and fluorescence microscopy. The transformation efficiency was studied with the assay of the green fluorescence protein. This is the first protoplast isolation protocol for the Pusa Ruby variety of tomato and also the first protocol to use hygromycin as the selectable marker for tomato.

Keywords: Tomato, protoplast, mesophyll, pCambia, PEG, fluorescence, GFP, hygromycin.