VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2016

Abstract: High fluoride concentration is a worldwide problem in drinking water due its health effects. Batch mode investigation to remove fluoride from aqueous solution and real groundwater samples by natural coal and its modified forms was made. The physicochemical analysis of adsorbents and their activation was overseen to well understand the mechanism of sorption. Adsorption was found to be pH dependent with optimal removal efficiency at pH 2 for physically and chemically activated coal and at pH 4 for natural coal (NC). The experimental data was well fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model providing maximum adsorption capacity of 5.9, 8.36 and 11.35 mg/g for natural, physical and chemical activated coal in their order written from Langmuir model. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm (R2 = 0.988) with mean free energy (E = 0.085 KJ/mol) for natural coal signify physiosorption should be mainly responsible for fluoride adsorption. The applicability of the adsorbents from fluoride contaminated groundwater indicated that natural coal (NC), physically activated coal (PAC) and chemically activated coal (CAC) can be used as an effective, low-cost adsorbent to remove fluoride from groundwater. The buffering capacity of adsorbents monitored during sorption induces a pH increase to nearly neutral, after sorption, which may be an important asset in real applications.

Keywords: Natural coal, Adsorption isotherms, Defluoridation.

Abstract: This study investigates risk perception related to trust and bias in cyberspace under different levels of cognitive risks. It is hypothesized that risk perception in cyberspace is different by gender and is influenced by trust and bias, as well as by fear and privacy factors. Based on Kahneman & Tversky's [6] study of Prospect Theory, the trust and bias risk quadrants are used to determine how an individual will perceive usage of cyberspace. The objective of this study is to mitigate fear and privacy issues between genders while performing certain activities online. This study was conducted by implementing two phases of surveys. ANOVA and correlation analyses were performed to show the differences in gender and the relationships of the variables in each risk quadrant.Results of this study may help increase trust and reduce negative perceptions of cyberspace by designing better websites and interfaces for users.

Keywords: bias, cyberspace, risk, trust.

Abstract: A magic square is N*N matrix containing integers and addition result of each row, column and diagonally get the same value. The commonly used methods of constructing magic squares are the cross diagonals method for doubly even. This method does not use mathematical formula in the construction of the magic square. We will find the generalized form of a 4 X 4 magic square with help of 4 X 4.

Keywords: Magic Square, Magic Sum, Bhavya Square.

Abstract: The present world is greatly inclined towards alternating energy, but yet the use of coal as a primary energy source cannot be avoided. Disposal of huge amount of fly ash from the thermal power plants cannot be bypassed, since we cannot circumvent the second law of thermodynamics. The management of fly ash is a matter of great concern, in the present century. It has great potentiality in agriculture due to its efficacy in modification of soil health and crop performance. The present paper aims to highlight the optimum use of the metal phosphorus, present in the fly ash generated from Mejia Thermal Power Station (M.T.P.S), in boosting the agricultural production. The paper also identified strains of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB's) that are capable of converting the insoluble form of phosphorus present in rock soil into a more accessible soluble form.

Keywords: Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Reclaimed site, Phosphate amendment, Fly Ash (FA), Mejia Thermal Power Station (MTPS), Phosphate solubilization, Tricalcium phosphate, Organic acids.

Abstract: The present still picture compression method does not have the required level of institutionalization and still have something can be enhance as per compression rate, calculation, etc. This paper utilizes the strategy of H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding to enhance still picture compression. The H.264/MPEG-4 standard guarantees much higher compression and quality contrasted with other existing standard, for example, MPEG-4 and H.263. This paper uses the intra expectation methodology of H.264/AVC and Huffman coding to enhance the compression rate. Each 4x4 piece is anticipated by picking the best mode out of the 9 diverse modes. The best forecast mode is chosen by Sum of Absolute Error technique. Likewise this paper manages a picture concealing calculation based on particular quality disintegration calculation. This paper propose an information concealing algorithm , applying on encoded bitstream.

Keywords: Intra Prediction, Picture Compression, Huffman Coding, Singular Value Decomposition Peak Signal to Commotion Ratio,H.264,JPEG.

Abstract: Machine Vision Systems find their major applications in the industrial sector. But their use in the field of detection of boundary defects and analysis have been realized which is the reason why extensive research is being carried out in this direction. The current work is an attempt to utilize image processing technique in the direction of detection of defects through Machine Vision systems. For this, various components necessary for a simple Machine Vision System will be assembled. A photoelastic spur gear specimen will be taken for study and image processing will be performed on the acquired image using a DSLR camera. Boundary design and defects will be studied by binarization of the image and interpretation of the acquired data in a computer language called Python. The work is carried out in the direction of successfully incorporating this technique of defects detection in future Machine vision systems.

Keywords: Boundary defects, Photoelasticity, Machine vision, Image processing.

Abstract: Biochemical analysis was done on 10 (ten) dried fish samples traditionally prepared in the North East India. Samples were collected from various parts of three different states of this region namely Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur. The samples included the fish species locally known as Bhokua, Chanda, Dorikona, Goroi, Mua (i), Mua (ii), Ngupi, Phabaonga, Puthi, and Ukabi. The moisture content of the samples was ranged from 2.772% to 7.818%. Protein varied from 27.46% to 56.84% and lipid content was ranged from 11.47% to 18.45%. Ash content varied from 11.177% to 29.197%. Elemental analysis was carried out through XRD which showed the presence of Fe, Ca, K, C, S, P, Si, Al, Mg, Na, O. The pH of the samples was ranged from 6.23% to 8.33%. All the experiments were replicated three times.

Keywords: dried fish, moisture, protein, lipid and ash.

Abstract: This work entails evaluating the protective capacity of the aquifer using the Vertical Electrical method to assess the vulnerability of aquifers using resistivity parameters of the upper most geo-electric materials layer overlying the aquifer. Seventeen (17) vertical electrical sounding (VES) points were conducted at various locations within the study area. The result of the study shows that the longitudinal unit conductance values obtained from the study area ranges from 0.003864 to 0.059655mhos. The study revealed that aquifers within the area are susceptible to pollution since the protective capacities of the aquifers are generally poor. Vulnerability map of the study area produced from the longitudinal unit conductance indicates that the North central, northeast and south central of the map shows that the vulnerability rate is better off than the others i.e. the northwest, southwest and part of the eastern side of the map. Sand layer seems to provide lower longitudinal conductance generally in the study area and hence poor protective capacity. It can be inferred from this study that sandy soils have poor protective capacity due to its pore space and lessabsorption capacity compared to clayey and shaly soils thus providing a lesser protective capacity for groundwater. The results of this study have provided reliable information about the protective capacity of the materials overlying the aquiferous unit which should be considered for planning, development, siting of prospective water resource projects and serves as a guide for groundwater pollution control in the study area.

Keywords: Vertical electrical sounding, vulnerability assessment, longitudinal conductance, protective capacity, groundwater.

Abstract: Performance of Mack-Wolfe type test using different scores suitable for long tail, short tail, right skewed distributions under Umbrella alternatives are studied. We also compare the performance of this type test with the Jonckheere test of ordered alternative and general classical F- statistic considering various combinations of parameters. Results are obtained by simulation technique repeating 10,000 times. These results are presented in different tables. Results are also shown graphically for easy visual comparison.

Keywords: Umbrella Alternatives, F-test, Jonchkerre test, Mack-Wolfe type test, Simulation, Robustness, Power.

Abstract: This paper describes the problem of visibility of outdoor images under haze and poor light condition. Visibility is a very important issue in case of computer based surveillance, crime analysis, driver assistance system design etc. The most important challenge related to visibility is the atmospheric haze and poor lighting. The problem becomes more challenging if haze is too dense and lighting during night is extremely poor. The image processing is the vast emerging field in the era of technology of machine vision, machine intelligence and automation for real time processing or the post processing of the image captured in different atmospheric conditions. The image captured in the outdoor scene are highly degraded due to the poor lighting condition or over lighting condition or due to the presence of different suspension particle like the water droplets or dust particles. So due to these particles the irradiance coming from the object is scattered or absorbed. And hence the phenomena of haze, smoke and fog occurs. The haze removal is very essential in the field of image processing because the different computer vision algorithm assumes the input image as the original scene radiance or scene reflectance. But in most outdoor processing the images are degraded due to hazy, hence the input image is hazy image not the original radiance. In this paper we presented a technique Dark channel prior and Adaptive Histogram Equalization to improve visibility of outdoor images for different atmospheric condition.

Keywords: haze, poor lighting, dark channel prior method, adaptive histogram equalization.

Abstract: Image improvement is a processing on an image to make it more appropriate for certain applications. The Image denoising is the manipulation of the image data to produce a visually high quality image. The aim of image enhancement is to improve the visual appearance of an image or to provide a better transform representation for future image processes. At present there are a variety of methods to remove noise from digital images. Filter techniques are mainly used for de-noising, smoothness and sharpening of images. In this paper we are designed a new modified decision based unsymmetric and Symmetric trimmed median filter for removal of these different noises by using median filter, Adaptive median filter, and Decision based Adaptive median filter. Most of the previously known techniques are applicable for the denoising of images corrupted with less noise density. Here a new decision based technique has been presented which shows better performances than those already being used and the new proposed algorithm will definitely protect the image from noise and distortion. In this paper we are presented different denoise filtering techniques for image quality improvement and this concept is applied to the different images and compares their performance parameters such as MSE, PSNR, correlation etc.

Keywords: impulse noise, non linear filters, MSE, PSNR, correlation.

Abstract: River bank erosion is commonly counter measured by placing protecting elements. The placement of protecting elements in under water condition has always been a crucial task. In particular the construction works of toe protection like falling apron cannot be properly implemented in a perennial river, where low water level prevails. Placing of underwater apron materials requires a considerably high skilled manpower, equipment and appropriate practical approaches. The present paper aims to undertake experimental investigation on incipient (threshold) condition of toe protection elements under live bed condition. The aim is to provide a simple guideline for the ease of construction. The experiments have been conducted in the Hydraulics and River Engineering Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering Department, BUET. Four types of CC block and five types of geobag have been used. A total of sixteen experimental runs with two different hydraulic conditions have been investigated. Experimental results are analyzed to develop empirical relationships that can be used to predict the shear velocity at incipient condition of toe protection elements. The proposed relationships are also compared with the equations available in earlier studies. Comparisons show that the predictive capacity of the proposed relationships is found satisfactory. It is suggested that the designer should consider the hydraulic parameters which should be commensurate with underwater constructional aspects.

Keywords: Flume study, Incipient motion, protection elements, threshold velocity, falling apron.

Abstract: The world's population has increased and they consume a lot of energy every day from nonrenewable energy such as oil, gas and coal. This consumption waste nonrenewable energy resources. According to Lewis and Nocera (2006), "Consumption of energy has increased because of population and economic growth. We need many alternative resources for nonrenewable energy to provide increasing of demand." The renewable energy can support nonrenewable energy to face people growing demand.

Keywords: Renewable, Solar, Biomass, Wind, Energy.

Abstract: In this paper the electrical design for medical centres is discussed. I designed and made all programs that required calculating and making distribution for the Lighting, Ac System, Sockets, the main Transformer with the Power Factor Correction for the system and Emergency System used in the project. We made a MATLAB program by using Graphical User Interface (GUI) to get the exact value, and the AutoCAD program to distribute the lamps and the socket on each floor. Moreover, I designed the system in emergency case, which is called Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) that all system required in any cases to make the system keep working for specific time.

Keywords: Medical, Medical, ATS, Electrical, Design.

Abstract: This paper proposes a dynamic particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for optimal generation rescheduling of a power system including renewable energy sources such as the solar and wind energy sources. The algorithm is to minimize total operating costs of this hybrid power system. The proposed dynamic PSO algorithm is one of the standard PSO algorithm variants, which modifies the acceleration coefficients of the cognitive and social components in the velocity update equation of the PSO algorithm as linear time-varying parameters. The acceleration coefficients are varied during the evolution process of the PSO algorithm to improve the global search capability of particles in the early stage of the optimization process and direct the global optima at the end stage. The dynamic PSO algorithm based optimal generation rescheduling of the power system with and without solar and wind powers is considered on the standard IEEE 30-bus 6-generator 41-transmission line test power system. The numerical results demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed algorithm to generate optimal solutions of the power system considering the renewable energy resources. The comparison with the standard PSO algorithm demonstrates the superiority of the proposed algorithm and confirms its potential to reschedule an optimal generation of the power system including the solar and wind energy sources.

Keywords: Optimal generation rescheduling, power systems, renewable energy sources, particle swarm optimization algorithm.

Abstract: This document gives the information about the design of hydrostatic transmission system used in heavy duty vehicle. In this document we covered the detail process of selection of various component used in hydrostatic transmission system. We also covered the specification of these selected components.

Keywords: HST, PDU, APU, SP.

Abstract: This paper present the training and testing of the data collected from male and female and then recognition of isolated word by using speech processing. One set of the data recordings was used for the training runs and other a different set was used for testing. Speech recognition process in human is running from long years. In this paper the words are recognized by using Maltab software. The isolate spoken language can be study at two different levels: (1) phonetic components of spoken words, e.g., vowel and consonant sounds, (2) acoustic wave patterns. In this paper we have used the digits from one to nine and zero but any small vocabulary could be used. So this paper presents the training and testing of the different or recognition of the words spoken from male and female.

Keywords: Speech processing, Speech recognition, vocal track MATLAB.

Abstract: Air, Soil and Water are the main components of environment. Water is the main source to maintain and transport elements in each sphere of Earth as well as vital for life molecule to survive. Water is a limiting factor for survival of any organism due to its complex physical, chemical and biological properties. Humans need water for various purposes such as in agriculture, industry, recreation that depends on the quantity and quality of water required. With a view to use water for drinking purpose, water sample was collected from Jami Maasjid Vav to know its physical, chemical and Biological properties. The samples were analyzed in laboratory facilities through very specific standard methods. The result shows that the vav was under eutrophication.

Keywords: Water, Jami Masjid, Specific standard, Eutrophication.

Abstract: Samples of olewonyo from two different localities together with a laboratory produced sample were analyzed for microbial changes, pH, titrable acidity and salt tolerance. High total viable counts (TVC) of 9.99 log cfu/ml, 9.23 log cfu/ml and 5.00 log cfu/ml were observed in the Aboabo, Anloga and Lab-simulated samples respectively at room temperature at day 3 (72hours). There was no significant differences in microbial load among the various samples among TVCs, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), lactic-acid cocci, and yeasts and moulds counts as the storage time increases (p

Keywords: olewonyo, titrable acidity, lab-simulated, microbial load, spoilage.

Abstract: The potential of corn cobs as solid substrates for the production of citric acid was investigated using Aspergillus niger KA88, a local isolate as the fermenting organism. One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) model was used to optimize the fermentation media to achieve the maximum yield of citric acid. The fermentation parameters studied and their resultant optimised levels were found to be 28 °C incubation temperature, 15% (w/v) sucrose for 6 days fermentation period, 50% each of (0.5-1mm and 3-5mm) particle sizes. Di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate was the preferred nitrogen source at a concentration of 4g/l. The final OFAT fermentation media gave 138.24 g anhydrous citric acid/kg dry corn cob. In general, corn cob proved to be a highly promising solid substrate for commercial citric acid production.

Keywords: Substrate, Aspergillus niger, fermentation, Temperature, One-factor-at-a-tme model.

Abstract: Generally real time signals are analog in nature. For any type of applications such as in signal processing we require digital signals for processing so to convert the analog signals into digital "Analog to digital converter" is used. Nowadays for reducing chip size area designers searching analog to digital converter architectures using CMOS techniques. The performance of any digital system is depends on the performance parameter of analog to digital converter. In the basic ADC structure, resistors are used for generating the reference voltages at the comparator. So here we will design three resistorless circuits which reduces the power demand of an Analog to Digital Converter are 1) Switched Inverter Scheme (SIS) ADC 2) Clocked Switched Inverter Scheme ADC 3) Sleep transistor switched inverter scheme ADC. This paper presents design and resistorless Analog to Digital Converter with different comparators using CMOS transistors only. It improves efficiency, reduces chip area and also will operating on low power. Finally analysis of Analog to Digital Converters with different comparators will be made to achieve best efficient of Analog to Digital Converter among others.

Keywords: Analog to digital converter, low power, resistorless, switched inverter scheme (SIS) Comparator.

Abstract: The Philippine labor migration started in the earliest period as early as the 15th century. The migration was brought about by many causes such as political, economical and social factors. This paper used the descriptive method of research and employed Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test and Spearman's Rank test as the non parametric statistical tool. The primary data were gathered from the 56 male and 62 female Filipino OFW respondents from Manama area using the structured survey questionnaire. This study examined the profile of the respondents and investigated the different push and pull factors of Filipino labor migration in the Kingdom of Bahrain. It also answered the different problems presented in the research and it proved and disapproved the stated hypothesis. It was revealed that there is no significant difference in the perception of the male and female respondents as to the rank of the push factors of Filipino labor migration but there is a significant difference in terms of the rank of push factors as perceived by the respondents. The study also determined that there is no significant relationship between the push factors and the Filipino labor migration in Bahrain but there is a significant relationship in the pull factors and the Filipino labor migration as perceived by the respondents.

Keywords: Filipino, labor migration, push factors, pull factors.

Abstract: The research is about the effects of quality control on Nestle Waters' employees' perception and attitudes. Descriptive research was used for this research along with the use of instruments like questionnaire, unstructured interviews, documentary analysis. The questionnaire that was used has five (5) parts namely: the technical portion of the QCC (quality control circle), the QCC process, effectiveness of the circle, general feelings about the QCC and the organization and lastly the background of respondents. Statistical treatments were used to process the data and answer the questions about the relationship of training adequacy to QC effectiveness and leadership in the QCC. Sub questions that were answered were the general feelings of the employees toward the QCC and the organization as well, the perception of the QCC members on job satisfaction and commitment to organizational goals and values. The employees were even asked to rate the contribution of the various people in the organization. The findings of the study when it comes to the relationship of training adequacy to QCC effectiveness and the leadership of the Quality Control Circle (QCC), shows that there is relationship between adequacy of training and QCC effectiveness. However, correlation between training adequacy and the leadership of QCC, is weak. On the general feeling of members towards the Quality Control Circle and the organization, the employees have a positive feelings and /or perceptions, same as when they were asked about Job satisfaction and commitment to organizational goals and values. Employees also believed that the contribution of various people in the organization is very important. Based from the findings, a set of conclusion and recommendations were given. Trainings are helpful for each and everyone in the company, and therefore, Nestle Waters should continue to give trainings based on the needs of the employee. For shaping future QCC leaders, an appropriate training should be given to them as employees of Nestle Waters perceived a lack of appropriate trainings to develop QCC leaders. On the general feelings of the respondents about the QCC and the Organization, the respondents gave positive responses that proved how happy they are with the organization and their commitment to put extra effort for the QCC. The organization should continue its practices to support this. About the perception of the QCC members on Job satisfaction and commitment to organizational goals and values, it is the conclusion of the researcher that respondents can see the importance that the employees are happy and satisfied about their job. Also it can be concluded that based from the responses of the employees, they believe that within the organization, everybody is important. Nestle waters should strengthen its programs that will further enhance commitment to work and job satisfaction as well as devise rewards program to further motivate its employees.

Keywords: Quality Control Circle, productivity, QCC effectiveness, Job satisfaction, Commitment, Organizational Goals and Values.

Abstract: The micro grid conception permits small distributed energy resources (DERs) to act during a coordinated manner to produce a necessary quantity of active power and supportive service once needed. This paper proposes an approach of coordinated and integrated management of solar PV generators with the most power point following (MPPT) management and battery storage management to produce voltage and frequency (V-f) support to an islanded small grid. Also, active and nonnative/reactive power (P-Q) management with star PV, MPPT and battery storage is projected for the grid connected mode. The management ways show effective coordination between electrical converter V-f (or P-Q) management, MPPT management, and energy storage charging and discharging management. The penetration of PV systems as distributed generators in low-voltage grids has also seen significant attention. In addition, the need for higher overall grid efficiency and reliability has boosted the interest in the - concept. High-efficiency PV-based micro-grids require maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers to maximize the harvested energy due to the nonlinearity in PV module characteristics The paper additionally shows a good coordination among taking part small resources whereas considering the case of fixing irradiance and battery state of charge (SOC) constraint. The simulation studies area unit dispensed with the IEEE 13-bus feeder check system in grid connected and islanded small grid modes. The results clearly verify the effectiveness of projected management strategies. The MPPT of a Photovoltaic System for Micro Grid operation is successfully designed and simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink Software in this paper.

Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV) System, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Maximum Power Point(MPP), Incremental Active and Reactive Power management, Distributed Energy Resource (DER), Distributed Generation (DG), Voltage and Frequency Control.

Abstract: Data deduplication is one of important data compression techniques for eliminating duplicate copies of repeating data, and has been widely used in cloud storage to reduce the amount of storage space and save bandwidth. As the numbers of files are increasing the condition of storage node can't be managed. Because of high volume of files, it results in wasted hardware resources, increased control complexity of data center and less efficient storage system. Many systems are existed in the market regarding secure authorized deduplication like symmetric algorithm, Farsite distributed file system, digital fingerprint and message locked encryption. So to overcome this above flaws our proposed system put forwards an idea of secure authorized deduplication by using data hash key, bloom filter, subset vector creation and reverse circle cipher.

Keywords: Data hash key, bloom filter, subset vector creation, reverse circle cipher.