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National Conference on Renewable Energy and Environment - Special Issue
NCREE-2015
📅 Date: 9th May 2015
🏫 Organized by: IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad
📖 Volume: VOLUME 2, SPECIAL ISSUE 1, MAY 2015
Some aspects of Solar energy and its supply chain in India’s Energy Security
Dr. J.P. Mani, Shubham Sharma
Harnessing Energy from thin air “Hygroelectricity”
Abhishek Saxena, Rajat Shukla, Brijesh Kumar, Kanika Kalra
Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques
Pulkit Singh, Dr. D.K. Palwalia, Amit Gupta, Prakash Kumar
Environmental Ethics and Education- A Necessity to Inculcate Environment Oriented Cognizance
Neha Taneja, Kaushal Gupta
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL, INTERLEAVED AND WAVELET BASED OFDM SYSTEMS
Mrinalini, Rafiq Ahmad
BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION: A REVIEW IN INDIA PERSPECTIVE
Shivam Jaiswal, Rajat Jain and Shivangi Srivastava
JATROPHA CURCAS: A RENEWABLE BIODIESEL PLANT
Satyendra Pratap Singh, Rishi Kumar Anand, Vibhanshu Vinay, Prof. Debojyoti Sen
OPTIMALLYSIZING THE COMBINATION OF PV ARRAY-WIND SYSTEM INTO THE BATTERY BANK
ShilpaSaxena, Manu, Nidhi, Seema
Modelling of Single-Phase to Three-Phase Power Convertersion System with Parallel Rectifier and Series Inverter
Dheeraj Panchauli, Chetan Jain, Annu Govind
SOLAR PORTABLE CHARGER FOR MOBILE PHONE DEVICES USING THE SOLAR ENERGY AS A SOURCE OF ELECTRIC POWER
Satyendra Kumar Gupta, Anurag Agrawal
Experimental Validation of CombustionCharacteristics of Commercial Diesel Fuel
Mahir Husain, Praveen Pandey
A Comparative Study of Power Inverter Topology and Control Structures for Renewable Energy Recourses
Rakesh Kumar Kumawat, Seema Agrawal, Seemant Chourasiya, R.D.K.Palwalia
ENERGY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
SHASHANK MATHUR, VISHAL UPADHYAYA, PRAKHAR KUMAR, SULEKHA SAXENA
A Review of Designing Aspects of SMES an Ideal Energy Storage for Renewable Energy
Meenakshi Chahar, Manoj Kumar
Producing Electricity through Gravitational Force
Mukul Agarwal, Alind, Danish Ansari, Tushina Bedwal
Grid Integration of Renewable Energy: A Case Study
Swatantra Kumar, Sujata Katiyar, Kriti, Om Prakash Yadav
A Study on Dual Axis Solar Sun Seeker using Microcontroller
Ritikaa Wahal, Ubaida Bin Firoz, Anil Kumar Singh
Wireless Power Transmission- A Novel Concept
Bharat Muni, Paritosh Sharma, Poonam Ghai, Debojyoti Sen
Synchrophasor Technology: PMU Applications in Smart Grids
Vishal Upadhyaya, Shashank Mathur, Prakhar Kumar, Sulekha Saxena
Modeling and Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based H2 Generator for Distribution Generation
Rajnish Ranjan, Pravesh Kumar, Ankit Gupta, Rupendra Pachauri, Yogesh K. Chauhan
Socio Economic Barriers Related to Solar Energy Use
Shivam Rathore, Sonal Agrawal, Sandeep Kumar, Sulekha Saxena
Electricity Generation from Trash “Eliminating the Unwanted, While Creating the Needed”
Sunil Pandey, kanika Kalra, pooja Singh, Rajat Shukla
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR RURAL COLD STORAGE IN INDIA
SPARSH TRIPATHI, AYUSH MISHRA, SHARIQ KHAN, DEBOJYOTI SEN
Simulation of Net Zero Energy Office Building in Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Arpan Sengar, Abhishek Singh, Shubham Khandelwal, Debojyoti Sen
Efficient Power System with Micro Grid and Smart Grid and its Environmental Impact
Md. Sohrab Ali, Ajad kumar, Ms Annu Govind
ECO-FRIENDLY ALTERNATIVE OF ENERGY HARVESTING- PIEZOELECTRICITY
Ashok Narayan Tripathi, Himanshu Mishra, Ankit Mishra
GEOTHERMAL-A EXPOSURE TO THE RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Shilpi jain, Sachin kumar, Reena Chaudhary, Debojyoti Sen
Introduction to Magnetic Levitation: A Review
Dr.Rishi Asthana, Sudhir Kumar Singh, Vishal Kumar Mishra, Uddeshya kumar
A Survey on Maximization the Lifetime of Wireless sensor network by minimizing Energy hole problem
Zaheeruddin, D.K. Lobiyal, Aruna Pathak
Service Mechanism for Reusability Framework for Software and it’s Challenges: Literature review
Mr. Afsaruddin, Mr. Faiyaz Ahamad
AND UTILISATION OF WASTE WATER TO PRODUCE ELECTRIC ENERGY
Prakhar Agarwal,Apoorv Srivastava,Akshat Garg,Sulekha Saxena
Green Building Design: Approach towards Sustainable Energy Utility
Agrima dutt sharma, Archisha tripathi, Prof. Varun singhal
Voltage Regulation of a Stand Alone 3-Ø Self-Excited Induction Generator Using AC/DC/AC Converter Fed RLC Series Circuit
Chetan Jain, A. K. Sharma, Dheeraj Panchauli
Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management through Vermitechnology: Impact of Vermicompost on Sweet flag (Acorus calamus) plants and Sodic Degraded Land.
Pramod Kumar Singh, Neetu Pandey, Monika Gupta, Alok Kumar
Enhancement of Efficiency of a Photovoltaic Panel by Voltage Regulation using PI- Control Algorithm
Sachin Tyagi, Mayank Agarwal, Ravi Kumar Sahu
AERIAL WIND TURBINE
Kartikey Dwivedi, Abhishek Saxena
POWER GENERATION USING PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL
Ratnesh Srivastava, Navneet Tiwari, Abhishek Kumar, Debojyoti Sen
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES NEED OF THE HOUR
Indraneel Bhattacherjee, Prerit Rajput, Prince Kumar and Sameer Anand
Comparative analysis of dc boost voltage source inverter and z-source inverter
MOHIT TYAGI, ATUL KUSHWAHA, ALOK TYAGI
Performance Enhancement of Gas Plants by PSO Optimized Temperature Controller
Feroz Khan and Rajnikant Tiwari
Potential of Solar Energy in India: A Review
Harendra Kumar Yadav, Vijay Kumar and Vinay Kumar Yadav
Current Stature and Future Outlook of Hybrid Renewable Energy System
Chandraprabha, Namrata Singh, Shalini Thakur and Rituraj Karan
Performance Analysis of Standalone Hybrid PV-SOFC- BATTERY Generation System
Seema Agarwal, Seemant Chourasiya, Rakesh Kumar Kumawat, Dr.D.K.Palwalia
Design and Simulation of Small Power Stand Alone Solar Photovoltaic Energy System for Residential unit
Shikha Yadav, Rituraj Jalan
Self excited induction generator: A review
R. K. Kumawat, Seemant Chourasiya, Seema Agrawal, Dr. D.K.Paliwalia
A Study on the Importance of Balance Control Strategies in Cascaded Multilevel STATCOM
Shruti Rastogi, Manish Kumar Singh, Vipul Kapoor
Introduction and Control Approach of Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC)
Shivanand, Rituraj Jalan, V K Maurya
Micro-grid by for distribution of Electric Energy in a remote area
Sakshi Singh, Virendra Kumar Maurya
Abstract
Energy Efficiency and Demand Side Management
Swati Singh, Surabhi Chandra
Abstract: This paper deals with the energy management system. It includes the study of energy efficiency by Demand Side Management (DSM) scheme. DSM represents a revolutionary approach to planning at electric utilities. It introduces the concept of DSM for residential, commercial and industrial energy users. In the later section implementation of DSM, challenges faced by DSM, and benefits of DSM have been discussed which clearly proved that DSM is boon for users, customers and at environment end. Keywords: DSM, HVAC, IEA, off-peak.
Abstract
Some aspects of Solar energy and its supply chain in India’s Energy Security
Dr. J.P. Mani, Shubham Sharma
Abstract: In this paper the authors have discussed salient features of solar energy and its supply chain in Indian context. Recommendations are made for India's energy security which will benefit the whole nation in short term as well as in long term. Keywords: India, Solar energy, supply chain, photovoltaic power.
Abstract
Harnessing Energy from thin air “Hygroelectricity”
Abhishek Saxena, Rajat Shukla, Brijesh Kumar, Kanika Kalra
No abstract available.
Abstract
Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques
Pulkit Singh, Dr. D.K. Palwalia, Amit Gupta, Prakash Kumar
Abstract: The many different techniques for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are discussed. The techniques are taken from the literature dating back to the earliest methods. It is shown that at least 19 distinct methods(Algo.) have been introduced in the literature, with many variations on implementation. Keywords: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), photovoltaic (PV).
Abstract
Environmental Ethics and Education- A Necessity to Inculcate Environment Oriented Cognizance
Neha Taneja, Kaushal Gupta
Abstract: Humanitarian disaster is increasingly disturbing the human life. The environmental crisis that hits the global world has threatened the future of the human race and that demands the mitigation of the problems through local action at the individual level. It necessitates the review of the environmental education with respect to its goal as well as its pedagogical approaches. The need of the hour is to move beyond emphasis on mere sensitization towards environmental issues for developing practical capacities among the individuals, to analyze the ethical aspects of the environmental issues and take decisions for actions. Thus, the present paper deals with what environmental ethics mean and also attempts to provide the need for environmental ethics education and its inculcation towards creating environment oriented cognizance. Keywords: Ethics, Environmental Education, Environmental Ethics, Anthropocentrism, Biocentrism, Egocentrism.
Abstract
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL, INTERLEAVED AND WAVELET BASED OFDM SYSTEMS
Mrinalini, Rafiq Ahmad
Abstract: The paper provides an overview of Conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Interleaved OFDM (IOFDM) and Wavelet based systems. Description includes comparison of the tools for studying the signals. In this paper, we have evaluated BER performance for conventional OFDM, IOFDM and WOFDM systems. IOFDM system is proposed to increase the code rate without increasing the number of subcarriers and bandwidth. Later, the work is compared and simulation results in enhancement of performance with a moderate increase in computational complexity and delay. Keywords: FFT, OFDM, CP, MCM, ICI, ADSL.
Abstract
BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION: A REVIEW IN INDIA PERSPECTIVE
Shivam Jaiswal, Rajat Jain and Shivangi Srivastava
Abstract: In this paper an innovative method of producing energy from biomass has been implemented using process heat and fractional distillation. The overall efficiency of conversion can be increased by applying this method. Biomass is a biological ingredient derived from carbonaceous waste of various natural and human day to day activities. India is a densely populated country. Large number of people residing in rural areas harvest fire wood, vegetation, animal dung and agricultural residues for domestic cooking. In this research, the available sources and potential of biomass fuels in India are studied, and converted into power very efficiently on the basis of available information. Keywords: Biomass, Process heat, Agricultural leftovers, Energy, Fractional distillation, India.
Abstract
JATROPHA CURCAS: A RENEWABLE BIODIESEL PLANT
Satyendra Pratap Singh, Rishi Kumar Anand, Vibhanshu Vinay, Prof. Debojyoti Sen
Abstract: Our human race is achieving throttling advancement in modern scenario which leads to crisis of petroleum based oil which bound us to the pavement for search of biodiesel. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engine. The paper investigates the prospect of making cultivation & economic analysis of biodiesel from Jatropha oil. Jatropha is a renewable non edible plant which grows in arid & semi arid region of the country on degraded soils having low fertility & moisture. Jatropha seeds contains 50%-60% oil which after three years of cultivation have an oil yield of 2.5- 1.2 tons per hectare & the by¬¬- product of this biodiesel is glycerine which has different applications. Jatropha oil widely viewed as a fuel capable of growing in marginal areas where other crops can't yield satisfactorily with astonishing Capability of producing biodiesel on a very wide scale. Keywords: Jatropha Curcas, Bio-fuel, Bio Plant, Renewable Energy, Energy, Green Energy, Future Energy.
Abstract
LASER IGNITION SYSTEM IN I C ENGINES FOR CLEANER ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW
ABHISHEK SAXENA
Abstract: For more than 150 years, spark plugs have powered internal combustion engines. Automakers are now one step closer to being able to replace this long-standing technology with laser igniters, which will enable cleaner, more efficient, and more economical vehicles. The technique of laser ignition has reached a high degree of maturity. It allows the improvement of performance of large MW gas engines: higher ignition pressures, capability for ignition of leanest mixtures, lower NOx content in the exhaust, higher efficiency. Conventional spark plugs pose a barrier to improving fuel economy and reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), a key component of smog. Engines make NOx as a byproduct of combustion. If engines ran leaner -- burnt more air and less fuel -- they would produce significantly smaller NOx emissions. Laser igniters could one day replace spark plugs in automobile engines, Not only would these lasers allow for better performance and fuel economy, but cars using them would also create less harmful emissions. Keywords: Laser Igniter, Spark Plug, NOx Emissions, Fuel Efficiency, Gas Lasers.
Abstract
OPTIMALLYSIZING THE COMBINATION OF PV ARRAY-WIND SYSTEM INTO THE BATTERY BANK
ShilpaSaxena, Manu, Nidhi, Seema
Abstract: In this research paper we have evaluated the potential of hybrid system to produce electricity for a community and other states. The different types of renewable sources are specifically evaluated in the economic performance of the overall equipment. The presented methodology is applied to evaluate the potential of photovoltaic-wind hybrid system. Using hybrid system has reduced the pollution and decrease the global warming. In this we have analyzed the data of solar and wind power and calculated the average energy which operates the designed load. By using hybrid system we have fulfill the energy demand into the future. The intensive consumption of fossil combustibles is the main cause for the negative impact on our atmosphere. Hence switching to renewable energy resources will eliminate this problem. Keywords: Average energy, hybrid system, renewable energy, solar power, wind power.
Abstract
Modelling of Single-Phase to Three-Phase Power Convertersion System with Parallel Rectifier and Series Inverter
Dheeraj Panchauli, Chetan Jain, Annu Govind
Abstract: Single-phase to three-phase power conversion using power electronics converters is a well-known technology, when the configurations and control strategies already accomplished in the technical study are considered. This paper presents single-phase to three-phase with dc-link converters with parallel rectifier and series inverter for reduction in the input current and reduction of the output voltage processed by the rectifier circuit and inverter circuit respectively. In this paper we proposed better solution for single phase to three phase drive system by employing 2 parallel single phase rectifier stages, a 3-phase inverter stage. Parallel converters can be used to improve the power capability, reliability, efficiency and redundancy. An isolation transformer is not used for the reduction of circulating currents among different converter stages. It is an important objective in the system design. The complete comparison between the comprehensive model of proposed converter and standard configurations will be presented in this work. Simulation of this model will be carried out by using MATLAB/ Simulink. Keywords: Power conversion, power electronics converters, parallel converter, pulse width modulation, three phase ac motordrive.
Abstract
SOLAR PORTABLE CHARGER FOR MOBILE PHONE DEVICES USING THE SOLAR ENERGY AS A SOURCE OF ELECTRIC POWER
Satyendra Kumar Gupta, Anurag Agrawal
Abstract: In this paper we discuss system structures, in which mobile phones act as either active or passive devices depending on available communication between smart phones and their solar chargers. A suitable small size solar cell panel is selected that is easy to carry to any locations farther from city electric grids. Both smart phones and solar chargers design approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, which we will elaborate in more detail in our analysis. The alternative use of the solar energy as power source is helpful in outdoor emergency situations and avoids the traditional way of waiting beside an electrical sockets or outlets for charging. We discuss here a special electronic design and construction with an important merit related to controlling battery charging currents. The results from the simulation and the experiment show the design's sufficient feasibility for practical implementation. Keywords: Solar panel, mobile phone, portable charger, mobile battery, Solar power, photovoltaic.
Abstract
Experimental Validation of CombustionCharacteristics of Commercial Diesel Fuel
Mahir Husain, Praveen Pandey
Abstract:In current scenario commercially available diesel fuel becomes the primary energy resource of transportation and power production. Diffusion combustion of fuels in compression ignition engines is a very complex phenomenon. Delay period is single most important parameter which controls the performance and emission characteristics of fuels used in CI engines. Present work deals with measurement of ignition delay of commercial diesel fuel in a closed cylindrical camber and a comparison of the obtained results with the Arrhenius equation given by Wolfer and Stringer in 1959 is carried out. The comparison is done at different ambient air pressure from 10 to 25 bar and air temperature from 3500C to 4500C. It is found that, experimental results shows more consistant trends with the arrhenius equation, when fuel is injected at high injection pressure of 300bar. Keywords:Cylindrical combustion chamber, Ignition delay, Variation of injection pressure.
Abstract
ALGAL BIOFUEL: A STEP TO GREENERFUTURE
AMRIT PRAKASH, ADITYA ASHOK, AYSKANT MISHRA
Abstract: The world is facing declining liquid fuel reserves at a time when energy demand is exploding. As supply dwindles and costs rise, nations will be forced to utilize alternative energy sources. Coal, both non-renewable and environmentally destructive, is the most likely near-term candidate for replacing oil as a primary energy source. In order to achieve a secure and stable energy supply that does not cause environmental damage, renewable energy sources must be explored and promising technologies should be developed. Biodiesel derived from green algae biomass has the potential for high volume, cost effective production. It can be carbon neutral and produced intensively on relatively small areas of marginal land. The quality of the fuel product is comparable to petroleum diesel and can be incorporated with minimal change into the existing fuel infrastructure. Innovative techniques, including the use of industrial and domestic waste as fertilizer, could be applied to further increase biodiesel productivity. Keywords:Algal Biofuel, Greener Future, Renewable resources.
Abstract
A Comparative Study of Power Inverter Topology and Control Structures for Renewable Energy Recourses
Rakesh Kumar Kumawat, Seema Agrawal, Seemant Chourasiya, R.D.K.Palwalia
Abstract: Voltage boosting is very essential issue in renewable-energy fed applications. The classical two-stage power conversion process is typically used to interface the renewable energy sources to the grid. For better efficiency, singlestage inverters are recommended In this paper we make MATLAB-Simulink models of the three types of multilevel inverters: Cascaded type, Diode clamped and Capacitor clamped. A relative study of the carrier frequency modulation techniques is also presented on the basis of THD under various modulating indices. Graphs have been plotted based on these results. Keywords:Pulse width modulation converters, Multilevel Inverters, Total Harmonic Distortio.
Abstract
E-Vermi Synthesis: A new trend in Renewable Energy
Dr. Archana Pandey, Dr. S P Pandey
Abstract: Vermicompost (also called worm compost, vermicast, worm castings, worm humus or worm manure) is the base-product of the breakdown of natural material by earthworms. Vermicompost is a nutrient-rich, organic fertilizer, and soil conditioner. The process of making vermicompost is called vermicomposting. It contains not only worm castings, but also bedding materials and organic wastes at a mixture of stages of decomposition. It also contains worms at different stages of growth and other microorganisms associated with the process. Earthworms' castings in the home garden usually contain 5 to 10 times more additional nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium than the adjacent soil. Secretions in the intestinal tracts of the worms, along with soil passing through the worms, make the nutrients needed by plants more concentrated and available for plant uptake. Keywords: E-Vermi Synthesis, Renewable Energy, Vermicompost, Vermitechonology.
Abstract
ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
SIDDHARTH SHANKER CHOWDHURY, ANJALI DWIVEDI, ABHIMANYU KUMAR JHA
Abstract: Energy storage is the convenient and economical storage of energy from a non storable form (kinetic energy, electricity etc) to a storable form of energy. Energy storage is accomplished by using a specific device usually referred to as an accumulator. Storage of energy maintains the equilibrium of supply and demand of energy in the nature. Energy storage can be done for mechanical, electrical, biological as well as chemical and thermal form of energy. Energy storage can be long term as well as short term depending on the type mechanism opted for storing energy. Keywords: Energy Storage, Renewable Energy Resources, Grid System.
Abstract
Hybrid Energy Storage System
Surbhi Dixit, Atisha Gupta, Moh. Arbaz Uddin and Mr. Vijay Kumar
Abstract: This paper describes about the energy storage technology. As the most important problem of today's world is energy crisis, so deal with this problem here we have presented our paper on hybrid energy storage system. This system is basically designed to store energy and use it according to our requirement and provide energy management. An energy storage system consists of first stage energy storage device such as a secondary or rechargeable battery, and a second stage as an another energy storage device such as a capacitor, fuel cell. The second energy storage device provides intermittent energy bursts to satisfy the power requirement, for example, pulsed power communication devices. Such devices require power pulses in excess of those which conventional battery cells can easily provide for number of cycles. The system further includes circuitry for coupling the second energy storage device to a load in response to changes in the battery. Keywords: Hybrid Energy,Storage System, Batteries,Fuel Cells.
Abstract
Potential of Wind Energy in India: A review
Shubham Yadav, Shipra Singh, Vijay Kumar
Abstract: The Tremendous progress of wind technologies over the past decades has brought us to the point where the vision of a clean sustainable energy future is well within reach. Broader range of governments will have to begin to respond to the increasing imperative for the energy securing and price stability offered by wind energy. Under the advanced scenario , wind power could reach nearly 2000 GW by 2030 supply between 16.7- 18.8% of global electricity and help save own 3 billion tons of Carbon Di-oxide emission annually .As the energy revolution proceeds and the use of energy from the renewable sources increases, the number of decentralized energy generators connected to the electricity grid is rising. In this paper, efforts have made to summarize the availability, current status, promotion policies and future potential of different form of wind energy in India. Keywords: Wind Energy, Wind policy and Renewable policy in India.
Abstract
Free Energy Generator
Himank Pratap Singh, Harshit Upadhayay, Utkarsh Srivastava, Om Prakash Yadav
Abstract: In this paper we have discussed an approach to make our buildings more energy efficient through the usage of some energy efficiency tricks. The basic concept is to make a building efficient in terms of energy that has a great effect on environment. The building is supposed to have the most efficient ways to convert energy into one type or other and so there is minimal wastage of energy at an average of 20-25 %. Keywords: Life cycle assessment, structure design efficiency.
Abstract
GREEN BUILDING
Rohan Kalra, Aditya Singh Johal, Pranjali, Mukul Agarwal, Tanvi Shree
Abstract: This is a study on the various renewable energy technology options for a use of various green technologies in today era. Technology allows people to become more efficiently and to work more intelligently that were not possible before. The knowledge for conserving natural environment and resources , green technology is used. It is an alternative to improve the national economy without harming the environment. This paper explains the contribution of green technology in the sustainable development of agriculture sector as well as infrastructure for the country like India. Keywords: Green technology, Green buildings, Sustainable development, Bio fuel, Organic farming.
Abstract
GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
TUSHAR BHATNAGAR, SHIVA PANWAR, FAISAL IKRAM, MR. MANISH ZADOO
Abstract: In this paper most favorable energy allocation using RIEP for Uttara Kannada district is described .It is developed on DSS approach. Features of DSS used are flexible structure, integrated nature and iterative nature. RIEP is a computer-assisted accounting and simulation Tool developed to help in policy making. DSS for Uttara Kananda district energy planning focuses on renewable resources that could be used for allocation of energy resources. Keywords: DSS, Regional integrated energy plan.
Abstract
Regional Integrated Energy Plan
SHASHANK MATHUR, VISHAL UPADHYAYA, PRAKHAR KUMAR, SULEKHA SAXENA
Abstract: Waste to energy has experienced a tremendous growth due to the technological advancements and its scope as alternate source of energy. This study focuses on the technological and economical aspects of the WTE process. It also focuses on its environmental issues and policies. Despite the huge technological potential, large scale development and deployment of WTE technology still has to overcome a certain number of technical and financial barriers. Keywords: Waste to energy, WTE, alternate source , tecnological and economical aspects, environmental issues .
Abstract
ENERGY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
SHASHANK MATHUR, VISHAL UPADHYAYA, PRAKHAR KUMAR, SULEKHA SAXENA
No abstract available.
Abstract
A Review of Designing Aspects of SMES an Ideal Energy Storage for Renewable Energy
Meenakshi Chahar, Manoj Kumar
Abstract: This paper outlines a systematic procedure for the design of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System. The SMES covers many utility, industrial, and military applications. Both toroidal and solenoidal configurations were analyzed to determine physical dimensions, heat loads and cost of major components. Among the effects considered were the impact of critical current density on feasible configurations, mass of conductor, and cost; the effects of magnetic field and strain limits on physical parameters and structural mass; and the savings in refrigeration from operating at higher temperature. The design of the HTS, stability criteria, and coolant selection are also discussed. Keywords: Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), HTS, LTS, Solenoid, Toroidal, CCR.
Abstract
Producing Electricity through Gravitational Force
Mukul Agarwal, Alind, Danish Ansari, Tushina Bedwal
Abstract: In this paper we have devised an approach to convert gravitational pull of Earth (or any other planetary object) into a useful form of energy (mainly electricity). The main concept is based on drilling the Earth's surface at corner (not at center) and passing a rod through the hole causing a to and fro motion of the rod which could then be converted into some useful form of energy. This concept is not limited to Earth only we can implement this prototype in other astronomical bodies (like Moon, Venus) as well having some gravitational force of its own. Keywords: Astronomical Bodies, Kinetic Energy, Gravitational force, Potential Difference.
Abstract
Grid Integration of Renewable Energy: A Case Study
Swatantra Kumar, Sujata Katiyar, Kriti, Om Prakash Yadav
Abstract: India is considering renewable energy resources (RES) like solar and wind as alternative for future energy needs. As on March 31, 2012 the grid interactive power generation from RES is 24914 MW i.e. around 12.1 % of the total installed energy capacity. Further Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India is targeting to achieve 20000 MW grid interactive powers through solar and 38500 MW from wind by 2022. However there are various issues related to grid integration of RES keeping in the view of aforesaid trends it becomes necessary to investigate the possible solutions for these issues. This paper presents the some issues and challenges encountered during grid integration of different renewable and how to overcome them. Keywords: Grid Integration,Renewable Energy,RES.
Abstract
Biomass as Renewable Energy
Sharukh Khan, Vivek Paliwal, Vikrant Vikram Pandey, Vijay Kumar
Abstract: This paper discusses biomass as a renewable energy source. The paper defines the resources as well as the ways biomass energy is converted into electricity, technologies involved in extracting power from biomass as well as the advantages and the disadvantages of using of biomass as a source of energy. The paper also reviews a few biomass projects in the INDIA, STATES OF IT and some other parts of world and discusses the future of biomass. Keywords: BIOMASS Energy, biomass policy and Renewable policy in India.
Abstract
A Study on Dual Axis Solar Sun Seeker using Microcontroller
Ritikaa Wahal, Ubaida Bin Firoz, Anil Kumar Singh
Abstract: Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources on the earth which must be collected and should be utilized to its maximum efficiency. It is the major eco-friendly & pollution less method of producing the electricity today. In India most part receives 4 to 7 kWh of solar radiation per square meter per day and solar energy equivalent to more than 5000 trillion kWh per year which is far more than its total annual consumption. According to U.S. solar research centre. "If we convert the Total Solar energy reaches to earth in one time into electricity, then it will be more enough than whole power used by all the nations per year". Considering the maximum utilization of solar power we have tried to develop a dual axis model of a solar panel using a microcontroller that can provide maximum solar power output. Also, we compare the power output of solar sun seeker, for fixed solar sun seeker, single and dual axis sun seeker. Keywords: Solar cell, solar panel, solar tracker, photocell, microcontroller, sensor, stepper motor.
Abstract
Current and Future Aspects of Wind Energy in India
Shubham Kumar, Divyanshu Verma, Abhishek Saxena
Abstract: There is an urgent need for transition from existing fossil fuel based energy systems to one based on renewable resources to decrease reliance on depleting reserves of fossil fuels with the objective to assess whether India can sustain its growth and its society with renewable resources. The International Energy Agency predicts that by 2030, more than 28% of the world's energy consumption will be in India and China. India occupies the fifth place in the world in wind energy generation after USA, Germany, Spain, and China and has an installed capacity of more than 9756 MW as of January 31, 2009. In this study, an attempt has been made to analyse and review the development and dissemination of wind energy in India. Keywords: Wind energy, status, renewable energy, policies
Abstract
Wireless Power Transmission- A Novel Concept
Bharat Muni, Paritosh Sharma, Poonam Ghai, Debojyoti Sen
Abstract: In this paper we present the idea of wireless transmission of electricity. Though, in recent times through technological advancement, we have achieved a lot in the field of power generation, transmission and distribution but we also cannot deny of the fact that till now we suffer from a lot of losses that need to be minimized so that our resources that we utilize for the same reason can be put to a better use. The idea of wireless transmission couples two concepts; one is the generation of power though solar plants situated in space and then transmitting that energy through the atmosphere with the help of wireless transmission, receiving the same energy on our stations on earth. Keywords: TWT, MPM, ISM.
Abstract
Synchrophasor Technology: PMU Applications in Smart Grids
Vishal Upadhyaya, Shashank Mathur, Prakhar Kumar, Sulekha Saxena
Abstract: Synchrophasor technology was first introduced in 1980s. Since then, many electric utilities such as American Electric Power (AEP), Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), Southern California Edison (SCE), New York Power Authority (NYPA), as well as universities such as Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI), have been conducting R&D to explore and advance the application of synchrophasor technology. The R&D pace has accelerated recently, mainly due to active participation and leadership provided by US Department Of Energy (DOE) and North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC). These R&D efforts have shown that the synchrophasor technology has promise to greatly enhance the transmission planning, design & operations functions. This paper provides a brief description of synchrophasor technology and summarizes potential synchrophasor technology applications that can contribute towards the development of a smarter transmission grid. Keywords: PMU, GPS, WAMS
Abstract
Manufacturing Waste and Environment
Ajay Singh Parmar
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to show the impact of manufacturing wastes on the environment. Now-a-days manufacturing wastes are very harmful to the society. Here I have tried to put the frame of lean manufacturing by using two methods kaizen and 5S and tried to show how can we create a sustainable environment for the society. By the way many industries are applying lean manufacturing concepts but their continuous involvement is necessary. This paper fist has shown the different wastes identified in manufacturing industries. The how can be these wastes eliminated of prevented by using kaizen and 5S. Finally few observations and relation have been shown between wastes and environment. Keywords: Lean, Kaizen, 5S, Sustainability
Abstract
Modeling and Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based H2 Generator for Distribution Generation
Rajnish Ranjan, Pravesh Kumar, Ankit Gupta, Rupendra Pachauri, Yogesh K. Chauhan
Abstract: The main aim of this paper is development of renewable energy sources in distributed generation (DG) systems. A fuel cell (FC) is considered as a promising power generating sources for DG system. In this paper, a mathematical analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell is carried out for extensive MATLAB/Simulink modeling. For the transient analysis of SOFC distributed generation system, a AC/DC load is taken. A detailed study on solid oxide fuel cell modeling has been done. Furthermore, a novel research work is required to enhance the performance and its cost. The performance of designed system is investigated for predicting the fuel cell operating behaviour with more accurately and it is found satisfactory. Keywords: Fuel cell, Green energy, Renewable energy, Distribution generation, Solid oxide fuel cell
Abstract
Electrical Energy Storage
Rajat Jain,Pragati Srivastava, Shivangi Srivastava, Ms. Mubina Shekh
Abstract: Energy storage is a natural course of action but is an imperative topic to be researched upon so as to meet the energy requirements of the future and at critical stages. High amount of energy can be synthesized over a short period of time but the real challenge is to satisfy energy demand whenever needed. Energy storage implies transformation of difficult to store form of energy to a readily storable one. Assorting commercially, energy storage systems can be grouped into chemical, mechanical, thermal, electrical and biological. This paper focuses on technologies of storage of electricity Keywords: EES, PHS.
Abstract
Socio Economic Barriers Related to Solar Energy Use
Shivam Rathore, Sonal Agrawal, Sandeep Kumar, Sulekha Saxena
Abstract: Solar energy has experienced phenomenal growth in recent years due to both technological improvements resulting in cost reductions and government policies supportive of renewable energy development and utilization. This study analyzes the technical, economic and policy aspects of solar energy development and deployment. While the cost of solar energy has declined rapidly in the recent past, it still remains much higher than the cost of conventional energy technologies. Like other renewable energy technologies, solar energy benefits from fiscal and regulatory incentives and mandates, including tax credits and exemptions, feed-in-tariff, preferential interest rates, renewable portfolio standards and voluntary green power programs in many countries. Potential expansion of carbon credit markets also would provide additional incentives to solar energy deployment. Despite the huge technical potential, development and large-scale, market-driven deployment of solar energy technologies world-wide still has to overcome a number of technical and financial barriers. Unless these barriers are overcome, maintaining and increasing electricity supplies from solar energy will require continuation of potentially costly policy supports. Keywords: PV, NSM.
Abstract
Electricity Generation from Trash “Eliminating the Unwanted, While Creating the Needed”
Sunil Pandey, kanika Kalra, pooja Singh, Rajat Shukla
Abstract: A substantial increase in demand for the electricity has put forward the negative impact on the environment by using fossil fuels (Coal, Petroleum and Natural Gas).This paper elucidates transmitting the trash into electricity. As we know TRASH is prolific in India. We haven't been taking adequate advantage of them, we can burn coal in a clean way so as to improve the grid. The problem is that they are not optimally utilized. Keywords: Fossil Fuels, Trash, Grid, Trash.
Abstract
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR RURAL COLD STORAGE IN INDIA
SPARSH TRIPATHI, AYUSH MISHRA, SHARIQ KHAN, DEBOJYOTI SEN
Abstract: This is a study on the various renewable energy technology options for operating a cold storage efficiently and cost effectively. This helps the farmer community and India as a whole to reduce the post harvest losses particularly fruits and vegetables. Cold storage is a better option in storing the fresh produce immediately after the harvest season. Sometimes there might be the situation of glut and under-pricing of produce in the market which may lead to reduced returns to the farmer. At these times, they can store their produce in cold storages near their farms instead of selling at unremunerative prices. But the power supply is erratic in the rural India still making cold storages difficult to operate which require uninterrupted power supply Keywords: Cold storage, cooling generation cost, Techno-economic analysis, solar thermal, Biomass gasifier
Abstract
Energy Storage: A Review
Rajeev Kumar
Abstract: Energy supply is the task that provides a reliable energy service to consumers throughout the year . Efficient and economic energy storage, if implemented in the current power infrastructure on a large scale, could bring about some of the greatest changes in the power industry in decades. Additionally, energy storage would improve the reliability and dynamic stability of the power system by providing stable, abundant energy reserves that require little ramp time and are less susceptible to varying fuel prices or shortages. Energy storage can shift the higher peak load to off-peak hours in order to level the generation requirement, allowing generators to run more efficiently at a stable power level, potentially decreasing the average cost of electricity. Additionally, increased energy storage capacity can avoid generation capacity, decrease transmission congestion, and help enable distributed generation such as residential solar and wind systems. In this paper energy storage methods are discussed in such a way to provide a detailed overview of how each of the energy storage devices work so that the reader is able to get a better feel for the potential benefits and drawbacks of each device. Keywords: CHP, TES, CAES
Abstract
Simulation of Net Zero Energy Office Building in Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Arpan Sengar, Abhishek Singh, Shubham Khandelwal, Debojyoti Sen
Abstract: Energy simulation tools are increasingly used for analysis of energy performance of buildings and the thermal comfort of their occupants. Today, there are many building performance simulation programs with different user interfaces and different simulation engines that are capable of these analyses. Given the significant variety of such simulation tools, it is crucial to understand limitations of the tools and the complexity of such simulations. The reliability of data exchange and straightforward, user-friendly interfaces are major aspects of the practical usage of these tools. Due to the huge amount of data that is to be input and the availability of rich 3D geometry rendering engines, effective data exchange and software interfaces are crucial to enable faster and reliable performance of the simulation tools.. For our project we have chosen a office building of area 17000 sqft. The building was two stored and the energy consumed annually by the building is 314339 units. After applying the following various energy measures. The energy consumption decreases to 290830 units. Further the PV generation from the rooftop solar system in nearly 610,512 kWh/year. The energy consumption of the building is 314339 kWh. It means that it is a net positive energy office and if the office is made twice its area even then also it will be a net zero building. Keywords: ZEB, Equest
Abstract
Biomass energy – the alternate energy
Satya Pratap, Divya Sharma, Ankur Panday, Debojyoti Sen
Abstract: Biomass energy is the Indian future in energy. We can use the waste in very use-full manner. The biomass is used as primary source of energy since ancient times. Due to various problems like improper combustion, high price, insufficient technology and air pollution. The biomass energy hasn't gained much popularity. In this paper we have discussed about the technology and possibility that can be used for the biomass energy such as thermo-conversion technology, biomass cogeneration, and for fuels biomass oils, biomass briquetting ,etc. Keywords: MNES, ARC
Abstract
Design of Solar Power Inverter
GAURAV ARORA, NEHA AGGARWAL, DEBOJYOTI SEN, PRAJJWAL SINGH
Abstract: The high energy demand and the constant depletion of the fossil fuels lead us to shift our focus to renewable energy sources which are not only the future unlimited source of energy, it is also eco-friendly and viable for the environment. Solar energy is the oldest form of Renewable Energy. This paper focuses on the design of Solar Inverter which is required to run AC loads which is mostly used as consumable purpose. The power output of the designed inverter is 100W, input voltage is 12V ,Output is 220 V, 50Hz square wave output. Keywords: Fossil fuels, AC, DC
Abstract
Efficient Power System with Micro Grid and Smart Grid and its Environmental Impact
Md. Sohrab Ali, Ajad kumar, Ms Annu Govind
Abstract: Smart grid is regarded as the next generation power grid, which provides bi- directional flow electricity and information, with improving the power grid reliability, security, and efficiency of electrical system from generation to transmission and to distribution. This reviews on the current state of technology in physical protection and also focuses on the system reliability analysis and failure in protection mechanism and its connection with renewability and micro grid. Keywords: smart grid, physical protection, system reliability analysis, renewability mechanism and micro grid.
Abstract
Sources of Available Renewable Energy and Peak Load Demand in India: A Review
B N Pathak
Abstract: India has a vast supply of renewable energy resources, and it has one of the largest programs in the world for deploying renewable energy products and systems. This paper assesses different renewable energy sources, promotion policies adopted by government, and various sectors which influence the energy usage pattern in India. In developing country such as India, demand for power is increasing day by day; especially peak load demand management is becoming crucial. The problem is formulated for the optimum allocation of the various renewable energy options to meet the peak load demand at the regional level of India. Due to the geological profile, potential of various renewable energy sources such as, small hydel power, solar photovoltaic, wind power, co-generation and biomass energy is varying from region to region. The renewable resources are quite suitable to meet the peak load demand and in fact some of regions have the potential, which can be transferred to the other regions utilizing the existing transmission line network. We look at the current status of renewable markets in India, the energy needs of the country, forecasts of consumption and production, and we assess whether India can power its growth and its society with renewable resources. This report gives an overview of the renewable energies market in India. Keywords: Renewable Energy sources, demand, optimization and Energy Consumption
Abstract
Electro-Kinetic Road Ramp
Swarnika Jaiswal, Avni Pundir, Sulekha Saxena, Ravi Gupta
Abstract: Alternative energy, kinetic energy, ramp model, electricity In this paper electro-kinetic road ramp is implemented as renewable energy source. For meeting up the regular demand of energy we need to design a system that will produce electricity without destroying the nature.In this paper we will come to know how man is utilizing kinetic energy to produce electricity.Electro-kinetic road ramp is the method of generating electricity by harnessing the kinetic energy of automobiles that drive over ramp.It is also used to generate power.Input is almost free.So we can call it generating electricity for free. We know that fossils fuels are polluting the environment. So our main focus is towards renewable energy sources which are, non polluting. So this technique is used to produce electricity which can be used in traffic lights and powering streets. Keywords: : ramp, PLC
Abstract
Wireless Power using Magnetic Conductor
Ankur Agarwal, Luvkush Gupta, Debojyoti Sen
Abstract: In this paper, a wireless power transfer system (WPT) with magnetically coupled resonators is studied. The idea is to enhance the coupling coefficient and the transfer efficiency. Perfect magnetic conductor was used in numerical calculations in order to study the performance of a reflector. In the WPT system we studied, efficiency is increased from 48% without reflector to 72% with PMC reflector. With recently developed met material technologies, artificial PMCs can be designed and fabricated for such reflectors. Keywords: Wireless power transmission (WPT), Perfect magnetic conductor (PMC), perfect electric Conductor (PEC), microwave power transmission (MPT).
Abstract
ECO-FRIENDLY ALTERNATIVE OF ENERGY HARVESTING- PIEZOELECTRICITY
Ashok Narayan Tripathi, Himanshu Mishra, Ankit Mishra
Abstract: In the present scenario electricity has become an integral part of humans' life. Modern technology for its various operations uses electrical power in huge amount in contrast to this lot of energy resources been already exhausted and wasted. Production of electricity is the only source of pollution worldwide. With the growing population the gap is created between demand and supply of electricity. There comes the need of an alternate source of power generation which is eco-friendly and uses the ever increasing human population for its power generation without any adverse effect on environment. This technique works on the principle of piezoelectric effect. Countries like India where temples, railway stations, airports, etc. are always overcrowded, waste energy of foot power can be utilized and is very much relevant. This power source comes with wide range of applications as in home appliances, street lightning, and agriculture and will prove to be very efficient in remote locations. Keywords: Energy Harvesting, Piezoelectricity, Piezoelectric Materials, Mechanical Strain, Electrical Potential
Abstract
DRAWBACKS OF Li IONS BATTERIES FOR ENVIRONMENT
Dharmendra Pal, Shahanshah Haider Abdi
Abstract: Air travelers ask the question, "How much lithium in a battery am I allowed to bring on board?" We differentiate between two battery types: Lithium metal and lithium-ion. Most lithium metal batteries are non-rechargeable and are used in film cameras. Lithium-ion packs are rechargeable and power laptops, cellular phones and camcorders. Both battery types, including spare packs, are allowed as carry-on but cannot exceed the following lithium content: 2 grams for lithium metal or lithium alloy batteries - 8 grams for lithium-ion batteries Lithium-ion batteries exceeding 8 grams but no more than 25 grams may be carried in carry-on baggage if individually protected to prevent short circuits and are limited to two spare batteries per person. Keywords: drawbacks, Li Ions batteries, environment
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TO FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY : A REVIEW
Shilpa saxena, Anurag verma
Abstract: As we know that the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell. Full cells are now on the verge of being introduced commercially, revolutionizing the way we presently produce power. Fuel cells can use hydrogen as a fuel, offering the prospect of supplying the world with clean, sustainable electrical power. This paper discusses the history of fuel cells, fuel cells for NASA, alkaline fuel cells for terrestrial applications and PEM fuel cells. Fuel cell applications in transportation, distributed power generation, residential and portable power are discussed. The science of the PEM fuel cell and the direct methanol fuel cell are discussed. Benefits of fuel cells and obstacles to their widespread introduction are briefly outlined. Keywords: Fuel cell, energy conversion, efficiency.
Abstract
GEOTHERMAL-A EXPOSURE TO THE RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Shilpi jain, Sachin kumar, Reena Chaudhary, Debojyoti Sen
Abstract: Geothermal electricity production is most widely used in US. Most of the production of electricity first began in 1960. Energy produced by 50 plants from geothermal resources. Geothermal energy is produced in 4 steps.It is the efficient way to produce energy, from the Earth's interior and it cleanest from all other sources. This is cost efficient, reduce dependency on fossil fuels and pollution free resources of power. This review paper covers about the all over production of electricity, 8,000 MW of electricity is produced through his source to 21 countries, latest research and the issued faced is also discussed in this report, while main focus is on production of electricity in US. Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Renewable Energy, Energy Sources
Abstract
Introduction to Magnetic Levitation: A Review
Dr.Rishi Asthana, Sudhir Kumar Singh, Vishal Kumar Mishra, Uddeshya kumar
Abstract: Maglev has became the fastest growing technology in the field of railways infrastructure. The technical specifications of such technology are dominating on the available technical infrastructure of the existing railways. Maglev trains which are based on the principle of maglev have been compared with high speed transportations such as air transport. The main aim of this system is to deliver an efficient solution for the contemporary transportation problem that prevails in the world. Keywords: Magnetic Levitation, Maglev, EI (Energy Intensity).
Abstract
DESIGN OF WIND ENERGY TURBINE BLADES: A review
Mubina Shekh, Mohd. Salman
Abstract: A review of the current status for wind turbine blade design is presented, including efficiency, propulsion, blade design, and load on blades. The aerodynamic design principles for a modern wind turbine blade are in detailed; it includes blade plan shape/quantity, aerofoil selection and optimal attack angles. This paper investigates the multidisciplinary nature of wind turbine design as it applies to turbine blades. The goal is to reduce the end unit cost of electricity, amortized over the turbine lifetime, for a particular location. In this paper, a developed methodology is used to predict the optimal performance of the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) in terms of the most critical parameters such as tip speed ratio, pitch angle, blade number and wind speed. Interesting generalized performance maps were conducted. Results show that low pitch is recommended for low wind speed regime. Keywords: wind turbine; blade design; blade angle; HAWT, VAWT, aerodynamic, Efficiency.
Abstract
A Survey on Maximization the Lifetime of Wireless sensor network by minimizing Energy hole problem
Zaheeruddin, D.K. Lobiyal, Aruna Pathak
Abstract: In wireless sensor network (WSN), there is a problem of energy hole, which means nodes near the sink region will die sooner because these nodes send their own data to sink as well as forward data for other nodes. After energy hole comes, data cannot be transmitted to sink even though energy is still remained in outer region nodes which affects the lifetime of the networks. In this paper I briefly present the survey to overcome the problem of energy hole so that the lifetime of wireless sensor network will be improved. Keywords: Wireless Sensor, lifetime, energy, Hole Problem
Abstract
Energy Audit – An Analytical Approach
Dr. Barun Kumar Roy
Abstract: "The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using system and procedure so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total cost of producing the output from these systems". Energy audit is the key to a systematic approach for decision making in the area of energy management. It attempts to balance the total energy input with its use, and serves to identify all the energy streams in a facility. It qualifies energy usage according to its discrete functions. Energy audit is the key to a systematic approach for decision making in the area of energy management. It attempts to balance the total energy input with its use, and serves to identify all the energy streams in a facility. It qualifies energy usage according to its discrete functions. Keywords: Energy, Energy audit, systematic approach, discrete functions.
Abstract
Service Mechanism for Reusability Framework for Software and it’s Challenges: Literature review
Mr. Afsaruddin, Mr. Faiyaz Ahamad
Abstract: Software reuse is the use of existing software or software components to build new software and reuse ideas with the ability to combine independent software components to form a larger unit of software. The key idea in software reuse is domain engineering. Most software systems are not new but they are the variations of the already built software systems. Software reuse improves the quality and productivity of the software production process. This paper briefly summarizes the current research status in the field of software reuse and major research contributions. Some future directions for research in software reuse are also discussed. Keywords: Software reuse, Domain engineering, Software components.
Abstract
AND UTILISATION OF WASTE WATER TO PRODUCE ELECTRIC ENERGY
Prakhar Agarwal,Apoorv Srivastava,Akshat Garg,Sulekha Saxena
Abstract: Increase in human activities is consuming the natural energy sources which lead to depletion in fossil fuels. Even the sources of fresh water are decreasing at alarming rate. So, we must focus on 3R's-reduce, reuse, recycle. Industrial waste water which can be treated through pollutant free machine (which makes this water toxic free and suitable for reuse to produce electric energy before disposing into environment). This can be made possible by using Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which converts organic matter into electricity with the help of bacteria present in water. By using pollutant free machine, we can make water suitable for processing, which is adding nitrogen and carbon in suitable amount, which is consumed in 72 hours with 62% voltaic efficiency. The MFCs enriched with iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) produce the most power which is approximately 1.2W/m2 and that can be increased by having it for huge amount of waste water, easily available in industry. Keywords: COD, MFCs, ZERO POLLUTANT,CRSW.
Abstract
Solar Roadways-The future of roadways
Ayushi Mehta, Neha Aggrawal, Anjali Tiwari
Abstract: Smart highway and smart road are terms for a number of different proposals to incorporate technologies into roads for generating solar energy, for improving the operation of autonomous cars, for lighting, and for monitoring the condition of the road. Solar roadways use solar panels, photovoltaic effect, LEDS and microprocessor chips with circuitry boards .The future of the roadways will consist of solar roadways taking energy efficiency and artificial intelligence into consideration. Keywords: smart road, future road, energy, solar
Abstract
Green Building Design: Approach towards Sustainable Energy Utility
Agrima dutt sharma, Archisha tripathi, Prof. Varun singhal
Abstract: As the world journeys towards a global climate change architecture and to finalize sustainable development goals that will replace the millennium development goals from 2015 onwards, financing becomes the critical pillar to move towards these global goal posts. We are racing ahead to set its own vision and domestic ambitions, scaling up its clean energy targets ,planning smart cities, setting strong efficiency measures. Keywords: green construction, sustainable energy performance, resource efficient
Abstract
The challenges of protection for Microgrid
SUCHETA CHATTERJEE, MAYANK AGARWAL, DEBOJYOTI SEN
Abstract: Since the late 1970s, intensive efforts have been made to utilise renewable energy sources, such as wind, hydro, solar and tidal. However, the application of individual distributed generators can cause as many problems as it may solve. A better way to realise the emerging potential of distributed generation is to take a system approach that views generation and associated loads as a subsystem or a microgrid. Microgrids are, in fact, modern, small-scale versions of the centralised electricity system. They use distributed energy, which shortens the distance between power source and load, reducing transmission loss. They use renewable energy sources, greatly decreasing carbon emissions. They use energy storage, increasing power supply reliability. They are controlled by power electronic devices, so power sources can vary supply according to demand. Plug-and-play power sources and loads make for a more user-friendly grid. And thanks to real-time monitoring and control technology, every disturbance on a microgrid can be detected and adjusted. In fact, generation and loads can be isolated, keeping a high level of service without harming the grid's integrity. Keywords: microgrid, protection
Abstract
CONCEPT OF SMART SOLAR STREET LIGHT
ANSHUL TIWARI, CHETAN VARSHNEY, ANKIT SHUKLA
Abstract: The high energy demand and the constant depletion of the fossil fuels lead us to shift our focus to renewable energy sources which are not only the future unlimited source of energy, it is also eco-friendly and viable for the environment. The solar street light is a innovation taken for the sustainable growth. though many policies have been implemented but the failures issues was not been resolved. This paper focuses on the failure reason and try to project a new methodology for the smart solar street light. Keywords: Solar, Street light, Smart light
Abstract
Voltage Regulation of a Stand Alone 3-Ø Self-Excited Induction Generator Using AC/DC/AC Converter Fed RLC Series Circuit
Chetan Jain, A. K. Sharma, Dheeraj Panchauli
Abstract: This paper presents the voltage regulation of a stand-alone 3-Ø self-excited induction generator (SEIG) using AC/DC/AC converter fed series RLC circuit. The effects of change in inverter frequency on the terminal voltage of the SEIG and the current, drawn by the rectifier circuit have been analyzed. The frequency variation in series RLC circuit obtained by inverter produces the phenomenon of an inductive, capacitive reactance and resistive effect at the point of common coupling (PCC) of the generator terminal. This is equivalent to injecting leading/lagging reactive power into SEIG. Further the performance study of SEIG has been carried out. The proposed system has been simulated using power system tool box in Matlab/Simulink software. Keywords: Self-excited induction generator, AC/DC/AC converter, PWM inverter, RLC series circuit, voltage regulation.
Abstract
Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management through Vermitechnology: Impact of Vermicompost on Sweet flag (Acorus calamus) plants and Sodic Degraded Land.
Pramod Kumar Singh, Neetu Pandey, Monika Gupta, Alok Kumar
Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted on sweet flag (Acorus calamus) grown in different levels of vermicompost (VC) and sodic soils (Soil pH 10.12 and Exchangeable sodium percentage 54) i.e., T1=100% sodic soil (control), T2=75% sodic soil + 25% VC, T3=50% sodic soil+50% VC, T4=25% sodic soil+75% VC, T5=100% VC in complete randomized design (CRD). Results indicate that vegetative growth (i.e., plant growth, number of leaves and number of tillers per plant) were significantly increased on increasing the doses of vermicompost up to T4. While in T5 it decreases than T3 and T4. The maximum rhizomes and biomass yield were observed at T4 level. The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll 'a', chlorophyll 'b' total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents) were also significantly increases on increasing the vermicompost dose in sodic soil while carotenoid chlorophyll ratio was decreased up to T4. The anti-oxidative enzymes like catalase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were also significantly increases on increasing the dose of vermicompost. Quality of rhizome and leaves were also improved through increasing reducing sugars, total carbohydrates and protein levels. Soil properties were also improved by reducing soil pH and ESP and increasing organic carbon and nutrient status in soils. Thus, through vermitechnology MSW and sodic degraded land were managed sustainably. Keywords: Earthworm, vermicompost, sodic soil, sustainable management, metabolism
Abstract
Enhancement of Efficiency of a Photovoltaic Panel by Voltage Regulation using PI- Control Algorithm
Sachin Tyagi, Mayank Agarwal, Ravi Kumar Sahu
Abstract: The growing demand for the renewable energy resources, especially the solar energy, has drawn the interest of the researchers. The need for extraction of maximum energy has called for innovation of newer techniques so that the PV panel can be efficiently operated at its peak power under partial shading and dynamic atmospheric conditions. In this paper, we have discussed the regulation of the output voltage of the PV array. We have observed the characteristics of the PV Panel under different temperatures and solar irradiations. Maximum power point tracking algorithm has been employed to operate the panel voltage at its MPP. Firstly, the panel peak voltage is obtained directly by varying the duty cycle of the converter. The direct duty Ratio control technique causes stress on the switch of the DC-DC converter besides loss of a significant amount of power. Therefore a PI controller has been implemented to regulate the panel voltage. A study using both DC-DC buck converter as an interface between the PV Panel and the load has been presented. The PI controller prevents oscillation around the MPP apart from improving the steady state response and the settling time. A detailed analysis of the modeling of the PV array and DC-DC converters has been produced which helps in designing an efficient PI controller. Keywords: voltage regulaion, PI Control algorithm, Photovoltaic Panel
Abstract
Carbon Nanotubes In Photovoltaics
Poonam Ghai, Avi Kesarwani, Shyamank Kansal
Abstract: This paper proposes three criteria for an energy efficient building: 1) the building must be equipped with efficient equipment and materials appropriate for the location and conditions; 2) the building must provide amenities and services appropriate to the building's intended use; and 3) The building must be operated in such a manner as to have a low energy use compared to other, similar buildings. Later on in the paper we have discussed about the elements of energy efficiency and its usefulness. The concept of ZEB (Zero Energy Building) has also been introduced and its application in India. The later part of paper specifies the World's Energy Efficient Superpower 2015 is US, which has come up with flying colors in the field of energy efficiency. Keywords: ZEB (Zero Energy Building),World's Energy Efficient Superpower.
Abstract
ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS
Swati Singh, Mohit Gupta
Abstract: Coal is the main fuel used for power generation in India and its consumption is increasing so as to meet the energy requirements of the world. Specific pollutants that are released from burning of coal are sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) and particulate matter. These emissions not only have the adverse effects on global warming but also have negative health consequences. This paper presents an overview of coal-fired power generation and its emission impacts on the environment. It also considers the other methods of power generation like hydroelectric power plants, gas based power plants and nuclear power plants and their respective GHG emissions. The paper aims in highlighting the emission reduction methods that may be adopted to constrain the global warming to tolerable levels and the technologies potentially available to help in achieving the emission reductions with a special emphasis on renewable energy sources. Keywords: Global warming, GHG emissions, power plants, fossil fuels, renewable energy sources
Abstract
Power Plants: from the perspective of Global Warming
Monica Mehrotra, Anupam Mehrotra
Abstract: Wind - an energy source that is available almost everywhere. The force of the wind, harnessed using wind turbine system is admirably suited for power generation. Maximum availability of the wind turbine system is secured through the perfect interaction between the various products and systems. The cost of crude oil is continuously increasing hence the need to find alternative energy sources. One source is harnessing the power of wind which does not harmful for environment. Usually, wind turbines are fixed to the ground and can only reach up to height of125 meters. There are also issues with the consistency of the wind speeds and direction at these heights. Wind turbines installed at these heights do not produce as much power as they could due to the inconsistency of the winds. The goal of this review paper is to enlighten the way to elevate the turbines up to heights of 300 meters and above using a lighter than air structure. At this altitude, the wind speeds are more constant and the direction of the wind does not vary. These two factors can significantly improve the turbines operating efficiency and hence can increase maximum potential. Many steps were involved to reach these goals. To start off, a preliminary design of the structure including the support beams, tether and turbines was created. The summation of the forces from weight and drag associated with the structure were found. These numbers were needed to determine the volume of helium required to overcome the total weight. With the drag forces calculated, the strength of the tether combined with the angle formed between the tether and ground were determined. The turbines are aligned facing backwards so they do not interfere with the tethering system. Wings were added to provide additional lift to reduce the amount of helium needed. Keywords: Wind turbine, Airship, Drag force, Area of tether, Commercial production
Abstract
AERIAL WIND TURBINE
Kartikey Dwivedi, Abhishek Saxena
No abstract available.
Abstract
MAGNETO HYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION
POOJA GOEL, AKANKSHA SHUKLA
Abstract: Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) power generation process is basically based on the physics background of space plasma. The basic principle is the Faradays Law of electromagnetic induction. In this device plasma (Ionized gas) is the working fluid similar to the mechanism that happening in the magnetosphere of our earth's atmosphere. Except here the process is controlled and we increase the fluid density and pressure to get maximum efficiency in the generating power. Most problems come from the low conductivity feature in the gas at high temperature. High temperature gaseous conductor at high velocity is passed through a powerful magnetic field and a current is generated and extracted by placing electrodes at suitable position in the gas stream, and hence the thermal energy of gas is directly converted in to electrical energy. In this paper the process involved in MHD power generation will be discussed in detail along with the simplified analysis of MDH system and recent developments in magneto hydrodynamics and their related issues. Keywords: Electromagnetic induction, Hall Effect, Magneto hydrodynamics, MHD generator, Plasma
Abstract
POWER GENERATION USING PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL
Ratnesh Srivastava, Navneet Tiwari, Abhishek Kumar, Debojyoti Sen
Abstract: In last few years low power electronic devices have been increased rapidly. The devices are used in a large number to comfort our daily lives. With the increase in energy consumption of these portable electronic devices, the concept of harvesting alternative renewable energy in human surroundings arises a new interest among us. In this project we try to develop a piezoelectric generator. That can produce energy from vibration and pressure available on some other term(Like people walking ). This project describes the use of piezoelectric materials in order to harvest energy from people walking vibration for generating and accumulating the energy. This concept is also applicable to some large vibration sources which can find from nature. This project also represents a footstep of piezoelectric energy harvesting model which is cost effective and easy to implement. Keywords: Piezoelectric Sensor, Full-wave bridge rectifier, , Lead Acid Battery, Load (LED and USB Charger)
Abstract
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES NEED OF THE HOUR
Indraneel Bhattacherjee, Prerit Rajput, Prince Kumar and Sameer Anand
Abstract: This paper aims to analyse the performances of both the dc boost VSl and the Z-source inverter. The algorithm to control linearly the capacitor voltage is suggested in order to improve the transient response for dc boost control of the Z-source inverter. The peak ac output voltage is used to control exactly the ac output voltage to its desired level. Keywords: Z-source inverter, The dc boost VSl
Abstract
Comparative analysis of dc boost voltage source inverter and z-source inverter
MOHIT TYAGI, ATUL KUSHWAHA, ALOK TYAGI
Abstract: This paper aims to analyse the performances of both the dc boost VSl and the Z-source inverter. The algorithm to control linearly the capacitor voltage is suggested in order to improve the transient response for dc boost control of the Z-source inverter. The peak ac output voltage is used to control exactly the ac output voltage to its desired level. Keywords: Z-source inverter, The dc boost VSl
Abstract
DESIGN PARAMETERS OF 10KW FLOATING SOLAR POWER PLANT
PARITOSH SHARMA, BHARAT MUNI, DEBOJYOTI SEN
Abstract: The high energy demand and the constant depletion of the fossil fuels lead us to shift our focus to renewable energy sources which are not only the future unlimited source of energy, it is also eco-friendly and viable for the environment. Hydro and Wind though are renewable sources but are area specific. Solar energy on the other hand can be installed in any place. The major issue with the solar energy is the requirement of land which is scarcely available in the world and even costly to get. But floating solar plants can be installed in any water bodies which will not only reduce the cost of the land but will increase the amount of generation with the cooling effect of water. This paper concentrates upon the design parameters of the floating platform but will also focus upon the effect of panel shade on the ecosystem. Keywords: Floating Solar, Design parameters, Floating Platform, ecosystem, renewable
Abstract
STABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF SINGLE MACHINE INFINITE BUS SYSTEM USING SOLAR PV CELL
Gyanesh Singh
Abstract: The aim of this work is to study the dynamic performance and stability enhancement of Single Machine Infinite Bus System (SMIB) using solar pv cell. HPFC is an advanced FACTS controller which can be installed in a transmission line between the two electrical areas. The main advantage using HPFC is that it can be used to replace or supplement existing equipments. In the present thesis the Phillips-Heffron Model of SMIB Systems are presented. A proposed model of HPFC is presented and incorporated with SMIB models for analysis of the enhancement of stability. All these models are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results show that the designed controller has an excellent capability in damping power system oscillations if HPFC parameters are selected carefully. The results when compared to that of existing FACTS controllers show that HPFC gives better performance. The significance of the results are better stability and constant power supply. Keywords: Model of SMIB Systems, FACTS controllers, Model of HPFC, MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation
Abstract
Advanced HVDC Systems for Renewable Energy
Swati Srivastava, Abhay Pratap Singh, Nav Bhushan Singh.
Abstract: The problem of stability has been a great concern. There are voltage stability problems and power stability problem which are of concern in the power system. The transient stability is a severe stability problem and is the major disturbance in synchronous alternator which can be reduced in many ways. This disturbance may cause severe problems. By using proper control strategies it is made sure that the synchronous alternator's rotor angle returns to a stable value after a sudden disturbance. In this project, HVDC links have been used in the IEEE 14 bus system and the difference of the voltage stability is seen in the system with and without HVDC links. Different control strategies have been implemented to solve the problem of transient stability. The project is designed with the help of ETAP software where IEEE 14 bus system is built, load flow and transient analysis is done by applying the fault on bus 5 and bus 10. Then HVDC links are connected between bus 1 and bus 5, bus 9 and bus10. A fault is done on bus 5 and bus 10 and transient analysis have been done for both the faults. The results are obtained, compared and discussed in detail, which makes it clear whether transients are improved or not. Keywords: Transient Analysis, HVDC link, Design, ETAP, Improvement, AC system
Abstract
Performance Enhancement of Gas Plants by PSO Optimized Temperature Controller
Feroz Khan and Rajnikant Tiwari
Abstract: In most of the industrial plant processes heat exchangers are very significant part of production quality. There is a very large range of temperature and pressure values for maintaining the desired plant response. Control of the temperature of various fluids at a desired value against all kinds of deviations is required to achieve desired performance of the plant. In this paper we have investigated different types of control techniques that are used presently to eliminate the various drawbacks of conventional control techniques. We have compared latest control techniques like PSO tuning based PID controllers and fuzzy logic controllers with the conventional advanced 2DOF PID controllers tuned by popular conventional tuning techniques. We have developed simulink models using 3,7 and 9 MF fuzzy rules and PSO tuned PID controller values and finally demonstrated our results in terms of improvement in peak overshoot and settling time of the plant by a comparative analysis of results of these system responses. Keywords: Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Gas Process Plant, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), PID Controller, Z-N method.
Abstract
Potential of Solar Energy in India: A Review
Harendra Kumar Yadav, Vijay Kumar and Vinay Kumar Yadav
Abstract: After the oil crisis in 1973, the world have to think about the alternative resource of energy apart from conventional energy resources (coal, gas and petroleum etc.). Solar energy is the most important alternative resource of the world and has a large potential of green energy. India has a huge potential for generating green electricity from the renewable energy sources. To promote the green energy, government of India launching many schemes for the renewable energy resources. Jawahar lal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) is one of them launched on 11th January 2010, under National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC-2008). In this paper, efforts have made to summarize the availability, current status, promotion policies and future potential of different form of solar energy in India. Keywords: Solar Energy, Solar policy and Renewable policy in India.
Abstract
Current Stature and Future Outlook of Hybrid Renewable Energy System
Chandraprabha, Namrata Singh, Shalini Thakur and Rituraj Karan
Abstract: Non renewable energy sources are the potential creators of global warming phenomenon, ozone layer depletion and emission of greenhouse gases thus creating doorway for renewable energy sources. But these renewable energy sources when considered alone do not prove to be efficient and hence in order to overcome the drawbacks of these systems hybrid power generating system with advancement in technology is being considered. This paper focuses on the use of fluidized bed and electrostatic precipitator in biomass energy system, singlet fission to generate solar power and sound isolating material in wind turbines and combining them altogether to generate power which is both efficient, reliable and environment friendly. Simulation and optimizing software are used for unit sizing and storage is done using battery which again is efficient and cost effective. Keywords: Singlet fission, fluidized bed, electrostatic precipitator, simulation and optimizing software.
Abstract
SOLAR DC MICROGRID FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION-A CASE STUDY
DEBOJYOTI SEN, VARUN SINGHAL, VIJAY KUMAR
Abstract: Currently around 1.5 billion people worldwide live without access to electricity, and without a concerted effort, this number is not likely to drop. Grid extension is often very costly and not feasible in isolated areas. In such situations, electricity mini-grids can power household use and local businesses. The expansion of rural electrification is occurring mainly under the RGGVY (Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidhyutikaran Yojona ) scheme in India. As among all the renewable sources solar is the most explored one, DC micro grid has become one of the most popular and proposed option for rural electrification. Various policies and delivery models are being implemented on DC micro grid. But Is Dc Micro grid really a viable option for rural electrification? This paper focuses on the various socio-economic and even the technical aspect of DC micro Grid to check its viability and the study is aided by survey reports on the same on various rural villages of India. The paper also tried to integrate the schemes that is introduced for rural electrification with DC micro grid and try to analyze whether DC micro Grid is a sustainable option of rural electrification. Keywords: Micro Grid, viability, AC vs DC, sustainability
Abstract
Performance Analysis of Standalone Hybrid PV-SOFC- BATTERY Generation System
Seema Agarwal, Seemant Chourasiya, Rakesh Kumar Kumawat, Dr.D.K.Palwalia
Abstract: Due to the increasing future energy demands and global warming, the renewable alternative energy sources and the efficient power systems have been getting importance over the last few decades. Renewable energy sources are newer alternatives in electric power generation. The main challenge in replacing legacy systems with the newer alternatives is to capture maximum energy and deliver maximum power at minimum cost for the given load such as induction motor. Solar energy which is free and abundant in most parts of the world has proven to be an economical source of energy in many applications. Among the renewable energy technologies, the solar energy coupling with fuel cell technology will be the promising possibilities for the future green energy solutions. The new efficient photovoltaic array (PVA) has emerged as an alternative measure of renewable green power, energy conservation and demand-side management. However in photovoltaic power generation system the control problems arise due to large variances of output under different insulation. This problem can be overcome by hybrid photovoltaic generation system i.e. use of photovoltaic arrays with fuel cells and power storage such as battery bank. In this work performance analysis of standalone hybrid PV-SOFC-Battery generation system is done. Keywords: MPPT, PV System, Induction Motor, Delta transformer.
Abstract
Design and Simulation of Small Power Stand Alone Solar Photovoltaic Energy System for Residential unit
Shikha Yadav, Rituraj Jalan
Abstract: The aim of this study is to design a solar off-grid PV system to supply the required electricity for a residential unit. The solar PV system is simulated with the case of maximum solar radiation on a sunny day. The results show that the average daily load requirement of the selected residential unit is 36 kWh/day. This load requirement can be met by using an array of 44 solar panels. During the day time, the PV system supplies the desired 12.4 kWh of energy. During the night time, a battery storage system of 23.6 kWh (48V, 350 Ah) is used to meet the night load. Keywords: Solar PV panel, stand alone system (Off-Grid), MPPT Controller, Isolated Places .
Abstract
Self excited induction generator: A review
R. K. Kumawat, Seemant Chourasiya, Seema Agrawal, Dr. D.K.Paliwalia
Abstract: The increasing use of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, bio gas energy, solar energy and hydro potential have become to adopt a low cost generating system, which are capable of operating in the remote areas, and in conjugation with the variety of prime movers. With wind turbine and micro/mini hydro generators as an alternative energy source, the induction generators are being considered as an alternative choice to well developed synchronous generator because of their simplicity, ruggedness, little maintenance, price , brushless (in squirrel cage construction), absence of separate dc source, self-protection against severe overloads and short circuits. In isolated systems, squirrel cage induction generators with capacitor excitation, known as self-excited induction generators (SEIGs), are very popular. This paper presents an exhaustive survey of literature of research on self excited induction generator (SEIG) over the past 30 years discussing the classification of induction generator, steady state and transient analysis, voltage control aspects and parallel operation of SEIG. Keywords: Self excited induction generator, self excitation & voltage buildup, steady state analysis, transient analysis, parallel operation of SEIG.
Abstract
Potential for energy conservation in Mud Wall building
Subhash Mishra, Prof.(Dr.)J.A.Usmani
Abstract: Energy conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption. Energy conservation can be achieved through using efficient energy sources, in conjunction with decreased energy consumption or reduced consumption from conventional energy sources. A considerable energy saving can be achieved by using proper thickness of insulation in building walls. This paper briefly discussed mud wall as a better option of energy conservation over conventional brick wall construction buildings. After calculating the Energy saving value for a representative room of size 5 m x 4 m x 3.5 m, it is found that there is potential of energy conservation up to 520 kWh/Year by using mud wall instead of conventional brick wall. Keywords: Energy conservation, mud wall, optimum insulation, conductive heat transfer.
Abstract
Gesture Controlled Wheel-Chair: A Review
Sandeep, Supriya
Abstract: Robots of the future should communicate with human in natural way. Hence, we are especially interested in hand motion based gesture interface. The purpose of this study was to present the reliable means of human-computer interfacing based on hand gestures made in three dimensions. In this paper we present a hand gesture recognition system which is of general use and can be used for different applications. The system is based on a MEMS accelerometer and it is able to recognize several gestures. The system can be divided in two parts: a gesture recognition module with MEMS sensor and a wheel-Chair controlled by the microcontroller. Keywords: hand gesture recognition, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), gesture control, and wheel-chair.
Abstract
Policy brief on Off Grid Energy Access Systems
VIJAY KUMAR, VARUN SINGHAL, DEBOJYOTI SEN
Abstract: Access to energy services is essential to fulfill the basic necessities of life, along with economic growth and human development. The statistics on access to electricity in India stand at 66.3%, leaving one third of the population, or 403.7 million people without electricity. This is less than the global average of about 73%. Access to electricity provides direct and indirect social and economic benefits to the communities, which can be met through off grid or decentralized energy access systems which reach out to those areas where grid electricity is inaccessible or has not yet arrived. These off grid systems use renewable or hybrid energy sources which emit less or no emissions. In today's world where emissions are a major cause for global warming, renewable energy sources must be explored to their full potential in India, where solar and wind energy hold great potential. Unfortunately, due to lack of systems in place to promote the off grid energy sector, it is delimited with regulatory, financial, institutional and technical issues which need urgent hearing. We have made an attempt to look into these issues and their solutions through extensive research and discussions with other concerned stakeholders. Keywords: Policy Brief; Micro grids; Off grid energy access
Abstract
Status of Wind Energy in Bhopal Airport India
VIJAY KUMAR, VARUN SINGHAL, DEBOJYOTI SEN
Abstract: The continuous decreasing of fossil fuel sources like coal, petroleum as well as its adverse impact on the environment shifts our paradigm towards renewable energy sources like solar, wind and geothermal to fulfill the ever increasing energy demand. The future development of any country will depend on its capability of using eco-friendly energy to reduce the carbon footprint worldwide. Although the main source of energy are coal and petroleum for India but recently India has become a major player in wind energy production due to the presence of large coastal area and constant government support in terms of subsidy. Energy demand in India will become three times more in 2030 than the present scenario. This paper gives a brief idea about the wind power near the Bhopal Airport in Madhya Pradesh. Keywords: Energy Deficiency, Environmental Pollution, offshore wind power, wind energy, status of wind energy
Abstract
A Study on the Importance of Balance Control Strategies in Cascaded Multilevel STATCOM
Shruti Rastogi, Manish Kumar Singh, Vipul Kapoor
Abstract: This paper presents a study on dc capacitor voltage balance control method for cascade multilevel static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and a general analytical method for balance control strategy. Imbalance of dc capacitor voltage is considered, which is caused by the inconsistency of active power absorbed and consumed by chain, a balance control strategy is discussed, based on Phase shift angle regulation. A general analytical method based on vector analysis is also presented, by which the performance of balance control strategy can be analysed, including regulation capacity. To find out the importance of balance control strategy, a comparison still based on vector analysis between balance control strategy and without using any balance control strategy is provided, from which importance of balance control strategy, based on Phase shift angle regulation, can be known which has the advantage of strong regulation capacity, and simulations are performed to prove it. Keywords: Cascade multilevel, dc capacitor voltage balance, static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), vector analysis
Abstract
Introduction and Control Approach of Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC)
Shivanand, Rituraj Jalan, V K Maurya
Abstract: This paper represents a new dimension of the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) called as Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC). The present paper describes the introduction and control of power in transmission line equipped with FACTS (DPFC) devices. Detailed simulations are carried out to illustrate the control features of DPFC and its influence to increase power transfer capability and improve system reliability. The DPFC is derived from the unified power -flow controller (UPFC) and DPFC has the same control capability as the UPFC. The DPFC can be considered as a UPFC with an eliminated common dc link. The active power exchange between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the transmission lines at the third -harmonic frequency. Keywords: FACTS, Power Flow Controlling Devices, UPFC, DPFC, Active power Exchange, Third harmonics, D-Facts, Series control, Shunt control, Central control.
Abstract
Micro-grid by for distribution of Electric Energy in a remote area
Sakshi Singh, Virendra Kumar Maurya
Abstract: Here we develop a micro grid with the help of photovoltaic cells. Technology uses over here is based on semiconductor cells, generally several square centimeters in size. The "photovoltaic effect" is the basic physical process through which a PV cell converts sunlight into electricity. In this paper a micro-grid is simulated with the help of MATLAB for distribution of electric energy in a remote area. Where other sources of electricity are not easy to install and are costly also. The results given here are purely analytic & applicable. Keywords: Solar Photovoltaic (SPV), micro-grid, solar cell.