VOLUME 4, ISSUE 7, JULY 2017

Abstract: The concept of a smart city is relatively new and it has not been widely applied in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi government aims to launch a number of smart cities projects to improve the quality of life for its citizens and to fulfill its vision for 2030. This paper, proposes a new model, which provides e-government services as part of a solution for a smart city. It presents a unified one-stop shop for all governmental services instead of being separating among various applications or websites. The paper provides an overview of the application known as E-Gov, discusses the opportunities and concludes with some of the implementation barriers.

Keywords: E-Gov, e-government, Smart city, Smart government, Saudi Arabia, Services.

Abstract: We present a statistical analysis of the peak values of geomagnetic activity indices ( Kp, ap, AE and Dst ) with the interplanetary plasma and field parameters (T,D,V,P, and Bt , Bz , E, and B) along with their product functions (BV,BzV and B2V ) during major geomagnetic storms. We find that peak values of Dst, Kp,ap, and AE are in good correlation with E, V, BV,BzV,B2V,Bt,Bz. We have obtained specifically high values of correlation between Dst and product functions of plasma parameters (R=-0.75 for BV, R=0.78 for BzV and R=-0.77 for B2V ).This study provides statistical prove that occurrence of intense GMSs depends mainly upon magnetic field, velocity and their product functions(BV, BzV and B2V).Therefore these parameters may act as reliable indicators for predicting GMSs and their strength. We have also analysed the GMSs data during different phases of the solar cycles 23& 24 and concluded that CMEs are more important drivers of GMSs during the maximum phase of solar cycle while CIR are more significant drivers of GMSs during the decay phase.

Keywords: Geomagnetic Storms, interplanetary field parameters, interplanetary plasma parameters, Geomagnetic Indices.

Abstract: Document clustering is a powerful technique to detect topics and their relations for information browsing, analysis, and organization. However, clustered documents require post-assignment of descriptive titles to help users interpret the results. Existing techniques often assign labels to clusters based only on the terms that the clustered documents contain, which may not be sufficient for some applications more over term labeling will not give clear meaning of the clustered contents. To solve the problem, a phrase based cluster labeling is considered in this work. The work considers embedding external knowledge to terms using WordNet and provides an approach to derive a theme in the group of documents and label that group with the most appropriate Phrase. Number of experiments conducted on benchmark datasets and observed that results produced are very accurate to the clusters formed.

Keywords: Thematic Phrases, Document clustering, Information Browsing, Analysis, and Organization.

Abstract: IP address spoofing is a serious threat to the legitimate use of the Internet. Many Preventive mechanisms are thwarted by the ability of attackers to forge or spoof the source addresses in IP packets. Attackers can evade detection and put a substantial burden on the destination network for policing attack packets. In this paper a study of methods for detection of IP address spoofing is undertaken. It compares various host based methods such as IPSec, the OS Fingerprinting, TCP probing, SYN Cookies and IP puzzles with router based methods such as ingress and egress filtering, Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF), Router based Filtering (RBF), Spoofing Prevention Method (SPM), Distributed Packet Filtering (DPF), Inter Domain Packet Filtering (IDPF), SAVE, BASE, Hop Count Filtering (HCF), Pi and StackPi on the bases of their performances and effectiveness.

Keywords: Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF); Router Based Filtering (RBF); Spoofing Prevention Method (SPM); Distributed Packet Filtering (DPF); Inter Domain Packet Filtering (IDPF); Path Identification; Stack Path Identification.

Abstract: This paper presents the literature study of the research work on the use of millimeter wave for 5G system. The world wide data transmission deficiency confronting remote transporters has inspired the investigation of millimeter wave frequency range for future broadband cell communication systems. Millimeter waves which involve the frequencies from around 30GHz to 300GHz are among the most genuine contender for 5G technology. That offer an immense measure of unutilized or underutilized range. By expanding RF channel transmission capacity for portable radio channel, the information limit is incredibly expanded, supporting much better web get to and applications that requires negligible inactivity(minimum latency time).

Keywords: Mm wave, 5G, MIMO, Mobile communication, Omnidirectional path loss.

Abstract: Rainfall, runoffs are the most important hydrological variables used in the most of the water resources applications. The information pertaining to occurrence of runoff further helps in water management practices. Runoff is normally generated on limited areas i.e. impervious or less impervious areas, saturated areas etc. Whereas neighboring vegetated areas do not generate any direct runoff. This needs to be taken into account of rainfall-runoff modeling and thus in the delineation of the areas. The input parameters which influence runoff component vary spatially at micro levels. A runoff model has been developed on the basis of SCS-CN method in the present study for predicting runoff.

Keywords: Rainfall, Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing And GIS.

Abstract: Gears have a wide variety of applications. Gears generally fail when the working stress exceeds the maximum permissible stress. Contact stress analysis between two spur gear teeth was considered in different contact positions representing a pair of mating gears during rotation. These stresses are proportional to the amount of power transmitted while the design could offer favorable or adverse conditions for generation of the same. This paper intends identify the magnitude of the stresses for a given configuration of a gear transmitting power while trying to find ways for reducing weight of the gear. The philosophy for driving this work is the lightness of the gear for a given purpose while keeping intact its functionality. The process constraints for manufacturing the gear also need to be considered while recommending alternative/s. Ease of incorporating the new feature for weight reduction over the existing process of manufacturing and the magnitude of volume of mass (or weight) reduced could be considered as the key parameters for assessment for this work. This study will focus on the weight optimization of the gear, keeping the torque transmitting capacity intact, thus reducing cost of the gear. In this work, the gear will be modeled in modeling software Catia and analyzed in ANSYS. The results obtained from FEA will be validated by modifying the standard gear and then practically testing torque transmitted and stresses in the gear.

Keywords: Contact stress, FEA, ANSYS, Spur Gear

Abstract: The power devour has turned to an bothersome to many people since because of bolstered use of sight and sound gadgets. Multipliers are the primary wellsprings of energy consumption in these gadgets. In light of Multipliers Wallace tree are abating to give a range proficient system to rapid. The circuit of adder is considered as the principle part in the multiplier circuits. Various proposed are suggested to ameliorate the region of the Wallace multiplier. A Wallace tree multiplier is a quick type multiplier, which considers full and half adders. To the extent territory and execution of power of XOR entryway, XNOR doors and MUX viable. The Wallace tree multiplier using proposed full adder is obviously better contrast when compared with conventional Wallace tree multiplier.

Keywords: Wallace tree multiplier, Multiplexer, Full adder, half adder, Xilinx tool, RTL Complier Cadence tool.

Abstract: Today, the use of diesel in oil base mud is either prohibited or severely condemned due to its environmental impact. It also faces the obstacle of high disposal costs enforced by regulations set to lessen the environmental damage caused. This is forcing the industry to shift away from its use as it is becoming less feasible to operate with. A substitute base mud should be formulated in order to decrease the environmental impact, simultaneously abiding by regulations and in turn lower the overall costs. The focus on formulating a substitute-based mud using vegetable oils rather than diesel oil is gaining strong ground in the oil industry. Of these vegetable oils, Soybean oil shows great potential in both its characteristics and formulation cost. This paper is a stepping-stone into researching the feasibility of this oil. It discusses the approach that will be taken to assess Soybean oil base as oil base mud in order to conclude whether it is viable to be used as an OBM. The experimental work carried out showed high potential of Soybean base mud in comparison to oil base in both physiochemical and rheological properties as an oil and drilling fluid, better thermal stability in HPHT wells, safe due to its fire capacity resistance. The prepared Soybean base mud will perform the same function as diesel base mud, but more efficiently with less frictional pressure losses. Finally Soybean oil base mud is less expensive than oil base mud with less environmental impact and can be applied in the industry.

Keywords: soybean oil, oil-Base Mud, Diesel, drilling fluid, biodegradable oils, toxicity.

Abstract: Data mining is used to find out the meaningful information from the large dataset. Data mining plays vital role in various domains including healthcare, banking, retail, education, telecommunication, information security, finance etc. Association rule mining is one of the data mining techniques which plays vital role for analysis and decision making and it is used to find out the various patterns or association in the item set. The present study focuses on the theoretical aspects of association rule mining as well as implementation aspects also. The paper describes about the Association rule mining and an Apriori Algorithm. Also the paper discuss about the reviews of research work done in this filed by diverse researchers, scholars, organizations etc. This paper is intended towards an association rule generation using in healthcare especially for the viral infective diseases.

Keywords: Data Mining, Text Mining, Association Rule, Apriori Algorithm, Diseases.

Abstract: With the advancement in the amount of data generation, a procedure of taking out of useful information and patterns from huge data become crucial which is termed as Data Mining. It is also called as knowledge discovery process, knowledge mining from data, knowledge extraction or data /pattern analysis. In this paper, we discussed about a few optimization techniques which are quite useful for the extraction of optimal results. Animal migration optimization is the process which considers the behavior of the animal movement for moving to other positions. Genetic Algorithm (GA) performs three operations like selection, crossover and mutation over the chromosomes for the best possible result. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is based on the action performed by ants for getting the food from the shortest and superior path. And finally particle swarm optimization (PSO) which considers the particles movement and velocity then calculate best position for the movement. This paper would be useful for the best understanding of optimization technique.

Keywords: Data Mining, Animal Migration, GA, ACO, PSO.

Abstract: In this research work, an equivalent circuit model has been designed for Lithium Bismuth Borate Glass which contains 5 mol% nickel and vanadium ions using CNLS fitting achieved with the help of LEVMW program. The equivalent circuit model is outlined on the basis of immittance spectroscopic measurements and the parameters' estimation made in the input file till a valid run is achieved. The immittance spectroscopic measurements include the variations of resistance, capacitance, conductivity, electric modulus etc. with respect to frequency and temperature.

Keywords: Immittance Spectroscopy (IS), CNLS (Complex Nonlinear Least Squares), LEVM, NVLBB3 (Nickel Vanadium Lithium Bismuth Borate Glass), DE (Distributed Elements), Standard Deviation (SD).

Abstract: The major issues in the business intelligence is to predict the customer behavior and understanding them for the betterment of the business. This understanding and behavior are to be analyzed on the basis of the information given by the customer. It is important to determine customer preferences in formulating market strategies that is taken from the concept of Business Intelligence (BI) and analysis. This analysis is based on the customer profile. For these kinds of analysis, a large number of datasets are required. Having analyzed the data set in the paper [1], it was realized that more number of dataset will give maximum precession. To get these kinds of data set formulated for the work, is very difficult. This is the reason, the work has been concluded to go for genetic algorithm to generate new groups of datasets to augment the existing one, with a proper validation. Also, it has been decided to give more priority for the correlation by effectively using multiple correlation, to get an appropriate result in this work.

Keywords: Business Intelligence (BI), Multiple Correlation Technique, Augmented Data, Genetic Algorithm.

Abstract: Urban and peri-urban water bodies and wetlands play a significant role in carbon sequestration and long term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Apart from performing various ecosystem services, they are natural carbon sinks that help in mitigating global warming and accumulation of green house gas emissions, primarily originating from cities. Yet their loss and degradation has not been aptly addressed so far. However, as the impacts of climate change are being increasingly realized, the conservation of water bodies and wetlands is drawing attention due to their ability to capture atmospheric carbon. This paper focuses on the annual carbon sequestration potential of four such water body and wetland based parks within and around the city of Kolkata, India and attempts to estimate their potential for carbon sequestration based on certain national and international standards suggested by researchers. The results are followed by suitable recommendations for implementation.

Keywords: Carbon sequestration, Water bodies and wetlands, Terrestrial soil, Trees, Grasses/lawns.

Abstract: Wireless Networking is a technology in which two or more computers communicate with each other using standard network protocols but without using cables. In this we work based on MANET. MANET stands for Mobile Ad hoc Network. is a robust infrastructure less wireless network. It can be formed either by mobile nodes or by both fixed and mobile nodes. It has a limited physical security. There may be various types of Attacks like Black hole attack, Eavesdropping, jamming, Selective Packet Drop Attack. There are various existing Techniques like key distribution, monitoring mode etc. which have disadvantages like less throughput, packet loss, average delay. In our technique we will increase throughput, and minimize packet loss and average delay.

Keywords: MANET, Eavesdropping, jamming.

Abstract: Big Data Analytics is one of the primary focuses for data science. Its importance lies in its application in gathering information by many public and private organizations. The domains' specific information may have critical content concerning cyber security, national intelligence, health information, economics, and fraud detection. The current operations in technology and common activities revolve around the transfer of large data, making them predominate in the operations and the handling of real-time data. This paper aims at analyzing different application domains in the information technology architecture that involve the visualization of the massive data systems such as the X-SimViz. The framework is necessary for making analytics and visualization of real-time big data. The paper will address the issue of the big data major challenges facing design, implementation \& operation through describing the methodology, result, discussion and concluding remarks on devising approaches and strategies that could assist in reconciling security with privacy in Real-time Big data analytics.

Keywords: Big Data Analytics, Real-Time Analytics, Big Data Challenges.

Abstract: Today's Computer world ensures security, integrity, confidentiality of the organization's data to a very large extend. Cryptography is being used by organization in order to transmit a secret message successfully without being caught up by the enemies. Cryptography has evolved rapidly from the ancient times to the modern world. The information which is being transmitted from one place to another is vulnerable to various types of active and passive attacks. Therefore, the security of the information is one of the most challenging aspects of communication in today' time. A hybrid method for audio steganography (using modified Direct Sequence Spread spectrum) and cryptography (using advanced random permutation with multiple key applications) has been proposed in this paper.

Keywords: Spatial Domain, Frequency Domain, Patchwork, Spread Spectrum.

Abstract: In today environment everything is on internet. Anyone can run its business by using online services by using the concept of cloud computing but managing the various resources create a big challenge. Cloud provides different type of online resources to different users that include some cost. Anyone can use it from anywhere but require internet connection. In this paper we discuss how to divide a load so that performance increases and the concept of machine imaging in which an image of a system is created by using software and later on system is restored by using this image. One of the goal of load balancing is to provide better resource utilization.

Keywords: Load balancing, Benefits of load balancing, Load Balanced resources, Machine Imaging.

Abstract: Ad- hoc network is the network comprised of centralized base network and a mobilized network which communicate with each other. While communicating with each other, sensor nodes determine the shortest path to the destination nodes. As the sensor node operates over the limited battery power, it is very important to determine the efficient algorithm and routing protocols to fulfill the energy requirements of the network. To make the network secure, faster and energy efficient, we have to make changes in the routing protocols at the various (MAC and PHY) layer of the networks. In this paper, we carried out these changes to the LANMAR, DSR AND ZRP protocols and studied the effects in term of Throughput, end to end delay and Jitter at the application layer. The simulation results are carried out in QualNet 6.1 Simulator.

Keywords: Routing Protocols, Constant Bits Rate, Hop Count Etc.

Abstract: India is expected to rank amongst the top three healthcare markets in the world in terms of incremental growth by 2020, contributing 2.5 per cent of GDP in the 12th Five Year Plan. With the doctor-to-patient ratio as per the Medical Council of India, being at 1:1,674, well below the WHO's recommendation of 1:1,000 the need to adopt smart wearables is a must which allow the people of India the responsibility to self-check their health indicators [1]. This paper focuses on the smart healthcare concept and how smart healthcare is incomplete without the adoption of wearables. A brief glimpse is also made between the wearables available in India and those available globally to cater to the health needs of the consumers. Lastly, recommendations have been made of how Smart Healthcare can be implanted in India keeping the focus on wearables and keeping it in sync with the trending initiatives of the Indian Government.

Keywords: Wearables, Smart Healthcare, Make in India, Digital India.

Abstract: Aloe vera is used in allopathic, ayurvedic and ethano medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, and cosmetic values for health care. This plant leaf has potential to cure sunburns, burn and many skin diseases. The external use in cosmetic mainly acts as skin toner and gives a youthful glow to skin.

Keywords: Aloe vera, Ethano medicine, Therapeutic, Medicinal Uses.

Abstract: Adleman demonstrate that we can deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strands to solve an instance of the Hamiltonian path problem (HPP). One year later, Lipton solved another NP hard problem. In this paper, we use this model for developing a new DNA algorithm to solve longest and shortest path with forbidden pairs. Our algorithm works in polynomial time.

Keywords: DNA computing, longest and shortest path with forbidden pairs.

Abstract: Concept of cloud computing relevant to smart city was started with understanding the information management in construction projects. This paper is an attempt to explore the potential applications of cloud computing in a smart cities project. Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis was carried out to find out the critical parameters which can be helpful to establish a framework for development of smart city. Amongst the identified critical parameters it has been observed that application of mobile phones or mobile apps can be very effective for real time monitoring of the work progress which is helpful to minimize the time and effort for monitoring an activity associated with the development of the smart city project. It helps Government organization in different tasks to reduce time and cost for development of smart cities. This application is run through cloud because daily huge data feeds in this application and data mining is easily done in different sectors of smart city. For a smart city project which may be primarily multidisciplinary in nature these applications are helpful to improve the project coordination, project collaboration, for generating accurate real time project data and also for identification of project specific information which might be useful in implementation of the project.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Smart cities, Real time monitoring, Process flow, Mobile application.

Abstract: SEO is the method to induce your website higher rankings in search engines. SEO could be a necessary service because the web is evolving at a fast pace and there's bigger than before competition for market go to the highest positions in numerous search engines to achieve. Through analysis facilitate, it had been shown that almost all individuals like the primary 10 search outcome as if they traverse the list of search engines and infrequently select results. SEO is one of the foremost unmarked areas of selling these days. You're having the older generation still making an attempt to advertise on billboards, TV commercials, advertisements or radio. Within the meanwhile the younger people consumed with the hoopla of Facebook, Twitter and social networking websites. There are innumerable SEO techniques with very best quality that are ready to bring home the bacon of required results. SEO is the best content methodology that's for much longer term. You'll be able to climb within the rankings of Google inside days. Generally, it takes many months before seeing a lift in your position. However, on one occasion you'll be able to even get to the height of the search engines and you'll be able to even receive continuing stream traffic. The target of this analysis paper was to prove that implementing computer program optimization components that are increasing web site traffic and on-line visibility. For web site usability, SEO attributes is crucial to boost rankings.

Keywords: on page, off page, Meta keyword, Search Engine Optimization, SEO Techniques, Page Rank.

Abstract: As India is the second largest manufacturer of two wheeler Motorcycles, so most of the Indian population prefer two wheelers for their daily travelling. There is also some reasons like economic, travelling distance and traffic on city roads behind preference given to two wheelers. During travelling on two wheelers many parts of body are directly in contact with vehicle but Hands are main interface between rider and two wheeler. While travelling, handlebar transfers vehicles vibration to human body. These vibrations are due to engines inertia and combustion force, road induced vibration & improper structural designs and they are quiet varying with respect to speed, fuel supply. The prolonged exposure to these vibration may affect different parts of human body mostly hands, spine, lower back. This exposure to part of body of operator is called as 'Segmental vibration' which will result in 'hand-arm vibration syndrome' (HAVS). These vibrations also results in mental retardness and high blood pressure which are very severe. This paper is the review the work in the area of HAVS and reveals the fact that, up to certain limit vibration are not hazardous but after exceeding that limit they are very hazardous.

Keywords: Motorcycles, vibration, Hand Arm Vibration, Whole Body Vibration, Handlebar.

Abstract: Herein, Urea assisted solution combustion method has been used for the preparation of stoichiometrically pure and Zn doped Li ferrites. Urea acts as a capping agent and helps in the formation of nanostructures. Solution combustion method helps easier formation of ferrites in a single step, at relatively lower temperature and in shorter time than the reported methods. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies with diffractometer indicate high purity, single phase spinel ferrites formation. Magnetic studies by vibratory sample magnetometer (VSM) reveal an increase in the magnitude of saturation magnetization with increasing Zn content up to x = 0.3. The Zn doped Li ferrite formed possess high dc-resistivity values which make them suitable for high-frequency applications. Apart from the academic interest involved, these investigations are of technological importance in the view of the fact that their end products (ferrites) play a key role as electro-magnetic materials in the modern industry.

Keywords: Solution combustion method, powder X-ray diffraction, Powder X-ray diffraction, saturation magnetization, dc-resistivity.

Abstract: Sm substituted 0.8BaTiO3-0.2Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 lead free ceramic materials with composition 0.8Ba0.2 (Bi0.5(1-x)Sm0.5xK0.5)TiO3 (x=0.01,0.03,0.05) were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method and followed by high energy ball milling process. The X-ray diffraction studies confirm the tetragonal structural of the material at the room temperature. With increase of Sm substitution, density is decreasing. Microstructure studies were done with the help of scanning electron microscope. Temperature and frequency dependant dielectric studies indicate that dielectric constant decreasing with the substitution of Sm. Sm substitution effects the Curie temperature and it is decreasing with increase of Sm substitution. Relaxor behaviour is observed in all the Sm substituted samples. Degree of diffuseness is calculated from the modified Curie-Weiss law and it was found to be increase with the substitution of Sm.

Keywords: lead free ceramics; BaTiO3; Bi0.5K0.5TiO3; dielectric.

Abstract: Earlier, Scientists used to perform various research on discovering an alternative for copper wires which are used for data transfer between the microchips but now we have found that replacement by using silicon as an optical medium. We simply replace the original electronic circuits with photonic circuits. The future of IC industry depends upon the speed and bandwidth requirements, but in metallic interconnections we have constraints on speed as well as bandwidth. This is a key enabling factor of bringing photonics to technology areas where the costs of implementation using other methods is expensive. Silicon photonics provides us with low-cost approach for overcoming the bottleneck of the high data transmission rate. Silicon photonics is attention-seeking technology that is revolutionizing in several application areas like computing, data centers, sensing. The main objective behind using silicon photonics is that CMOS-like fabrication ability it provides resulting in high-volume production that too in low cost. It is clear that silicon photonics has a dazzling future. This paper provides an overview of the progress and the growth of each component in silicon photonics, including modulators, detectors, and lasers compared to last few years.

Keywords: Silicon, semiconductor fabrication, waveguides, avalanche photodiodes, Mach-Zehnder (MZ).

Abstract: Among the major developments in materials in recent year are composite materials, as they offer several outstanding properties as compared to several conventional materials. Composite materials have found increasingly wide applications in aircraft, space vehicles, offshore structures, electronics, automobiles, boats, and sporting goods. Today composite materials have changed all the material engineering. The evolution of composite materials has given an opportunity to various designers to use new and better materials resulting in cost reduction, increase in efficiency and better utilization of available resources. Research and development activities in this area are concerned with improving strength, toughness, stiffness, resistance to high temperature and reliability in service. Many composites materials are composed of just two phases; matrix and dispersed phase.

Keywords: aircraft, space vehicles, offshore structures, electronics, automobiles, composite materials, strength, toughness, stiffness, research.

Abstract: This work has the objective a survey of the species of plants and their uses as medicinal, which are utilized for ethano-medicinal values in the region of Ganganagar district. The area of study is recognized by a vast diversity of species of plants and habitats of great Indian Thar desert, about 59 species, belonging to 16 vascular plant families and one pteridophyte family.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Thar desert, Ethnobotany, Ganganagar district.

Abstract: Internet of Things (IOT) is an ambitious paradigm which significantly increases the scale of connected devices from personal electronics to industrial machines and sensors which are wirelessly connected to the Internet. In order to manage the complexity of such a scale, interworking solutions that can reuse pre-existing technologies seamlessly with newer and more efficient technologies is a requirement. Covering a wide variety of use cases, in various environments and serving diverse requirements, no single wireless standard can adequately exist. A number of different standardization bodies and groups are actively working on creating more inter-operable protocol stacks and open standards for the Internet of Things. With numerous standards deployed in the market, spreading over multiple frequency bands and using different communication protocols, choosing the right wireless connectivity technology for an IoT application can be relatively challenging. Ongoing standardization efforts towards harmonizing internet protocols for wireless sensor networks-based internet of things have raised hopes of global interoperable solutions at the transport layer and below. In this paper we review the predominant wireless connectivity technologies in the market, discuss their key technical concepts present guidelines for selection of the right wireless technology for different applications.

Keywords: Internet of Things, IoT, Smart devices, Protocols, Communication.

Abstract: A wireless sensor network is generally defined under a standard architecture called clustering architecture. According to this architecture, the complete network is divided in small segments called clusters. Each cluster is defined with a cluster head. The cluster head is responsible to manage all the communication within the cluster. Each node defined in the cluster, communicate with cluster head and then the information from the cluster head is transferred to the base station in direction of multi hop path. The life of the network depends on the cluster head. The effective clustering decides the actual life of the network. In this work, we have defined a solution to improve the network life by presenting an effective clustering approach. In WSN, Network lifetime is one of the major concerned area. In this work, modification in existing V-Leach protocol is done to improve the network life. The cluster head selection is done on the basis of energy and distance parameters. At the same time, the Vice Cluster Head is also selected along with Cluster Head Selection. As the cluster head dies, it is replaced by Vice Cluster Head and a new Vice Cluster Head is selected. The proposed approach tries to keep the Cluster Heads alive for the maximum time, because of this the lifetime of network maximizes and the communication over the network will be maximized and hence, improved.

Keywords: Wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes, routing protocol, cluster head, energy efficiency, lifetime, clustering, multihop, adhoc Networks.

Abstract: Most of neonates develop neo-natal jaundice which is a physiological condition characterized by yellowish discoloration of the skin and conjunctiva as a consequence of increased levels of serum bilirubin in the blood of the baby during the first week after birth. When a newborn baby has jaundice, various clinical assessments need to be executed including evaluation of the history, physical examination, and severity of disease. If the severity is not detected early and if jaundice is left untreated then bilirubin level will increase gradually. Once it exceeds a certain level there is a possibility of deafness or certain forms of brain damage may occur. Generally, blood samples are taken and various laboratory experiments are performed to determine the exact bilirubin level. As the process is repetitive, it causes trauma to infants and it also requires experts to perform this test. So, it is necessary to have a non-invasive device which can regularly monitor the bilirubin levels. This paper aims to build a portable device which is meant for the quantification of jaundice level using colour detection based on Phototherapy method. A colour sensor has been used to measure the RGB component of neonatal skin shades printed on paper. A relationship between the blue component in the skin shades and bilirubin level has been observed. The percentage of blue among RGB components has been calculated. Based on this, the bilirubin level is computed and the state of jaundice is displayed.

Keywords: Neo-natal Jaundice, Bilirubin, Colour Sensor, Arduino Uno, Phototherapy.

Abstract: Electronic circuits are used in diverse fields such as aircraft, locomotives, space applications, ships, submarines, communication systems, defense applications, etc. Also, the miniaturization of electronic devices has put a lot of constraints on the heat dissipation pattern of the circuit boards. These electronic circuits generate heat that must be dissipated while keeping chip temperature inside cabinet within safe limits for optimum performance. This is done by heat sink. So prediction and measurement of temperature of heat sink becomes essential. In the present work the heat sink is electrically heated with heating coil attached to it. Power input is calculated by measuring the input voltage and current. Temperature measurement is done using thermocouples for varying heat inputs. Heat transfer co-efficient is calculated from the measured data. This is done for different configurations of the heat sink. The experiments have been conducted by keeping the heat sink in open air. The experimental results for heat sink temperatures and heat transfer coefficients have been compared with analytical results for the heat sink being kept in open air.

Keywords: Heat sink, Natural convection, Steady state temperatures, Heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract: Accurate representation of topographic characteristics of catchment is a prerequisite for delineating stream network, watersheds and management of water resources of in any river system. In this the study satellite imagery based Digital Elevation Model has been used for derivation of the topographic characteristics of Sutlej river's catchment in Tibetan Highlands. D8 algorithm has been invoked for carrying out hydrological and spatial analysis in the ArcGIS environment. The relief of catchment ranges from 2551 m to 7156 m and it was found that almost 65% of the catchment is situated in the elevation range 4500 m to 5500 m.

Keywords: Digital Elevation Model, Topographic Characteristics, Eight Flow Direction Algorithm, Delineating of Watershed and Stream Network.

Abstract: Time series of spatial distributed ambient air temperature data sets is used as the main driving variable to estimate snowmelt in temperature index models. However, extreme climatic conditions and prohibit establishment, maintenance and operation of metereological stations in the logistically challenging of catchment of Sutlej river in Nari Khorsam province of Tibetian Highlands. Remote sensing based land-surface temperature data are also not very useful for snow-covered areas. In the present study ASTER Digital Elevation Model is used for dividing the river basin area in five elevation zones. Time series of Daily maximum and minimum temperature data logged at weather station in Kaza are extrapolated to various elevation zones using the temperature lapse rate for obtaining spatially distributed temperature data sets.

Keywords: Extrapolation, Temperature, Digital Elevation Model, Rugged Tibetan Terrain, Elevation Zones, Temperature lapse Rate.

Abstract: Today's we are active in the age of big information with complex hazards. In the ancient time, the volume of the data will be less the well managed structure, form data provide a greater output using RDBMS concept. The current theme defines the unstructured and semi structure data define the complexity as a challenging area So on this day we reduce the problem with the Hadoop concept with fetching huge information, manage, provide security. RDBMS doesn't handle this problem so the technology moves for the new platform i.e. called Hadoop. To write this paper I have Study about improving data security by means of Hadoop as well as Crypto technique with HIVE ecosystem. Next the detailed study of Hadoop using hive w.r.t cryptography we define Kerberos algorithm for the security purpose, I am contribution my work. This paper is distributing in four sectors. In sector-I, I am donating just basic introduction about Hadoop with hive algorithm for improving data Security. In sector-II, I am present detailed description, in sector-III, I am presenting working procedure with results, and in sector IV, I am Offering conclusion and references where I have completed my research.

Keywords: RDBMS Solutions, Big Data Analytics, Hadoop, Big Data Platform, GFS, HDFS, MapReduce, Real-Time Processing, Hive, Pig, VMware, Cloudera.

Abstract: The nanocrystalline yttrium iron garnet and chromium (Cr3+) substituted yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5-xCrxO12 (x=0.00, 0.20 and 0.40) ceramics was prepared by citric acid assisted sol-gel auto combustion. The produced phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particles of uniform size around 74-93 nm were obtained in the cubic structure of the prepared samples. Various structural parameters such as lattice constant (a), X-ray density (dx), unit cell volume (V) etc. were calculated from the XRD data. The variation of these structural parameters in chromium composition has been studied. The lattice constant decreases while X-ray density increases with increasing Cr content x. The morphology revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images suggests the fluffy, porous and mud like structure. It is also observed that the grain of spherical shape with somewhat agglomerations. The agglomeration can be attributed to the magnetic interactions and high surface energy of prepared nanoparticles. FTIR spectra show typical absorption bands indicating the formation of garnet structure of the samples. Upon chromium substitution, absorption bands broadened and shifted towards lower wavenumber.

Keywords: Garnet, XRD, FTIR. sol-gel auto combustion.

Abstract: In this paper, we prove a fixed point theorem for a map that satisfy a rational inequality in multiplicative metric spaces and this generalize various results present in literature.

Keywords: Multiplicative metric spaces, rational inequality, fixed point.

Abstract: In this paper, we prove a general fixed point theorem that generalizes various results present in multiplicative fixed point literature.

Keywords: Multiplicative metric spaces, rational inequality, fixed point.

Abstract: In this paper we prove a unique common fixed point theorems using Presic type contraction in complete multiplicative metric spaces.

Keywords: Multiplicative metric spaces, Presic type contraction, k-weak compatible mappings, fixed point.

Abstract: Process plants in petrochemical industry handle hydro carbons and other fuels that can produce accidental explosions. Here, the vapor cloud explosion is the most commonly observed. Peak side on overpressure, impulse and time period of blast wave are the basic parameters required for defining the blast load. Technological structures is refinery are generally unmanned structures and need not to be design for resisting blast. Refinery is operated to control buildings and substations; hence these structures are occupied continuously. This makes these structures extremely important and we shall design the same for resistant blast.

Keywords: Dynamic Pressure, Blast Wind, Clearance Time, Impulse, Shock Wave Front, Transit Time.

Abstract: Minimum level of the user expertise required for professional software to achieve the enviable results. In this project, an algorithm is used to identify facial flaws / imperfection. Any such algorithm would be agreeable to facial retouching applications. The identification of flaws / imperfections can allow these skin textures to be processed in a different way than the surrounding skin without much user contact. For identification, Gabor filter responses along with texture orientation field are used as image features. A bimodal Gaussian mixture model (GMM) represents distributions of Gabor features of normal skin versus skin imperfections. Then, a Markov random field model is used to include the spatial relationships among neighboring pixels for their GMM distributions and texture orientations. An expectation-maximization algorithm then classifies skin versus skin flaws/imperfections.Once detected, flaws / imperfections are removed completely instead of being blended or blurred. An exemplar-based constrained texture synthesis algorithm is used to in paint irregularly shaped gaps left by the removal of detected flaws / imperfections. Results are conducted on images downloaded from the Internet or taken from the system to show the efficacy of algorithms.

Keywords: Exempler based synthesis algorithm, Matlab, GMM.

Abstract: Pin-on-disc unlubricated wear tests for 1.5% carbon steel were conducted under operational conditions of load between 0.0625 & 0.749 MPa and speed between 1 & 4 m/s. All wear tests were conducted for the distance travel of 5000 meters. This work is based on the effect of microstructure on wear rate. Different microstructures have been developed like combinations of pearlite and cementite by annealing, almost 100 percent cementite by quenching and spheriozided cementite by interment forging. SEM and XRD micrographs have been studied to understand the wear mechanisms. It is observed that spherodized cementite shown least volumetric wear rate than other developed microstructures.

Keywords: Hyper eutectoid steel, Spherodized cementite, Wear rate, SEM, XRD.

Abstract: This paper gives an outline of the basic use of textile in the automobile industry for manufacturing seat covers in conjunction with its description, types and performance. Test on the properties like durability, comfort, appearance, Fabric abrasion resistance, Fabric breaking strength, Fabric tearing strength, Fabric crease recovery angle, Fabric water repellence, Fabric moisture content, Fabric colour fastness will be carried out. This will provide the comparative study of the types of fabrics used namely, Woven fabric and Knitted Fabric.

Keywords: Abrasion, Woven Fabric, Knitted Fabric.

Abstract: The present condition is of innovative investment. Investor are suitable for innovative investment as well as more attentive for cashless transactions, online banking, online shopping, online investment etc, feeling self-sufficient for Investment related matters. In related to investment previously Bank saving as well as saving account, Public Provident Fund through bank and post offices was the most suitable options for the investors. But now investors are more informative as compare to previously and investing in different areas for diversification of their investment. In the present condition, mutual fund investments are the important investment methods as compared to other options. Through mutual fund investment, we can get the indirect communication with capital market. The mutual funds can be choosing on the basis of different preferences like investor age, investor financial situation, investor risk capacity and what short of return investor looking from mutual fund investment. Mutual Funds gives high liquidity, managed by professionals, provides ELSS (Equity Linked Saving Schemes) tax saving with investment. Investor can get huge returns and having choice of different schemes as per the requirements as well execution of their financial goals. This research presents Investors' attitude for Mutual Funds Investment. In this research, Primary data collected through questionnaire and secondary data collected from various literatures and from internet. The results indicate that most of the investors know about mutual funds but still not investing in mutual fund due to lack of knowledge regarding investment in mutual fund. This research also investigate investors attitude for mutual funds investment in future for achieving investment objective. This research recommendation will be useful for mutual fund operating organizations and government to initiate the awareness programs for investors, so they become more literate and also run training programs for mutual funds advisors for developing trust in mutual fund investors. This research presents a study of investor behaviour for investment in mutual funds in Allahabad.

Keywords: Mutual Funds Investment Options, Awareness Programs, Attitude, Mutual Funds, Capital Market, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.

Abstract: The aim of the authorship attribution is identifying the author of an unknown/anonymous document. Many earlier researches used authorship attribution as a multi class single labelled text classifier problem. However, in several applications it is not easy or even possible to find such labeled data and it is necessary to build unsupervised attribution models that are able to estimate similarities/differences in personal style of authors. The present paper experimets authorship attribution as a clustering task using various unsupervised clustering algorithms like K-means, Mini Batch K-means and Ward Hierarchialclusterings and our authorship clustering algorithm achieves 97% of clustering accuracy in clustering C50 English news groups artcles.

Keywords: authorship clustering; unsupervised algorithms; C50 data set.

Abstract: The present paper deals with the kinetic and mechanistic investigation of pd(II) catalyzed oxidation of paracetamol by potassium bromate (KBrO3) in presence of perchloric acid medium at 303 K. The experimental result shows a first order kinetics with respect to [Palladium] and [bromate]. The reaction showed negative effect for [H+]. Paracetamol positively influenced the rate of reaction. Negligible effect of [HgOAc)2] and ionic strength of the medium was observed. Variation of [Cl-] does not show any significant change on the rate of reaction. The values of rate constants observed at different temperatures (30 to 450C) were utilized to calculate the activation parameters. Quinoneoxime and acetic acid have been identified as main oxidation products of the reactions. Feasible mechanism has been proposed conforming with the kinetics, stochiometry and product of the reaction. The rate law has been derived from obtained kinetic data.

Keywords: Kinetics, Pd(II) chloride, oxidation, Paracetamol, Potassium bromate, Acidic medium.

Abstract: Solar stills are well proven technology for water desalination but these technologies are not very popular mainly due to its low amount of productivity. For addressing this problem and to out find new alternative technology for water desalination, in this work we design, develop and experimented concentrated parabolic dish type solar desalination system with coated absorber unit. The parabolic dish made of G.I. and silver coated selective surface sheet coupled with black absorber unit, this is fix at the focal point of dish. The test result shows very good performances in terms of enhanced distill output and lower amount of heat losses from absorber unit. The experimentation carried out as per the standards at Shivaji University, Kolhapur (16º41'30"N and 74º14'00"E) in Southern Maharashtra, India.

Keywords: solar energy, desalination, concentrated parabolic dish, absorber unit.

Abstract: As India is the second largest manufacturer of motorcycles, so most of the population prefer two wheelers for daily transportation. Also there is economic reasons, road conditions, and transportation distance for the people's preference to motorcycle. Driving for long duration exposes motorcycle rider to extreme vibration arised from engine, road surface etc. resulted in severe effects on human health like musculoskeletal disorders, spinal injury, Harm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS), vibration induced white finger, finger numbness etc. So an approach towards motorcycle vibration reduction has to be carried out as the vibration transmitted through hand are of prime importance due to its severity. In this paper approach towards handlebar vibration has been carried by using analytical tools like Finite Element Method (FEM) where Modal vibrational analysis is done to find out response of structure to vibrations. Modal Analysis is well established technique which provides inherent dynamic properties of structure like natural frequency, mode shapes. Then experimental testing carried out for correlation of FEM results. There is good correlation found between software and experimental test results. Aim of this work is to develop method for vibration reduction by using software package (FEM) so, as to reduce time, cost required for experimental testing.

Keywords: Handlebar, Finite Element Method, Modal Analysis, Natural Frequency, FFT.

Abstract: A study of electromechanical oscillation in power systems is presented. The effect of excitation, governor and power system stabilizer are discussed. In the study both of linearized techniques and non-linear analysis are used to determine the characteristics of the system.

Keywords: Inter-area oscillations, Modal Analysis, Mode Shape, Participation Factor, PSS.

Abstract: In the present scenario of rising SO2 in the atmosphere, the negative impact of this obnoxious gas on the plants is among major concerns in the field of agriculture and crop protection. From the scientific research conducted so far, it has been established that the main toxic effect of SO2 on plant system is exerted by the resulting oxidative stress and generation of sulphite ions. Prominent adverse effect is observed on the overall plant growth and health, Photosynthetic efficiency and produce turn over. On the other hand, plant defence mechanism tries to counter the stress either by inhibiting the entry of the gas by or by detoxifying the excess sulphur and scavenging the resulted reactive oxygen species. Enzymes like superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, play a key role in the detoxifying process and a considerable amount of toxic sulphur is detoxified by forming S-containing sulphur compounds. This phenomenon is being utilized for the development of SO2 resistant plant lines by over-expression of Cysteine synthase like genes. This review presents literature study of SO2 induced effects on plants as well as plant resistance against it and approaches toward developing enduring resistance in plants.

Keywords: Sulphur dioxide stress, Sulphite toxicity, Abiotic stress, Oxidative stress response, Plant defence.

Abstract: Big data is a huge amount of data that are collected from different sources. Big data refers to large growing datasets which contain heterogeneous formats and roughly ranging from few terabytes to petabytes. Big data management using traditional approach is impossible because it contains different types of data i.e. structured as well as un-structured data. Big data require large amount of storage and one solution is cloud computing technology. Cloud computing provide online storage depending upon the need of the customers. This paper describes what big data is and the technologies like Hadoop, HDFS and MapReduce that are used for handling big data. This paper also discusses big data challenges and benefits.

Keywords: Big Data, Big Data Architecture, Challenges of Big Data, Big data technologies, Benefits of Big Data.

Abstract: One of the most favored encryption innovations to tackle the testing issue of secure information partaking in distributed computing is Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE). The shared information records for the most part have the normal for multilevel progression, especially in the region of human services and the military. In any case, CP-ABE does not investigate the hierarchy order structure of shared records. A productive record chain of importance attribute-based encryption plan is proposed in distributed computing. The layered get to structures are incorporated into a solitary get to structure, and after that, the progressive documents are scrambled with the coordinated get to structure. The ciphertext parts identified with attributes could be shared by the records. Accordingly, both ciphertext data storage and time cost of encryption are bifurcated. In addition, the proposed plan is ended up being secure under the standard presumption. Test reenactment demonstrates that the proposed plan is very proficient regarding encryption and decryption. With the quantity of the records expanding, the upsides of our plan turn out to be increasingly prominent.

Keywords: Ciphertext-policy, attribute-based encryption, data sharing, file hierarchy.

Abstract: The ability to correctly identify the sentiment expressed in user-reviews about a particular product is an important task for several reasons. Product owner's point-of-view, if there is a negative sentiment associated with a particular feature of a product, the manufacturer can take immediate action(s) to address the issue. Failing to detect a negative sentiment associated with a product from numerous user-review might result in decreased sales. User's point-of-view, in online stores where one cannot physically touch and evaluate a product as in a real-world store, the user opinions are the only available subjective descriptors of the product and the numerous user-reviews. Correctly identifying the sentiment expressed in user-reviews will help the new users to make decision on buying. Cross Domain opinion grading is the task of adopting a sentiment classifier trained on a particular domain to a different domain by adopting previous feedbacks of a particular products. Primarily data is collected and analysed by using sentiword net. Data is fed in textual form, then it will convert to numerical form and displays in the matrix form. It assists the Product Owners and Potential buyers of a product to easily understand the overall opinion about that product and it automatically classifies the user reviews according to sentiment expressed in them. It helps Product Owner to improve their Product and increase the sale. It helps potential buyer to make right buying decision.

Keywords: Cross domain; Sentiword net; Source domain; Target domain; SPF.

Abstract: This project deals with simulation and here the simulator used is Network Simulator. And sensor network are used to sense the collision of packets. Here we also use number of nodes to transmit packet. This simulation project deals with arrangements of packets, and transmitting those packets from source to destination. Here we transmit the packet in two different medium that is air medium and water medium. During the transmission of packets from source to destination, there packets may collied with each other. To avoid this collision we use two transmission schemes namely Collision Free Scheme (CFS) and Collision Tolerant Scheme(CTS).

Keywords: Dijisktra's algorithm; Poisson distribution technique; Number of nodes; sensor networks.

Abstract: In wireless and wired communication, several problems are faced such as noise, security of data, distortion etc. Reliable and secure communication is demanded in modern era. Today is the world of communication, there are so many applications such as IMO, VoIP, Skype required reliable and secure communication. For secure communication various methods and techniques are used. In earlier days, only encryption was used for the purpose of security. Another term also available such as steganography and cryptography and these terms are used in computer security. At present, covert channels are used for the secure transmission of data. Covert channels are of two types such as covert timing channels and covert storage channels. Covert timing channels are those which use timing properties of some communication channel and these are designed for passing unauthorized information and they passed the information at the speed at which things happen. But these covert timing channels controls time between transmissions of packets in overt communication. Different parameters are available to measure the performance of covert timing channels such as undetectability, robustness, delay, traffic received, traffic sent and collision count. Covert timing channels play a critical role in telecommunication, defence, banking etc. But main problem occurs in these channels is noise. So this paper aims to enhance the performance of covert timing channels by comparing different networks. Covert timing channels used for the purpose of security in different applications such as VoIP, SSH. The main properties of covert timing channels are undetectability and robustness. Covert timing channels are used to avoid unauthorized access from criminals, hackers & terrorists etc. But there are some disadvantages of covert timing channels, e.g. terrorists use covert channels to coordinate their actions. This paper also discusses about applications of covert timing channels.

Keywords: Covert Timing Channels, Security, Delay.

Abstract: Solar air heaters have emerged as an efficient and sustainable solution for harnessing solar energy to meet heating requirements in various applications. This study presents a numerical simulation approach to analyze the performance and optimize the design parameters of a solar air heater. The simulation is based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, enabling accurate modeling of the complex heat transfer phenomena occurring within the system. The numerical model incorporates the fundamental principles of fluid flow, heat transfer, and solar radiation absorption to predict the thermal performance of the solar air heater. The geometry of the air heater, including the absorber plate, duct design, and insulation materials, is discredited into a computational grid to solve the governing equations. The simulation accounts for factors such as solar radiation intensity, ambient temperature, airflow velocity, and inlet air properties to calculate the temperature distribution and heat transfer rates. By conducting a parametric study using the numerical model, various design parameters are investigated, including the dimensions of the duct, the inclination angle of the absorber plate, and the properties of the heat-absorbing materials. The simulation results provide insights into the impact of these parameters on the system's thermal efficiency, heat transfer performance, and overall energy output. Furthermore, optimization techniques such as genetic algorithms or response surface methodology are employed to identify the optimal configuration of the solar air heater. This optimization process aims to maximize the thermal efficiency and heat transfer rates while considering practical constraints such as cost and space limitations. The proposed numerical simulation serves as a powerful tool for engineers, researchers, and designers involved in the development and improvement of solar air heating systems. It enables a comprehensive evaluation of the system's performance under various operating conditions and facilitates the exploration of innovative design strategies to enhance energy efficiency and sustainability.

Keywords: Solar air heater, numerical simulation, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), heat transfer, optimization, thermal efficiency.